Mathematical Literacy

Term 3 Grade 10 and 11 content workshop

Moderation of term 2 formal

assessment tasks

GROWING KWAZULU-NATAL TOGETHER

Possible Resources

• CAPS DOCUMENT
• RATP’S
• TEXTBOOKS
• EXAM GUIDELINES
Term 3 Grade 10 & 11 Content as per ATP

• Income, expenditure, profit/loss, income-and-expenditure statements and

budgets:
 Perform calculations involving all of the above.
 Identify fixed, variable and occasional income and expenditure values from
financial documents.
 Analyse and prepare income – and – expenditure statements and budgets.
• Income, expenditures, profit/loss:
 (large organisations and fundraising projects)
 A comparison of income/ expenditure/ profit values over two years
 Budgets showing a comparison of projected vs actual, expenditure and
profit/loss values
Budget

A budget shows predicted income and expenditure items

for an event, business or organisation.
• That is the budget describes what the business,
organisation or organisers of an event predict the
income and expenditure for the business, organisation or
event will be in the future.
• As such, budgets are important tools for planning the
future finances of an event, business or organisation.
Table of some Income and Expenses
Income Expenses
• Salary – monthly earnings from an employer • Living expenses
• Wages – weekly earnings from an employer •  Accounts
• Commission – money earned for selling •  Telephone
• Profit – extra money gained on sales of goods •  Insurance
and services •  Personal taxes
• Gifts •  Loan repayments
• Financial assistance •  Savings
• Rental income for a property •  Salaries and wages
•  Business running expenses

Types of Income or Expenses:

•  Fixed means it does not change with time.
•  Variable means it changes over time, according to the situation.
•  Occasional means it occurs from time to time.
Grade 10 - Income/expenditure, Profit/loss, Income/Expenditure
Statements; Budgets.
A comparison of income, expenditure, profit values over two years

Statement of income-and-expenditure
• A statement of income-and-expenditure shows a
summary of actual income and expenditure items for an
event, business or organisation.
• That is the statement of income-and-expenditure
describes what the business, organisation or organisers
of an event have actually spent / earned in a business,
organisation or event that has already taken place.
• As such, budgets are important tools for describing the
current finances of an event, business or organisation.
Break-even analysis
• The break-even value in a business or organisation refers to the amount of
income that the business or
organisation must make in order to cover all expenses incurred in the running of
the business.
• In other words, the break-even point gives an indication of how much money a
business/organisation must make in order to make a profit.
• Outside of a business context, the term „break-even‟ is used to refer to the
values for which two things are equal: for example: The number of minutes of
talk time for which the cost of talking on two different cell phone contracts is
equal;
• The number of units of electricity that must be used on two different systems for
the cost of that usage to be equal.
• In order for a business to do well they need to be in control of their income and
their expenses.
Income – Expenses = Profit.
• The goal of every business is to make the maximum profit.
 If the income is more than the expenses, the business makes a profit.
Grade 11- Income/expenditure, Profit/loss,
Income/Expenditure Statements; Budgets.
Income/expenditure, Profit/loss, Income/Expenditure
Statements; Budgets.
Cost price & selling price- Grade 11

 Cost of producing/ manufacturing

 Appropriate selling price
 Percentage profit
Cost of producing/manufacturing
 The cost price of an item/service refers to the total cost
involved in producing/manufacturing the item or
providing the service.
 Understanding the cost price is essential in order to
determine how much the item must be sold for or how
much must be charged for the service in order to cover
the costs involved in making the item / service.
Example Table 1: Doughnut costs
Appropriate selling price
• The selling price is the price at which an item will be
sold or a service provided.
• This appropriate selling price needs to be higher than the
cost price if all of the costs involved in making the item
or supplying the service are to be covered and a loss is to
be avoided.
• Once the cost priced has been determined, an acceptable
profit margin or price mark-up must be determined.
• The mark-up is added onto the cost price to create a
profit.
• An appropriate selling price is not simply determined by
guessing or by choosing a much higher price than the
cost price in order to make as big a profit as possible.
• Rather, the selling price must be guided by the cost
Percentage profit
• When a business sells things, it needs to determine the
cost at which it will sell each item.
• This cost may be determined by a specific profit the
business wants to make or by market related prices, i.e.
they should not be too cheap or too expensive.
• The difference between the cost price and the selling
price is the profit also known as the mark-up.
• The mark-up (profit) may be given in Rand value or as a
percentage.
• To calculate the profit as a percentage we use the
following equation:
• If the cost and the percentage mark-up is known, then
The following formulae may be used to calculate the cost price, selling
price, profit/loss and percentage profit:
 Interest, Loans and Banking.

Grade 10 Grade 11
Interest: • Interest (Calculate without the use of the
• Distinguish between interest rate and formulae)
interest. • Loans
• Calculate interest and interest rate (without • Investments
the use of a formulae) • Bank accounts
Taxation Banking
• Determine VAT in the context of shop • Savings account
purchases, till slips and bills. • Cheque/current account
• Calculate VAT inclusive/exclusive prices • Fixed deposit account
• Credit and debit account, etc.
Inflation
• Calculation
• Rate of increase or decrease
Terminology
 Interest is the amount of money paid in return for the use of someone else’s money.
 Interest rate is the rate at which interest is paid by a borrower for the use of money that they borrow from a
lender.
o Stress!!! That an interest rate is not an amount but a percentage such as 3%.
 Borrower – the person who borrows money from somebody
 Lender – the person/institution who lends money to the borrower. The money must be paid back.
 Loan term – the period over which the money may be paid back
 Repayment – the regular payment on the outstanding balance.
 Per annum – per year
 Principal amount – the original amount of money initially invested or borrowed
 Simple interest – the interest calculated only on the principal amount, and is the same each time it is paid.
 Total/Accumulated amount – the principal amount plus the interest.
 Compound interest – interest calculated on the total/accumulated amount


Interest can be paid on money which is invested in two
different ways i.e. simple and compound.
Interest calculate without the use of the formulae
Simple interest
• With simple interest, the interest earned or paid on amount
invested or borrowed stays the same.
• If we know what the interest rate is, we can calculate the
amount of interest quite simply.
• The amount of interest payable depends on the interest rate.
o The lower the interest rate, the lesser the payment
and,
o The higher the interest rate, the more the payment.
Compound interest
• Compound interest increases because the interest is
added to the lump sum so you calculate the interest on a
bigger lump sum for every year.
• Unlike simple interest, Compound interest is calculated on
the total/accumulated amount.
o Interest increases constantly.
o It yields more interest over time than simple interest.
• In compound interest, you also earn interest on interest.
• In compound interest, interest can be compounded:
o Daily, monthly, quarterly, half yearly (semi-annual),
annually
The table below shows what happen to interest rate and
investment/repayment period when compounded as above.
Banking terms and their meaning

• Liquid assets – assets that are easily converted to cash

• Liquidity – it refers to the ease with which assets can be converted to
cash.
• Overdraft – this is a loan from a bank that allows for a debit balance
on a account
• Credit card – a small plastic card issued by a bank or other financial
institution for the purpose of buying goods and services on credit
• Credit limit – it’s the maximum amount that a bank or financial
institution will allow a client to borrow
• Debit card – a small plastic card issued by a bank or financial
institution for the purpose of buying goods and services with money
that comes directly from your bank account
• Deposit – putting money into an account
• Bank charge or transactional fee – an amount of money payable
for bank services provided
• Withdrawal – taking money from an account
• Debit order – an instruction to a bank to pay an amount that differs
Bank account
• Bank accounts offer a secure place for individuals, businesses or
corporations to keep their money.
• Bank accounts differ and they don’t all allow for the same access to
money or charge the same fees or give the same interest.
• There are various types of bank accounts. These include:
o Current/cheque accounts,
o savings accounts,
o fixed deposit accounts, etc.
• Savings account
• Most people open a savings account, which pays interest.
• The account is suitable for short-term savings (savings that will be
used within a year for something like school fees).

 Below is a table comparing the advantages and disadvantages of a
savings account:
Cheque account -It is also called a transactional account and
people use it to make regular transactions like withdrawals, deposits
and payments.
Fixed deposit account - This account is used for savings that you
leave for a fixed period of 3, 6, 12 or 36 months. The longer the
investment period the larger the interest will normally be.
 Advantages and disadvantages of fixed deposit account and
cheque account
Bank cards
• A bank card such as a credit card or a debit card is usually
used to access one’s money in one’s account.
• A debit card is a small plastic card issued by a bank or
financial institution for the purpose of buying goods and
services with money that comes directly from one’s own
account.
• Debit cards have tired interest rates (different interest rates
in different monetary intervals).
• A credit card is a small plastic card that is issued by a
bank or financial institution for the purpose of buying goods
and services on credit.
Below is a table showing a comparison between debit card
and credit
Inflation

• Inflation is a measure of the change in the purchasing

power of money over time. inflation represents the average
increase in the prices of a variety of goods and services over
time and that different items can have different inflation
rates
• Purchasing power tells you the relative value of money in
one year compared to another year, as a percentage.
• Inflation rates are given as percentages.
o It is the average rate (%) by which the prices of products
have increased over a period of time.
• Inflation is given as a percentage increase per annum.
To determine the inflation rate, banks refer to a “basket” of
goods of which the prices are compared over time. If the cost of
the “basket” increases with a specific percentage that indicates
the interest rate.
• The inflation rate shows us with what percentage goods
and services have increased over a specific time. This
does not mean that everything in the country has
increased by that percentage, but it gives us an idea of
the average increase.

• Even when there is a decrease in the inflation rate it does

not mean that goods become cheaper, it only means that
their prices increase, but with a smaller percentage
(slower rate).

• Inflation causes the worth of money to decrease – you

cannot buy the same amount of goods with the same
amount of money
Example 10 – Inflation
The graph below shows the inflation rate over three years
with regards to car parts.
Perimeter and Area

Grade 10 Grade11

Perimeter and Area: • Building plans (Scale):

Calculate: • Housing plans
• Perimeter and Area of • Elevation plans
rectangles, triangles and • Design drawings
circles (quarter, semi and
three-quarters) using
provided formulae.
• Cost of products
• Solve problems and complete
tasks/projects.
 PERIMETER, AND AREA

PERIMETER:
• The perimeter of any shape with straight sides: Add the lengths of the sides
(ensure same units)
• Special cases involve regular shapes where formula can be used.
• A Rectangle; A Square; A Circle
AREA:
• The amount of two-dimensional space occupied by a 2-D shape.
The area of a shape is the size of its surface.
SUMMARY
Measuring Perimeter (The distance around a given 2D shape)
 UNDERSTANDING PERIMETER

• One dimensional (1D)

• Distance around the OUTSIDE of a shape
• Measured in units (mm, cm, m, km)
Examples with circles.
Calculate the circumference of each of the following:

a)

8cm

b)
m
4 4m
Solutions:

a) Perimeter = Semi-circle + diameter = ½ (2 × π × r) + 2 × r

= (0,5) (2) (3,14) (8) + 2(8)
= 25,12 + 16
= 41,12 cm

b) Perimeter = ¾ circle + 2 × radius

= ¾ (2 × π × r) + 2 × r
= (0,75) (2) (3,14) (44) + 2(44)
= 207,24 + 88
= 295,24 mm

c) Perimeter = (3 × sides of square) + radius + ¼ circle

= (3 × 10) + 10 + ¼ (2 × π × r)
= 30 + 10 + (0,25) (2) (3,14) (10)
= 40 + 15,7
= 55,7 cm
 Composite Shapes
Determine the missing sides of the shape:

The vertical values

should add up to
opposing side.
Thus, if the
opposing side is
25cm, the missing
side is thus 10cm
 Activity 4
Calculate the perimeter of the figures below.

4.2
4.1

Slanted side = 86,02cm

4.3
4.3
Perimeter vs Area

P = 2 x π x r OR P = π x d P=s+s+s P = 2L + 2B
A=πx A=LXB
A=½xbxh
Area of Basic Shapes

In this section we will focus on summarising what you need to know about:

Area : the 2D space taken up by a shape

Units used: Square units eg m2,cm2,m2,etc.

Area of triangles can be tricky.

The area of a triangle is given by:

Area =
=

Remember: the base can be any side on which we have a perpendicular height
 Calculate the area of each of the following figures:

16
Answer: cm
A = ½ b X perpendicular H
= ½ (16)(9)
= 72cm2

For B note that the perpendicular height is that height that runs at 90 degrees to the side you use as the
base. In this case we use 19cm as the base so…

B = ½ b X perpendicular Height
= ½ (19)(7)
= 66,5cm2
 Area of circles
We calculate the area of a circle using the following formula:

Area =
=

However, we are also to know parts of a circle:

For the three – quarter circle =

For the semi – circle =

For the quarter – circle =

 Examples

1. Calculate the area of each of the following to the nearest cm 2 :

1. 1.2 1.3
1 10cm 25cm r
r = 8cm

= 3,142 x (10 cm)2 = 3,142 x (12,5 cm)2 = 0,5 x 3,142 x (8 cm)2

= 314,2 cm2 = 490,94 cm2 = 100,544 cm2

= 314 cm2 = 491 cm2 = 101 cm2

1.4 1.5 1.6

22mm

36cm
Determining the Area of Composite Shapes

A composite shape is a shape made up of other basic shapes. Thus, the idea here is to break the “big” shape up into smaller parts.
mples:
1.
Example 2

15mm

25mm 20mm

Area =
Building plans (Scale)

Plan (floor elevation and design plans)

Plan - floor elevation
• Shows a top view of a building (room, office, house, etc.)
floor.
• Always drawn to a given scale.
• Includes length measurements.
• Uses standard symbols for building features such as
door/window/garage openings, bathroom utilities, etc.
• May include compass direction indicators (North, South,
East, West)
Plans

 Floor plans and design:

- Understand the symbol and notation used on plans.
- Describe what is being represented.
- Analyse the layout shown in the plan and suggest an
alternative layout option.
- Determine the actual length of plans using measurements
and the given scale.
- Determine the quantity of material needed by using the
plan's perimeter, area and volume calculations.
- Draw 2D floor plans for familiar structures.
 Assembly diagrams
EXAMPLES OF THE SYMBOLS USED ON PLAN LAYOUT
Elevation plans

• Shows the different side views of a building i.e.

north/south/east/west side view or elevation.
• Gives a complete outside structure of a building.
• Always drawn to scale.
• Shows different wall features such as doors and windows.
 Asembly diagrams, Packaging and Models
• Show diagrams/pictures/nets of complete items
• They use symbols for the different components of an item.
• They have written instructions on how to put the different components
together
• Packaging of cams and/or boxes for optimal use of space
• Determine the most cost-effective way of packaging a number of cans and/or
boxes
• Packaging
• Use actual cans and a range of actual boxes
• Show diagrams/nets of packaging containers for various shapes.
• Show diagrams/nets of packaging arrangements of various containers or items.