Quantitative Aptitude

Percentages
Dr M.Thamarai selvan
CTPCR Director
Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science
Coimbatore 641006
PERCENTAGES
Percentage is a popular
topic to get featured
in Quantitative
Aptitude of competitive
examinations like SSC
JE, UPSC, SBI PO, SSC
CGL, etc..
 Introduction
In mathematics, a percentage is a number or ratio that
can be expressed as a fraction of 100. If we have to
calculate percent of a number, divide the number by
the whole and multiply by 100. Hence, the percentage
means, a part per hundred. The word per cent means
per 100. It is represented by the symbol “%”.
 Percentage Formula
To determine the percentage, we have to divide the value

by the total value and then multiply the resultant by 100.

Percentage formula = × 100

Example: × 100 = 0.4 × 100 = 40 percent or 40%

Percentage conversion
 To convert Percentage into Fraction, Divide it by 100.

Example : 50% = 50/100 = ½

To convert Fraction into Percentage, Multiply it by 100

Example : ¼ = 100 = 25%

Question…
50% of 1500 Shortcut
𝟓𝟎 100% = 1500
𝐗 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎=𝟕𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎 50% = 750

30% of 3700 100% = 3700

𝟑𝟎 10% = 370
𝐗 𝟑𝟕𝟎𝟎=𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎 30% = 370X3 = 1110
 Question…
A fruit seller had some apples. He sells 40% apples and
still has 420 apples. Originally, he had:
Solution :
Let 100% of Apples
40% sold. Remaining 60% = 420
Therefore, 100% = ?
60% = 420
100% = X
Answer : 700 Apples
 Important Points
X is what percentage of Y = X 100

Y is what percentage of X = X 100

X is what percentage more or less than Y = X 100

Y is what percentage more or less than X = X 100

“-”ve Sign indicates Less, “+”ve sign indicates More

Question…
In a Class of Students, 70 Boys and 35 Girls, The number
of Girls is what percentage of Number of Boys?
Solution :
X is what percentage of Y = X 100
No of Girls is what percentage of No of Boys = X
100
=
X 100

Answer = 50%
Question…
2. 75 gram is what percentage of 1 Kg
Solution :
X is what percentage of Y = X 100
We know, 1 kg = 1000 grams
75 gram is what percentage of 1 kg= X 100

Answer = 7.5%
Question…
If X is 25% more than Y, then by what percentage is Y less
than X?
Solution : X 100
Y is what percentage less than X =
Let, Y = 100 then X = 125
= X 100
=
X 100 = -20%

Answer = 20% less

Question…
If Ajay got 10% marks less than Balu. What Percent marks
did Balu got more than Ajay?
Solution :
Balu is what percentage more than Ajay = X 100
Let, Balu = 100 then Ajay = 90
= X 100
= X 100
= 11.11%

Answer = 11.11% less

Solve…
If Ram earns 20% more than sham. Then what
percentage less does Sham earn than Ram?
Solution :
Sham is what percentage less than Ram = X 100

Let, Sham = 100 then Ram = 120 = X 100

= X 100 = -16.66%

Answer = 16.66% less

 X% of Y = Y% of X

30% of 50 = 50% of 30

70% of 30 = 30% of 70
Question…
If 50% of A = 25% of B, Then A = X% of B. Find X?
Solution :
50% of A = 25% of B

2A = B A=
We know that,
A=X% of B
= =1

X = 50
Question…
If 20% of (P+Q) = 50% of (P-Q), Then Find P:Q?
Solution :
20% of (P+Q) = 50% of (P-Q)
2P+2Q = 5P-5Q
2P+2Q = 5P-5Q
2Q+5Q = 5P-2P

7Q = 3P

= P:Q = 7:3
SOLVE…
If 90% of A = 30% of B, and B = 2X% of A. Find X?
Solution :
90% of A = 30%
of B
3A =
We know B
that, B=2X% of A
3A= =3

X=
150
SOLVE…
1. If 40% of (A+B) = 60% of (A-B), Then is,

Answer :
 Based on salary…
ote : Always we should keep base value as Rs.100
Radha Spends 40% of her salary on food, 20% on House
rent, 10% on Entertainment and 10% on Purchase. If her
Savings at the end of a month is Rs.1500, Then her salary
per month (in Rs.) is
Solution :
Let Salary = 100%
Expenses : 40%+20%+10%+10% = 80%
Remaining 20% = 1500
Therefore, 100% = ? 20% = 1500
100% = X

Answer : Rs. 7500

 Question…
Kishore Spends 30% of his salary on food, and donates 3%
in charitable trust. He spends Rs.2310 on these two items.
Then total salary for that month is,
Solution :
Let Salary = 100%
Expenses : 30%+3% = 33%

We know that, 33% = Rs.2310

Therefore, 100% = 33%

? = 2310
100% = X

Answer : Rs. 7000

 Question…
A Person gave 20% of his income to his Elder son, 30% of
the remaining to the younger son and 10% of the Balance,
he donated to a trust. He is left with Rs.10080. His income
was,
Solution
. Expenses : Let
: 20% of Salary
Rs.100==Rs.100
Rs.20, Balance Rs.80
. Expenses : 30% of Rs.80 = Rs.24, Balance Rs.56
. Expenses : 10% of Rs.50 = Rs.5.6, Balance Rs.50.4

We know that, 50.4% = Rs.10080

Therefore, 100% = ? 50.4% = 10080
100% = X

Answer : Rs. 20000

Questions…
1. Manish spends 17% of his monthly income in travelling.
He spends 25% of his monthly income on household
expenses and spends 36% of his monthly income on
families medical expenses. He has remaining amount of Rs.
10032 as cash with him. What is Manish's annual income ?
Answer : Rs. 547200
2. In a college 12% of total students are interested in
sports.3/4thof total students are interested in dance. 10%
of total students are interested in singing and remaining
15 students are not interested in any activity. How many
students are there in the college ?
Answer : 500 Students
Questions…
3.What percentage of the whole week does Prikandu spend
in office, if his office hours are 9 am to 5 pm from Monday
to Friday?
Answer : 23.8%
 Based on Votes…
Two person contested an election of parliament. The
winning candidate secured 57% of the total votes polled
and won by a majority of 42000. The total number of votes
polled is,
Solution
We know : that, W.C L.C Total votes
57% 43%
100%
Majority = W.C ~ L.C 14% = 42000 Votes
57% ~ 43% 100%
= 14% = X
14% = 42000

X = 300000

Answer : 3,00,000 Votes

Question…
In an Examination, a candidate must secure 40% marks to
pass. A candidate, who gets 220 marks, fails by 20 marks.
What are the maximum marks for the Examination?
Solution :
We know that, 40% Pass mark
= 240
40% = 240
100% = X

Answer : 600
Question…
A Student has to obtain 33% of total marks to pass. He got
25% of total marks failed by 40 marks. The no of total
marks,
Solution :
We know that, 33% ~ 25%8%

8% = 40 Marks
100% = X

Answer : 500
Questions…
In a election, a candidate secured 40% of the votes but is
defeated by the only other candidate by a majority of 298
votes. Find the total number of votes recorded.
Solution : let 100% votes.

We know that, L.C W.C Total votes

40% 60%
100% 20% = 298 Votes
Majority = W.C ~ L.C 100% = X
20% = 60%
298 ~ 40% = 20%

X = 1490

Answer : 1490 Votes

 Questions…
In a college election between two candidates, 10% of the
votes cast are invalid. The winner gets 70% of the valid
votes and defeats the loser by 1800 votes. How many votes
were totally cast?
Solution : let 100% votes.
In that 10% votes are invalid. Hence, 90% votes are valid.
e know that, Winner gets 70% of valid votes. So 70% of 90% = 63%
63% ~ 27% = 36% 90%
36% = 1800
100% = X 27% (L)
63% (W)
X = 5000

Answer : 5000 Votes

Questions…
1. In a election between two candidates, one get 72% of
the total votes. If the total votes are 8200 by how many
votes did the winner win the election?
Answer : 3608
Based on ratio…
The ratio 5:4 expressed as a percent equals,
Solution :

A:B or

𝟓
𝐗 𝟏𝟎𝟎=𝟏𝟐𝟓 %
𝟒

Answer : 125%
Questions…
If A exceeds B by 40%. B is less than C by 20%. Then A:C is,
Solution : let C = 100.
Then, A B C
112 80 100

Ratio of A :C,
112 : 100

28 : 25

Answer : 28:25
Solve…
The ratio of the number of boys to
that of girls in school is 4:1. If 75%
of boys and 70% of the girls are
scholarship – holders then the
percentage of students who do not
get scholarship is,

Answer : 26%
Questions…
1. Two numbers are in the ratio 2:3. If 20% of the smaller
number added to 20 is equal to the sum of 10% of the
larger number and 25 then the smaller Number is,

Answer : 100

2. The expenses on rice , fish & oil of a family are in the

ratio 12:17:3. The prices of these articles are increased by
20%, 30% and 50% respectively. The total expenses of
family on these articles are increased by
Answer : %
 The population of a city is 9000. If 6% of man and 8% of
women are increased, so population becomes 9580. Find
the total population of men.
Solution :
Male Female
% increase = 58/9%
6% 8%

Ratio of Male & Female population increase, 7:2

Answer : 7000
 Based on population…
The population of a town is increased from 75000 to 85000
in a year. Find the percent increase in population.
Solution :

% increase =

Answer : 13
Thank You