IT versus ICT

When do we use the term ICT and

how does it differ from IT?
 ICT, or information and communications
technology, is often used in a more general sense,
and is described as using computers and other
digital technologies to assist individuals or
institutions in handling or using information.
 IT, or information technology, pertains to the
industry that involves computers, software,
networking and other IT infrastructure to help
relay or manage information.
 IT is a subset of ICT as
the technology used in
the field of IT aids in the
use of ICT (Wang, 2016)
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
First-generation Computer
(1946 – 1959)

Electronic Numeric
Integrator And
Calculator
was a modular
computer, composed of
several panels capable
of performing different
functions.
Second-generation Computer
(1959 - 1965)

Transistor used as
the interior sections
of the computer.
Third-generation Computer
(1965 - 1971)

uses Integrated
Circuit
Fourth-generation Computer
(1971 - 1980)

uses
microprocessor
Fifth-generation Computer
(1980 - onwards)
Components of a
Computer
A computer is an electronic device that
manipulates information or data. It has the
ability to store, retrieve and process data. It
contains both hardware components and
software applications.
The hardware pertains to the
computer’s physical devices. It is any part
of the computer that can be seen and
touched.
 INPUT DEVICES
 Enter or send data and instructions from the user or from another computer
system on the internet.
The following are some of the most common and important input devices of a
computer:
• Keyboard
• Mouse
 Trackball
 Touchpad/Trackpad
• Microphone
• Scanner
• Digital Camera
• PC Video Camera
 OUTPUT DEVICES
 An output device is any hardware component that transmits information to one or more people.
The three commonly used output devices are as follows:
• Printer
• Monitor
 Cathode ray tube (CRT)
- is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun at one end and a fluorescent
screen at another end.
 Liquid crystal display (LCD)
- is a flat-panel display that consists of a layer of color or monochrome
pixels arranged schematically between a couple of transparent electrodes and two polarizing
filters.
 Light-emitting diode (LED)
- is a flat-panel display that uses light-emitting diodes for backlighting.
• Speaker
SYSTEM UNIT
 is the enclosure composed of the main elements of a
computer that are used to administer data. This can be
referred to as a computer case or tower.

STORAGE DEVICES
 There are many types of storage devices which include
the flash disk drive, a small portable storage device
often referred to as pen drives, thumb drives or jump
drives.
Why Computers
are Powerful
 They work with remarkable speed, reliability, consistency and
accuracy. Computers can store large amounts of data and
information. Also, computers allow users to communicate with other
users or computers. A user is anyone who communicated and
interacts with a computer or makes use of the information it
generates.

 Speed
 Reliability and consistency
 Accuracy
 Communication
 Classifying
Computers
Computers can be classified based on size and computing power. However, as
technology advances, these classifications tend to overlap as modern computers
have become smaller, yet more powerful, and relatively cheaper.
 The general classifications of computers are as
follows:
 Personal Computer – is a small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor.
It has a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for displaying information and a
storage device for saving data.
 Workstation – is a powerful, single-user computer. It is like a personal computer, but
it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.
 Minicomputer – is a multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds
of users simultaneously.
 Mainframe – is a powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting hundreds or
thousands of users simultaneously.
 Supercomputer – is an extremely fast computer that can perform millions of
instructions per second.
The different types of computers are as follows:

 Desktop computers
 Laptop computers
 Tablet computers
 Smartphones
 Wearables
 Smart TVs
 Overview of
Current Trends
In an article from Forbes.com, DeMers (2016) identified
seven major trends in 2017.

 IoT and smart home technology

The so-called Internet of Things (IoT) has been tending since 2016. The vision
of IoT has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies, including
pervasive wireless communication, data analytics, machine learning, and use
of hardware technology such as sensors, microprocessors and
microcontrollers.
 Augmented reality and virtual reality
In 2016, the release of games such as Pokemon Go and the anticipated VR
headset, Oculus Rift, served as a turning point for AR and VR technology.
 Machine learning
Also called artificial intelligence, having machines decide for you seems to be
a daunting task and would probably make you think of robots and talking
computers.
Its latest features include the following:
• Face ID
• A11 Bionic
• Wireless charging
• Ios11
• Augmented Reality
 Automation
 Big data
 Physical-digital integrations
 Everything on demand
 Impact of ICT on Individuals,
Organizations and Society
Positive Effects Negative Effects
 Improved access to education  Reduced personal interaction and
 Access to information physical activity
and
communication  Job loss or increase in
 Security unemployment
• Multiple workers
• Shipping or freight services
• Automation through robots or
machines
 Security
 ETHICAL ISSUES IN ICT

1. Plagiarism
It is an act of theft in which a person copies another person’s ideas, words or
writings, etc. and pass them off as his or her own. Those who committed such
action may lead to serious legal and ethical defilements.
2. Exploitation
It is an action in which one deals with a person dishonestly, unethically and
dishonorably in order to take advantage of the latter’s works and/or resources.
This leads to unlawful actions.
3. Libel
It can either be an insult, slur, or slander. Either written or spoken or even through
actions, it may lead to libel if the accusation is not true and without any piece of
evidence.