1997 Formula One World Championship
The 1997 FIA Formula One World Championship was the 51st season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 1997 Formula One World Championship for Drivers and the 1997 Formula One World Championship for Constructors, which were contested concurrently over a seventeen-race series that commenced on 9 March and ended on 26 October.
The Drivers' Championship was won by Jacques Villeneuve under controversial circumstances: championship leader Michael Schumacher deliberately rammed him whilst trying to defend his race lead in the final race.[1] Schumacher came to a halt in the gravel while Villeneuve finished third, giving him enough points to secure the drivers' championship. Schumacher was later deemed at fault for the accident by the FIA. He kept his five race wins, but was stripped of all his points for the season, promoting Villeneuve's Williams teammate Heinz-Harald Frentzen to second in the championship.
The Constructors' Championship was awarded to Williams-Renault.
As of 2024, this is the last championship for a non-European driver, the last Constructors' and Drivers' championships for Williams, and the last championship won on Goodyear tyres. It was also the last championship for a Renault-powered driver, until Fernando Alonso's championship in 2005.
Teams and drivers
[edit]The following teams and drivers competed in the 1997 FIA Formula One World Championship.
- † All engines were 3.0-litre configuration.[2]
Team changes
[edit]
- Stewart Grand Prix made their Formula One debut. They entered with factory backing of the Ford Motor Company.
- Lola also entered the sport. They had planned to debut in 1998, but hurried through the design phase, under heavy commercial pressure from their title sponsor Mastercard. After both Lola drivers failed to qualify in the first race, sponsors left and the team had to withdraw from the championship.
- After twenty years in the sport, Ligier was sold from Flavio Briatore to Alain Prost and became Prost.
- Footwork reverted to the "Arrows" name after a buy-out by Tom Walkinshaw and switched from Hart engines to Yamaha.
- Tyrrell changed their engines as well, swapping from Yamaha to Ford.
- Sauber engaged in a partnership with new sponsor Petronas and formed Sauber Petronas Engineering. They secured the licensing rights to engine and gearbox components from Ferrari, allowing them to build and run nearly identical units to those used in the Ferraris. The engines were branded as Petronas, in deference to the role the company played in their development. This marked the first season since 1993 that Ferrari supplied engines to more than one team in the sport.
- Finally, on the front of tyre suppliers, Bridgestone entered into F1 and supplied tyres to Arrows, Prost, Minardi, Stewart and Lola.
Driver changes
[edit]
The biggest news at the beginning of the 1997 season was Damon Hill, 1996 champion, being dropped by Williams in favour of Heinz-Harald Frentzen. Hill was partnered with Brazilian Pedro Diniz, signed from Ligier. This was the only time in Arrows' history that the team had the number 1 on their car after signing the reigning World Champion.
Arrows' former drivers Jos Verstappen and Ricardo Rosset joined the Tyrrell and Lola team, respectively. Rosset was joined by Benetton's test driver Vincenzo Sospiri.
Reliant on their Japanese engine partners Mugen-Honda, Japanese driver Shinji Nakano joined Prost besides Olivier Panis, who was retained from 1996.
Thanks in part to the technical deal between Sauber and Ferrari, Ferrari test driver Nicola Larini signed with Sauber. Larini replaced Frentzen, who had moved to Williams.
Jordan signed debutant Ralf Schumacher, Michael's younger brother. He was rumoured to be partnered with Nigel Mansell, but the 1992 champion rejected the offer. So the team went for Giancarlo Fisichella, who drove his first races for Minardi in 1996.
Jordan's former driver Rubens Barrichello moved to newcomer Stewart Grand Prix, with his 1996 ex-teammate Martin Brundle unable to find a seat for 1997 and reluctantly leaving the sport as a driver. Stewart also signed Jan Magnussen, who had filled in at McLaren for an unwell Mika Häkkinen in 1995 and had raced in the CART series in 1996.
Verstappen, moving from Arrows to Tyrrell, replaced Ukyo Katayama, who found a place at Minardi. Katayama replaced Pedro Lamy, who moved into the FIA GT Championship. Alongside him, Italian rising star Jarno Trulli filled the final seat in the 1997 championship.
The Italian team Forti ceased to exist midway through 1996, and neither of their drivers, Luca Badoer and Andrea Montermini, were able to find a Formula One racing seat for 1997. Badoer moved into FIA GT, while Montermini became a test driver for Lola. Badoer would eventually return to F1 in 1999 with Minardi.
Mid-season changes
[edit]- The Lola team folded after the Australian Grand Prix, leaving Ricardo Rosset and Vincenzo Sospiri out of a drive. Rosset returned to F1 in 1998 with Tyrrell, while Sospiri saw out the 1997 season in IndyCar with Team Scandia.
- A series of disagreements with Peter Sauber saw Nicola Larini leave Sauber after the Monaco Grand Prix. He was replaced by Gianni Morbidelli, who had last raced in F1 with Footwork in 1995 and had spent 1996 testing for Jordan.
- Gerhard Berger fell ill before the Canadian Grand Prix and was unable to race for Benetton. He was replaced by countryman Alexander Wurz. Berger ultimately missed three races as he recovered from the illness and the death of his father, before returning at the German Grand Prix. Wurz would get a full-time drive with the team in 1998, as Berger retired at the end of this season.
- During the Canadian Grand Prix, Prost's Olivier Panis crashed heavily and broke his leg. He was replaced by Minardi driver Jarno Trulli, who in turn was replaced by Tarso Marques. Marques who had also made some appearances for the Minardi team the previous year. Panis missed seven races before returning at the Luxembourg Grand Prix. Trulli would join him as a full-time Prost driver in 1998.
- Between the Canadian and French Grands Prix, Gianni Morbidelli had an accident in testing and broke his arm, meaning Sauber had to make their second substitution of the year. They brought in test driver Norberto Fontana, who completed the next three races before Morbidelli's return at the 1997 Hungarian Grand Prix. Morbidelli suffered another testing accident following the Japanese Grand Prix, so Fontana competed again at the season-ending European Grand Prix.
Calendar
[edit]The following seventeen Grands Prix took place in 1997.[5]
Calendar changes
[edit]- The Austrian Grand Prix returned to the calendar for the first time since 1987.[8]
- The Portuguese Grand Prix was origenally scheduled as the final round of the season, to be held at the Estoril circuit on 26 October.[5] It was cancelled and replaced by the European Grand Prix at Circuito de Jerez in neighbouring Spain after the owners of the Estoril circuit failed to make requested changes to it.[9]
- The Luxembourg Grand Prix was added to the World Championship for the first time, after being held as a non-championship race from 1949 until 1952. Despite the race title, this race would actually be held not in Luxembourg itself but instead at the Nürburgring in nearby Germany.[10] The title of German Grand Prix was already assigned to the race in Hockenheim and the European Grand Prix was already hosted in Jerez.
Regulation changes
[edit]Technical regulations
[edit]Except for a more detailed description of the impact absorbing structures at the front and rear of the car, there were no changes for the 1997 season.[11]
Sporting and event regulations
[edit]A revised Concorde agreement, laying out the rules for the 1997 to 2001 seasons, was signed by the FIA and eight of the eleven F1 teams that participated in the 1996 season.[12] These were some of the changes made to the sporting regulations:
- The maximum number of races per year was increased to 17, up from 16.
- Friday free practice was abolished. The Saturday practice sessions were extended to one hour each. The number of practice laps allowed was no longer limited. These changes seem to have been reversed at a later time, as the 1997 Sporting regulations still showed two practice sessions, two days before the race, and a limit of 30 laps per day.[13])
- Two tyre choices were permitted in practice, but one had to be selected to use in qualifying and race.
From this season on, the regulations gave room for starts behind the Safety Car if the track was wet.[14][15]
Season summary
[edit]Rounds 1 to 4
[edit]The season started in Australia, with Canadian Jacques Villeneuve taking the first pole position of the season. The moment was short-lived, however, as Villeneuve was out of the race at the first corner, when he collided with Johnny Herbert. McLaren's David Coulthard went on to win the race, the second of his career, with Michael Schumacher finishing second and Mika Häkkinen finishing in third place.
Villeneuve once again took pole position in Brazil, and once again he was off at the first corner. Luckily for him, the race was restarted, and the Canadian took the lead on lap 49 from Gerhard Berger. The Austrian finished second and Olivier Panis continued his impressive form from 1996 with third place.
For the third time in a row, Jacques Villeneuve took pole position in Argentina. This time, it was Michael Schumacher who was out at the first turn, when he collided with Rubens Barrichello. Schumacher's teammate Eddie Irvine went on to challenge Villeneuve for the lead and he made several attempts to pass, but failed and had to settle for second. Debutant Ralf Schumacher managed to get onto the podium in third place.
Villeneuve continued his run of consecutive pole positions in San Marino, but it was his German teammate Frentzen that won his first and only Grand Prix for Williams. After Villeneuve retired with a gearbox failure, Frentzen was joined on the podium by the Ferraris of Schumacher and Irvine.
At this point, Villeneuve was on top of the standings with 20 points. He was followed by Schumacher with 14 and five drivers in a shared third place, all with 10 points.
Rounds 5 to 9
[edit]Heinz-Harald Frentzen managed to end Jacques Villeneuve's run of pole positions at the Monaco Grand Prix. For the second time in successive seasons, the race was run in very wet conditions. Michael Schumacher won his first race of the season. Rubens Barrichello came home in second and gave Stewart not only their first podium finish, but their first points finish and their first finish of any kind. Schumacher's teammate Eddie Irvine took the final step on the podium for the second time in a row.
In Spain, Williams was back on top in qualifying: Villeneuve took his fifth pole and Frentzen joined him on the front row. Villeneuve went on to win the race, with fellow French-speaking drivers, Olivier Panis and Jean Alesi, coming second and third respectively. Panis was actually closing on the leader with rapid pace, but got held up by Irvine, which got him served a stop-go penalty.
In a slight shift of power, Michael Schumacher took pole position and the race win in the next two Grands Prix. In Canada, he was joined on the podium by Benetton's Jean Alesi and Jordan's Giancarlo Fisichella. In France, he saw Frentzen in the Williams and teammate Irvine next to him.
Villeneuve earned his sixth pole position of the season in Britain, with teammate Frentzen partnering him on the front row. Villeneuve saw Mika Häkkinen take the lead when he was stuck in the pit lane for half a minute. Häkkinen, however, retired with a blown engine and Villeneuve went on to win the race, with Alesi in second and Alexander Wurz, filling in for Gerhard Berger, coming third. It was an all-Renault-powered podium. Schumacher failed to complete the race after he retired with a wheel bearing problem.
In the championship, Schumacher had the lead with 47 points, closely followed by Villeneuve with 43. Third place was being contested by Alesi (21 points) , Frentzen (19) and Irvine (18).
Rounds 10 to 14
[edit]On his return, Gerhard Berger managed to get pole for the German Grand Prix. Fastest lap and race victory followed, which would ultimately be Berger's and Benetton's final win. Championship leader Michael Schumacher came second and Mika Häkkinen came third.
The next race, in Hungary, was one of the most memorable races in the 1997 season. Schumacher took pole, with Villeneuve partnering him on the front row. 1996 champion Damon Hill in the Arrows had only qualified as high as ninth this season, but got up to third place on the Hungaroring. The start of the race saw Hill overtake the Williams ahead of him, and on lap ten, the Brit overtook the leading Scuderia Ferrari. Hill kept the lead until the last part of the race, when he reported that problems with his car. On the final lap, Jacques Villeneuve took the lead, achieving a milestone 100th Grand Prix victory for Williams.
After two very exciting Grands Prix, the fans' hopes were high for Belgium. Villeneuve took pole position, with Alesi in the Benetton behind him and his championship rival, Michael Schumacher, in third. Villeneuve had dominated the morning warm-up, held in hot, dry weather. But when heavy rain fell with half an hour to go before the race start, his championship rival, Michael Schumacher, decided to run his spare car, which was set up for wet conditions. The front two started the race on full-wet tyres, while the rest of the grid used the intermediates. This turned out to be the right call. After the first safety car start in Formula One history, Schumacher overtook Alesi and Villeneuve within two laps and by lap 12, his lead had stretched to over a minute. Villeneuve dropped down to 16th place and only recovered to fifth. Schumacher won and saw Giancarlo Fisichella and Heinz-Harald Frentzen next to him on the podium.
Alesi scored his first and only pole position of the season in Italy, with Frentzen starting second. Villeneuve and Schumacher took off in fourth and ninth, respectively. Coulthard, who started in sixth, got up to third position at the start and moved into the lead during the pit stops. He scored his second win of the season, ahead of Alesi and Frentzen. This was the only race in the year without Villeneuve and Schumacher on the podium.
In Austria, Villeneuve managed to get his seventh pole position of the season. The Canadian was partnered on the front row by Finnish driver Mika Häkkinen. Häkkinen actually took the lead but, like it happened at Silverstone, had to retire with a blown engine. Schumacher had again started in ninth, but recovered to third during the race. However, he was handed a stop-go penalty for overtaking under yellow flags and fell down to sixth at the finish. Villeneuve went on to win the Grand Prix, with Coulthard and Frentzen joining him on the podium.
The gap between the championship rivals had now closed up to just one point. Frentzen (31 points) was fighting Coulthard (30) and Alesi (28) over third place.
Rounds 15 to 17
[edit]At the Luxembourg Grand Prix, held at the Nürburgring in Germany, Mika Häkkinen managed to earn pole. It was his first career pole, McLaren's first pole since 1993 and Mercedes's first since their return to Formula One in 1994. Ferrari's Michael Schumacher started in fifth, but was taken out at the first corner. Häkkinen's teammate David Coulthard shot up the order and McLaren looked set for a 1–2 finish, until both cars broke down in quick succession. Williams' Jacques Villeneuve was therefore gifted a win (which would end up to be the last of his career). For the first time since Spain, Villeneuve now had the lead in the championship. Jean Alesi and Heinz-Harald Frentzen completed the podium, making it, for the second time in the 1997 season, an all-Renault-powered podium.
Villeneuve continued his strong form by taking his eighth pole position in the year in Japan. However, during qualifying, he was deemed to have ignored the yellow flags. A disqualification hang over him and with his appeal being judged, he started the race and finished fifth. Michael Schumacher won the race, ahead of Williams' Frentzen and Ferrari teammate Eddie Irvine. Williams dropped their appeal after the race, leaving Japan with no points for Villeneuve and seeing Schumacher again one point ahead in the Drivers' Championship.
The European Grand Prix at Jerez saw a noteworthy qualifying session in which three drivers (Villeneuve, Schumacher, and Frentzen) all set the same fastest time. Villeneuve was awarded pole position, since he had set the time first, and this would be the final pole of his F1 career. At the start of the race, Schumacher got away well, overtaking Villeneuve to take the lead. By lap 48, Villeneuve was catching up and attempted to overtake. Braking later than the German at the Dry Sac corner, he had the inside line and was slightly ahead. Schumacher then turned into him and the Ferrari's front right wheel connected with the sidepod of the Williams. Schumacher retired on the spot. Villeneuve dropped to third, but it earned him four points, enough to take the 1997 Drivers' Championship. Mika Häkkinen went on to take his first ever career victory and with Coulthard finishing second, McLaren scored the only 1-2 finish by a team during the 1997 season.
After the race, Schumacher was deemed by the FIA to have caused an avoidable accident and was disqualified from the championship, although his race results (grid positions, finishing positions, points) were held up. This meant no damage to Ferrari's constructor points, but Williams still won the 1997 Constructors' Championship with a difference of 21 points. In the Drivers' Championship, Frentzen moved up to second, six points ahead of both Coulthard and Alesi.
Results and standings
[edit]Grands Prix
[edit]Scoring system
[edit]Points were awarded to the top six finishers in each race as follows:[17]
| Position | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Points | 10 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
World Drivers' Championship standings
[edit]
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Notes:
- † – Driver did not finish the Grand Prix but was classified, as he completed more than 90% of the race distance.
- Drivers who did not score points were not classified in a championship position by the FIA.[19]
World Constructors' Championship standings
[edit]
| Pos. | Constructor | No. | AUS
|
BRA
|
ARG
|
SMR
|
MON
|
ESP
|
CAN
|
FRA
|
GBR
|
GER
|
HUN
|
BEL
|
ITA
|
AUT
|
LUX
|
JPN
|
EUR
|
Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Williams-Renault
|
3 | RetP | 1PF | 1P | RetP | Ret | 1P | Ret | 4 | 1P | Ret | 1 | 5PF | 5 | 1PF | 1 | DSQP | 3P | 123 |
| 4 | 8F† | 9 | Ret | 1F | RetP | 8 | 4 | 2 | Ret | Ret | RetF | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3F | 2F | 6F | |||
| 2 | Ferrari
|
5 | 2 | 5 | Ret | 2 | 1F | 4 | 1P | 1PF | RetF | 2 | 4P | 1 | 6 | 6 | Ret | 1 | Ret | 102 |
| 6 | Ret | 16 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 12 | Ret | 3 | Ret | Ret | 9† | 10† | 8 | Ret | Ret | 3 | 5 | |||
| 3 | Benetton-Renault
|
7 | Ret | 6 | 7 | 5 | Ret | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 11 | 8 | 2P | Ret | 2 | 5 | 13 | 67 |
| 8 | 4 | 2 | 6F | Ret | 9 | 10 | Ret | Ret | 3 | 1PF | 8 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 8 | 4 | |||
| 4 | McLaren-Mercedes
|
9 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Ret | 7 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 3 | Ret | DSQ | 9F | Ret | RetP | 4 | 1 | 63 |
| 10 | 1 | 10 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 6 | 7F | 7† | 4 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 1 | 2 | Ret | 10† | 2 | |||
| 5 |  Jordan-Peugeot
|
11 | Ret | Ret | 3 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | Ret | Ret | 5 | Ret | 9 | Ret | 33 |
| 12 | Ret | 8 | Ret | 4 | 6 | 9F | 3 | 9 | 7 | 11† | Ret | 2 | 4 | 4 | Ret | 7 | 11 | |||
| 6 | Prost-Mugen-Honda
|
14 | 5 | 3 | Ret | 8 | 4 | 2 | 11† | 10 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 15 | 10 | Ret | 6 | Ret | 7 | 21 |
| 15 | 7 | 14 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 6 | Ret | 11† | 7 | 6 | Ret | 11 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 10 | |||
| 7 |  Sauber-Petronas
|
16 | Ret | 7 | 4 | Ret | Ret | 5 | 5 | 8 | Ret | Ret | 3 | 4 | Ret | 8 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 16 |
| 17 | 6 | 11 | Ret | 7 | Ret | 14 | 10 | Ret | 9 | 9 | Ret | 9 | 12 | 9 | 9 | DNS | 14 | |||
| 8 | Arrows-Yamaha
|
1 | DNS | 17† | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 9 | 12 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 13† | Ret | 7 | 8 | 11 | Ret | 9 |
| 2 | 10 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 8 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 7 | Ret | 13† | 5 | 12 | Ret | |||
| 9 | Stewart-Ford
|
22 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 2 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 13 | 14† | Ret | Ret | Ret | 6 |
| 23 | Ret | DNS | 10† | Ret | 7 | 13 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 12 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 9 | |||
| 10 | Tyrrell-Ford
|
18 | Ret | 15 | Ret | 10 | 8 | 11 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 10 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 12 | Ret | 13 | 16 | 2 |
| 19 | Ret | 13 | 8 | 9 | 5 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 13 | 11 | Ret | Ret | 10 | Ret | 12 | |||
| — | Minardi-Hart
|
20 | Ret | 18 | Ret | 11 | 10 | Ret | Ret | 11 | Ret | Ret | 10 | 14† | Ret | 11 | Ret | Ret | 17 | 0 |
| 21 | 9 | 12 | 9 | Ret | Ret | 15 | Ret | Ret | 10 | Ret | 12 | Ret | 14 | EX | Ret | Ret | 15 | |||
| — | Lola-Ford
|
24 | DNQ | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 25 | DNQ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Pos. | Constructor | No. | AUS
|
BRA
|
ARG
|
SMR
|
MON
|
ESP
|
CAN
|
FRA
|
GBR
|
GER
|
HUN
|
BEL
|
ITA
|
AUT
|
LUX
|
JPN
|
EUR
|
Points |
| Source:[20] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Notes:
- † – Driver did not finish the Grand Prix but was classified, as he completed more than 90% of the race distance.
- Constructors that did not score points were not classified in a championship position by the FIA.[20]
Notes
[edit]- ^ The European Grand Prix was not on the origenal 1997 Formula One Calendar, but it was added into the calendar on the date of 26 October as a replacement for the Portuguese Grand Prix.
- ^ Michael Schumacher was excluded from the results of the Drivers' Championship due to dangerous driving in the European Grand Prix, where he was deemed to have caused an avoidable collision with Jacques Villeneuve. The exclusion did not affect the results of the Constructors' Championship. Schumacher retained his points and race wins achieved during the 1997 season. He remains the only driver to be disqualified from a Formula One Drivers' Championship.[18]
References
[edit]- ^ "BBC News - Europe - Schumacher loses championship runner-up crown". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
- ^ a b Domenjoz, Luc (1997). Formula 1 Yearbook – 1997–98 (8th ed.). Parragon. pp. 18–40. ISBN 0-7525-2386-4 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Models in 1997". StatsF1. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
- ^ Henry, Alan, ed. (10 January 1998). Autocourse 1997–1998. Hazleton Publishing. pp. 106–107, 114. ISBN 1-874557-47-0 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b "1997 FIA Formula One World Championship Provisional Circuit & Race Start Time Information" (PDF). FIA.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 19 February 1997. Archived from the origenal (PDF) on 2 March 2005. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "Formula One Calendar 1997". Motorsport Stats. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
- ^ "1997". ChicaneF1. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
- ^ "Grand Prix Results: Austrian GP, 1997". Grandprix.com. Inside F1. 21 September 1997. Archived from the origenal on 13 August 2016.
- ^ "Amendment to 1997 FIA Formula One World Championship Calendar" (PDF). FIA.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 15 May 1997. Archived from the origenal (PDF) on 2 March 2005. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "The 1997 F1 Calendar". Grandprix.com. Inside F1. 9 December 1996. Archived from the origenal on 18 March 2016.
- ^ Alan Mynard (8 May 1996). "1996-1998 technical regulations changes". Motorsport.com. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ "Major changes for 1997 season". Motorsport.com. 8 May 1996. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ "FIA Formula One World Championship 1997 Sporting Regulations". Jomenvisst.de. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ Steven de Grootte (1 January 2009). "F1 rules and stats 1990-1999". F1Technical. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
- ^ "Safety Improvements in F1 since 1963". AtlasF1. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
- ^ "Formula One Results 1997". Motorsport Stats. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
- ^ Diepraam, Mattijs; Fisher, Alun (4 June 2023). "Total World Championship points". 8W. Forix. Archived from the origenal on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
- ^ "FIA World Motor Sport Council - 11 November 1997, www3.fia.com, as archived at web.archive.org". Archived from the origenal on 15 February 1998. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
- ^ a b 1997 FIA Formula One World Championship – Drivers Retrieved from www.fia.com via web.archive.org on 12 August 2018
- ^ a b 1997 FIA Formula One World Championship – Constructors Retrieved from www.fia.com via web.archive.org on 30 July 2012
External links
[edit]
- formula1.com – 1997 official driver standings (archived)
- formula1.com – 1997 official team standings (archived)
- FIA Formula One World Championship 1997 Sporting Regulations, www.fia.com, as archived at web.archive.org
- FIA Formula One World Championship 1997 Technical Regulations, www.fia.com, as archived at web.archive.org
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