Nature and

Elements of
Communication
Unit 1
 Let's Warm up
1. Form a group
2. Create a 2-minute group presentation that reflects your
understanding of what "communication" is about
3. Be creative. You can use google for your reference.
4. You have 5 minutes to prepare.
 Key Take aways
Communication is a process of sharing and
conveying messages or information from
one person to another within and across
channels, contexts, media and cultures.
There is a wide variety of contexts and
situations in which communication can be
manifested: It can be a face-to-face
interaction, a phone conversation, a group
discussion, a meeting or interview, a class
 Nature of
Communication
1. Communication is a process.

2. Communication occurs between two or more people

(the speaker and the receiver)
3. Communication can be expressed through words
(verbal), actions (nonverbal), or both at the same time.
 Elements of Communication
1. Speaker - the source of information or message
2. Message - the information, ideas, or thoughts
conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions
3. Encoding - the process of converting the message into
words, actions, or other forms that the speaker
understands
4. Channel - the medium or the means, such as personal
or non-personal, verbal or nonverbal, in which the
encoded message is conveyed
5. Decoding - the process of interpreting the encoded
message of the speaker by the receiver
 Elements of Communication
6. Receiver - the recipient of the message, or someone
who decodes the message
7. Feedback - the reactions, responses, or information
provided by the receiver
8. Context - the environment where communication takes
place
9. Barrier - the factors that affect the flow of
communication
 Process of Exampl
Communication e
The speaker generates an Daphne loves Rico as a
idea friend
The speaker encodes an idea or She thinks of how to tell him using their
converts native language
the idea into words or actions
The speaker transmits or sends out a She tells him, "Rico, mahal kita bilang
message kaibigan."

The receiver gets the Rico hears what Daphne

message says.
The receiver decodes or interprets the He tries to analyze what she means, and
message based on the context he is heartbroken
He frowns and does not say anything,
The receiver sends or provides because he is in pain.
Models of Communication
 Shannon-Weaver Model
Known as the mother of all communication models, the shannon-
Weaver model (1949) depicts communication as a linear or one-way
process consisting of 5 elements: a source(producer of message); a
transmitter(encoder of message into signals); a channel(signals
adapted for transmission); a receiver(decoder of the message from
the signal); and a destination.
 Schramm Model
Schramm (1954) modified the Shannon-Weaver model. What has
Schramm added to the Shannon-Weaver model? Is the new model
more comprehensive? Why do you think so?
 Transaction Model
Unlike the Shannon-Weaver model, which is a one-way process, the
transaction model is a two-way process with the inclusion of
feedback as one element.
Functions of Communication

WHY DO WE COMMUNICATE?
 Functions of Communication
1. Control - Communication functions to control behavior.
2. Social Interaction - Communication allows individuals
to interact with others.
3. Motivation - Communication motivates or encourages
people to live better.
4. Emotional expression - Communication facilitates
people's expression of their feelings and emotions
5. Information dissemination - Communication functions
to convey information.
Features of an Effective
Communication
1.
Completeness
Complete Communication is essential to the quality of
the communication process in general. Hence,
communication should include everything that the
receiver needs to hear for him/her to respond, react, or
evaluate properly.
2. Conciseness
Conciseness does not mean keeping the
message short, but making it direct or straight
to the point. Insignificantly or redundant
information should be eliminated from the
communication that will be sent to the
3. Consideration
To be effective, the speaker should always
consider information about his/her receiver
such as mood, background, race, preference,
education, status, needs, among others. By
doing so, he/she can easily build rapport with
the audience.
4. Concreteness
Effective communication happens when the
message is concrete and supported by facts,
figures, and real-life examples and situations.
In this case, the receiver is more connected to
the message conveyed.
5. Courtesy
The speaker shows courtesy in communication
by respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of
his/her receivers. Being courteous all the time
creates a positive impact on the audience.
6. Clearness
Clearness in communication implies the use of
simple and specific words to express ideas. It is
also achieved when the speaker focuses only
on a single objective in his/her speech so as
not to confuse the audience.
7. Correctness

Correctness in grammar eliminates negative

impact on the audience and increases the
credibility and effectiveness of the message.
Barriers of Communication
There are instances when communication
breaks down and misunderstanding occurs
because of certain barriers.
 Barrier Example Solution
Recognize these kinds of emotions, and
politely ask the other person to give you a
You are having a bad day or you feel moment so you can relax or calm
Emotional Barrier frustrated yourself.
Recognize this kind of attitude, reset, and
You sit in a meeting or class where you reflect on how you can be interested in
think the speaker is boring what the speaker is pointing out.
Jargon refers to the set of specialized
vocabulary in a certain field. To avoid
Use of Jargon You are a scientist discussing a certain communication breakdown due to lack of
weather phenomenon with your neighbor clarity, adjust your language; use layman's
who does not know much about the topic. terms or simple words.
Develop self-confidence by joining
organizations where you can share and
Lack of Confidence develop your interests. Look for
You are asked to share something about opportunities in your school or community
your day or weekend, but you are hesitant that will help you find your strengths and
because you are shy. improve your abilities.
Recognize that noise is a common barrier.
Make some adjustments by asking
Noisy Environment someone to minimize the volume or by
You are having a converation with some looking for a quite area where you can
friends when a song was played loudly. resume the conversation.
Verbal and Nonverbal
Communication
Verbal
Communication
refers to an interaction in which words are used
to relay a message. For effective and
successful verbal communication, use words to
express ideas which can be easily understood
by the person you are talking to.
1. Appropriateness - The language that you use should be appropriate
to the environment or occasion
2. Brevity - Speakers who often use simple, yet precise and powerful
words are found to be more credible.
3. Clarity - The meaning of words, feelings, or ideas may be interpreted
differently by a listener, hence, it is essential for you to clearly state your
message and express your ideas and feeling.
4. Ethics - Words should be carefully chosen in consideration of the
gender, roles, ethnicity, preferences, and status of the person you are talking
to.
5. Vividness - Words that vividly or creatively describe things or feelings
usually add color and spice to communication; hence, you are encourage to
find ways to charm your audience.
NonVerbal
Communication
refers to an interaction where behavior is used
to convey and represent meanings. All kinds of
human responses that are not expressed in
words are classified as a nonverbal
communication.
Mastery of nonverbal communication is important
1. It enhances and emphasizes the message of your speech, thus
making it more meaningful, truthful, and relevant.
2. It can communicate feelings, attitudes, and perceptions without you
saying a word.
3. It can sustain the attention of listeners and keep them engaged in the
speech.
4. It gives the audience preview to the type of speaker you are.
5. It makes you appear more dynamic and animated in your delivery.
6. It serves as a channel to release tension and nervousness.
7. It makes your speech more dramatic.
8. It can build a connection with listeners.
9. It makes you a credible speaker.
10. It helps you vary your speaking style and avoid a monotonous
delivery.
 Therefore
Communication is very much crucial since a single word entails a
lot of meanings. That is why, it is very much important to develop
a variety of skills for both on how to convey our ideas to other
and on how to interpret the information from others. Knowing our
audience and understanding how they need to receive
information is equally important as knowing ourselves.
 Individual Activity
Imagine that you are addressing a group of parents and
teachers in an assembly on understanding your generation
known as the "Millennial Generation"
Prepare a 2-minute speech that communicates your
ideas about the topic. Your speech should highlight who
the millennials are and how they are different from other
generations.
 "Communication is the process of
distributing information. With
technology constantly evolving, it's safe
to say that communication will be
conducted more quickly."
- Aaron Loeb
Thank you for
Listening!