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TP Mass Transport 1

The document outlines the principles of mass transport in chemical engineering, focusing on Fick's law of binary diffusion, diffusivity dependencies, and mass transfer in various states including gases, liquids, and colloids. It discusses the Chapman-Enskog kinetic theory for gases and the empirical methods used for diffusion in binary liquids. The presentation concludes with concepts of convective transport and related equations for mass and molar average velocities.

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6 views24 pages

TP Mass Transport 1

The document outlines the principles of mass transport in chemical engineering, focusing on Fick's law of binary diffusion, diffusivity dependencies, and mass transfer in various states including gases, liquids, and colloids. It discusses the Chapman-Enskog kinetic theory for gases and the empirical methods used for diffusion in binary liquids. The presentation concludes with concepts of convective transport and related equations for mass and molar average velocities.

Uploaded by

divyam.savaliya.3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transport Phenomena -

Mass Transport
Dr. M.S.Rao
Chemical Engineering Department
D. D. University
Outline of presentation
• Introduction
• Fick’s law of binary diffusion
• Dependency of diffusivity
• Mass transfer in ideal gases and liquids
• Mass transfer in colloids and suspensions
• Convective mass transfer
• Conclusions
Fick’s law of binary diffusion
• Fick’s law of binary diffusion

At steady state

Differential element

1-D fick’s
Molecular mass flux Law of diffusion
Fick’s law of binary diffusion
• jAy : mass flux relative to the mixture velocity, υy
• For a binary mixture  y  A Ay  B By
• v is an average, vA and vB are weighted according to
their mass fractions
• It is referred as mass average velocity
• vA
– Is not the instantaneous molecular velocity of a component A,
– it is arithmetic average of the velocities of all the
molecules of A within tiny volume element
Mass flux
• The mass flux jAy is also defines as

Similar expressions can be written


in x and z directions. In vector form
Analogues quantities in Transport
Phenomena
Dimension less groups in transport
phenomena
Dimensionless Groups
Molecular Transport Equations
Temperature and pressure dependency of
diffusivities
• For binary gas mixture
Estimation of diffusivity using
corresponding states theory
• High pressure,
liquid self-diffusivity
Theory of diffusion in gases at low
density
Theory of diffusion in gases at low
density
Chapman-Enskog kinetic theory gases
Chapman-Enskog kinetic theory gases
• ΩD,AB - the collision integral – is a function of
dimensionless temperature κT/εAB
• The parameters σAB and εAB are those
appearing in Leonard-Jones potential
•

For non-polar
Data are available pairs
In literature
Chapman-Enskog kinetic theory gases
• For isotopic pairs

• If, compared with corresponding equation in


momentum transfer, then

  1.1 D
AA*

DAA* 1.32
Chapman-Enskog kinetic theory gases
• These equations are derived for non-polar
gases
• Also found to be useful for polyatomic gases
• Also can be used for inter-diffusion of polar
gas and non-polar gas
Theory of diffusion in binary liquid
• Not well developed, no analytical predictions
• Based on empirical methods
• Nernst-Einstein equation
– The diffusivity of a single particle or solute
molecule A through a stationary medium B

If size and shape of A is known,


then creeping flow model can be
used to predict mobility Mobility of particle A

Coefficient of sliding
For spherical friction, infinity(=no slip)
A
Theory of diffusion in binary liquid
• Under Stokes’s law (Stokes-Einstein equation):
no slip

• Under complete slip

Refer text book


for notations
– For self-diffusion
Based on Eyring activated state
theory
• Diffusion is described in terms of unimolecular
rate process
Packing parameter

• This theory is based on oversimplification


– For regular solutions (mixture of molecules of
similar size, shape and intermolecular forces

Wilke-Chang
equation
Convective transport
• Mass concentration= density
• Molar concentration=density/ Molecular
weight
• Mass fraction=density of species/density
• Mole fraction=moles of species/ total moles
Mass and molar average velocities
Molecular fluxes
Convective mass molar fluxes

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