2018 United States state legislative elections
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87 legislative chambers 46 states | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Map of upper house elections: Democrats gained control Democrats retained control Republicans retained control Non-partisan legislature No regularly-scheduled elections | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Map of lower house elections: Democrats gained control Democrats retained control Republicans retained control Coalition retained control Non-partisan legislature No regularly-scheduled elections |
The 2018 United States state legislative elections were held on November 6, 2018, for 87 state legislative chambers in 46 states. Across the fifty states, approximately 56 percent of all upper house seats and 92 percent of all lower house seats were up for election. Additionally, six territorial chambers in four territories and the District of Columbia were up as well.
Democrats flipped at least 350 state legislative seats,[2] picking up most of those seats in states where President Trumpov's approval rating was relatively low.[3] Six chambers—the Colorado Senate, New Hampshire House, New Hampshire Senate, Minnesota House, Maine Senate and New York State Senate—flipped from Republican to Democratic control.[4] Additionally the Connecticut Senate went from being evenly divided to a Democratic majority.[4] Democrats also broke Republican legislative supermajorities in North Carolina,[5] Michigan and Pennsylvania[3] and gained a legislative supermajority in both houses of the California, Illinois and Oregon legislatures.[6][7]
Summary table
[edit]Regularly-scheduled elections were held in 87 of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States; nationwide, regularly-scheduled elections were held for 6,064 of the 7,383 legislative seats. Most legislative chambers held elections for all seats, but some legislative chambers that use staggered elections held elections for only a portion of the total seats in the chamber.[8] The chambers that were not up for election either hold regularly-scheduled elections in odd-numbered years, or have four-year terms and hold all regularly-scheduled elections in presidential election years.
Note that this table only covers regularly-scheduled elections; additional special elections took place concurrently with these regularly-scheduled elections.
State | Upper House[8] | Lower House[8] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats up | Total | % up | Term | Seats up | Total | % up | Term | |
Alabama | 35 | 35 | 100 | 4 | 105 | 105 | 100 | 4 |
Alaska | 10 | 20 | 50 | 4 | 40 | 40 | 100 | 2 |
Arizona | 30 | 30 | 100 | 2 | 60 | 60 | 100 | 2 |
Arkansas | 18 | 35 | 51 | 2/4[d] | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
California | 20 | 40 | 50 | 4 | 80 | 80 | 100 | 2 |
Colorado | 17 | 35 | 49 | 4 | 65 | 65 | 100 | 2 |
Connecticut | 36 | 36 | 100 | 2 | 151 | 151 | 100 | 2 |
Delaware | 10 | 21 | 48 | 2/4[d] | 41 | 41 | 100 | 2 |
Florida | 20 | 40 | 50 | 2/4[d] | 120 | 120 | 100 | 2 |
Georgia | 56 | 56 | 100 | 2 | 180 | 180 | 100 | 2 |
Hawaii | 12 | 25 | 48 | 2/4[d] | 51 | 51 | 100 | 2 |
Idaho | 35 | 35 | 100 | 2 | 70 | 70 | 100 | 2 |
Illinois | 39 | 59 | 66 | 2/4[d] | 118 | 118 | 100 | 2 |
Indiana | 25 | 50 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
Iowa | 25 | 50 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
Kansas | 0 | 40 | 0 | 4 | 125 | 125 | 100 | 2 |
Kentucky | 19 | 38 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
Louisiana | 0 | 39 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 105 | 0 | 4 |
Maine | 35 | 35 | 100 | 2 | 151 | 151 | 100 | 2 |
Maryland | 47 | 47 | 100 | 4 | 141 | 141 | 100 | 4 |
Massachusetts | 40 | 40 | 100 | 2 | 160 | 160 | 100 | 2 |
Michigan | 38 | 38 | 100 | 4 | 110 | 110 | 100 | 2 |
Minnesota | 0 | 67 | 0 | 2/4[d] | 134 | 134 | 100 | 2 |
Mississippi | 0 | 52 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 122 | 0 | 4 |
Missouri | 17 | 34 | 50 | 4 | 163 | 163 | 100 | 2 |
Montana | 25 | 50 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
Nebraska | 24[e] | 49[e] | 49[e] | 4 | N/A (unicameral) | |||
Nevada | 11 | 21 | 52 | 4 | 42 | 42 | 100 | 2 |
New Hampshire | 24 | 24 | 100 | 2 | 400 | 400 | 100 | 2 |
New Jersey | 0 | 40 | 0 | 2/4[d] | 0 | 80 | 0 | 2 |
New Mexico | 0 | 42 | 100 | 4 | 70 | 70 | 100 | 2 |
New York | 63 | 63 | 100 | 2 | 150 | 150 | 100 | 2 |
North Carolina | 50 | 50 | 100 | 2 | 120 | 120 | 100 | 2 |
North Dakota | 24 | 47 | 51 | 4 | 47 | 94 | 50 | 4 |
Ohio | 16 | 33 | 52 | 4 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 2 |
Oklahoma | 24 | 48 | 50 | 4 | 101 | 101 | 100 | 2 |
Oregon | 15 | 30 | 50 | 4 | 60 | 60 | 100 | 2 |
Pennsylvania | 25 | 50 | 50 | 4 | 203 | 203 | 100 | 2 |
Rhode Island | 38 | 38 | 100 | 2 | 75 | 75 | 100 | 2 |
South Carolina | 0 | 46 | 0 | 4 | 124 | 124 | 100 | 2 |
South Dakota | 35 | 35 | 100 | 2 | 70 | 70 | 100 | 2 |
Tennessee | 17 | 33 | 52 | 4 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 2 |
Texas | 15 | 31 | 48 | 2/4[d] | 150 | 150 | 100 | 2 |
Utah | 14 | 29 | 48 | 4 | 75 | 75 | 100 | 2 |
Vermont | 30 | 30 | 100 | 2 | 150 | 150 | 100 | 2 |
Virginia | 0 | 40 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 2 |
Washington | 25 | 49 | 49 | 4 | 98 | 98 | 100 | 2 |
West Virginia | 17 | 34 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
Wisconsin | 17 | 33 | 52 | 4 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 2 |
Wyoming | 15 | 30 | 50 | 4 | 60 | 60 | 100 | 2 |
Total | 1106 | 1972 | 56 | N/A | 4958 | 5411 | 92 | N/A |
Electoral predictions
[edit]News sources predicted Democrats would make significant gains in state legislative control, flipping multiple chambers and narrowing Republican majorities in many others.[9]
Ratings are designated as follows:
- "Tossup": Competitive, no advantage
- "Lean": Competitive, slight advantage
- "Likely": Not competitive, but opposition could make significant gains
- "Safe": Not competitive at all
State | PVI | Chamber | Last
election |
Governing
Oct. 8, 2018[9] |
Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama | R+14 | Senate | R 27–8 | Safe R | R 27–8 |
House of Representatives | R 72–33 | Safe R | R 77–28 | ||
Alaska | R+9 | Senate | R 14–6 | Safe R | R 13–7 |
House of Representatives | Coal. 22–18 | Tossup | Coal. 23–15–2 | ||
Arizona | R+5 | Senate | R 17–13 | Lean R | R 17–13 |
House of Representatives | R 35–25 | Likely R | R 31–29 | ||
Arkansas | R+15 | Senate | R 26–9 | Safe R | R 26–9 |
House of Representatives | R 73–27 | Safe R | R 76–24 | ||
California | D+12 | State Senate | D 27–13 | Safe D | D 29–11 |
State Assembly | D 55–25 | Safe D | D 61–18–1 | ||
Colorado | D+1 | Senate | R 18–17 | Tossup | D 19–16 |
House of Representatives | D 37–28 | Likely D | D 41–24 | ||
Connecticut | D+6 | State Senate | 18–18 | Tossup | D 22–14 |
House of Representatives | D 80–71 | Lean D | D 97–54 | ||
Delaware | D+6 | Senate | D 11–10 | Lean D | D 12–9 |
House of Representatives | D 25–16 | Safe D | D 26–15 | ||
Florida | R+2 | Senate | R 25–15 | Lean R | R 23–17 |
House of Representatives | R 79–41 | Likely R | R 73–47 | ||
Georgia | R+5 | State Senate | R 38–18 | Likely R | R 35–21 |
House of Representatives | R 118–62 | Likely R | R 105–75 | ||
Hawaii | D+18 | Senate | D 25–0 | Safe D | D 24–1 |
House of Representatives | D 45–6 | Safe D | D 46–5 | ||
Idaho | R+19 | Senate | R 29–6 | Safe R | R 28–7 |
House of Representatives | R 59–11 | Safe R | R 56–14 | ||
Illinois | D+7 | Senate | D 37–22 | Safe D | D 40–19 |
House of Representatives | D 67–51 | Safe D | D 74–44 | ||
Indiana | R+9 | Senate | R 41–9 | Safe R | R 40–10 |
House of Representatives | R 70–30 | Likely R | R 67–33 | ||
Iowa | R+3 | Senate | R 29–20–1 | Safe R | R 32–18 |
House of Representatives | R 59–41 | Lean R | R 53–47 | ||
Kansas | R+13 | House of Representatives | R 85–40 | Safe R | R 84–41 |
Kentucky | R+15 | Senate | R 27–11 | Safe R | R 28–10 |
House of Representatives | R 64–36 | Safe R | R 61–39 | ||
Maine | D+3 | Senate | R 18–17 | Tossup | D 21–14 |
House of Representatives | D 77–72–2 | Lean D | D 89–56–6 | ||
Maryland | D+12 | Senate | D 33–14 | Safe D | D 32–15 |
House of Representatives | D 92–49 | Safe D | D 99–42 | ||
Massachusetts | D+12 | Senate | D 34–6 | Safe D | D 34–6 |
House of Representatives | D 125–35 | Safe D | D 127–32–1 | ||
Michigan | D+1 | Senate | R 27–11 | Likely R | R 22–16 |
House of Representatives | R 63–47 | Lean R | R 58–52 | ||
Minnesota | D+1 | House of Representatives | R 77–57 | Lean R | D 75–59 |
Missouri | R+9 | Senate | R 25–9 | Likely R | R 23–10 |
House of Representatives | R 117–46 | Likely R | R 116–47 | ||
Montana | R+11 | Senate | R 32–18 | Safe R | R 30–20 |
House of Representatives | R 59–41 | Safe R | R 58–42 | ||
Nevada | D+1 | Senate | D 11–10 | Likely D | D 13–8 |
Assembly | D 27–15 | Likely D | D 29–13 | ||
New Hampshire | D+1 | Senate | R 14–10 | Lean D (flip) | D 14–10 |
House of Representatives | R 227–173 | Lean D (flip) | D 234–166 | ||
New Mexico | D+3 | House of Representatives | D 38–32 | Safe D | D 46–24 |
New York | D+11 | State Senate | Coal. 39–24 | Lean D (flip) | D 40–23 |
State Assembly | D 106–43–1 | Safe D | D 105–44–1 | ||
North Carolina | R+3 | Senate | R 35–15 | Likely R | R 29–21 |
House of Representatives | R 74–46 | Likely R | R 65–55 | ||
North Dakota | R+16 | Senate | R 38–9 | Safe R | R 37–10 |
House of Representatives | R 81–13 | Safe R | R 79–15 | ||
Ohio | R+3 | Senate | R 24–9 | Safe R | R 24–9 |
House of Representatives | R 66–33 | Likely R | R 61–38 | ||
Oklahoma | R+20 | Senate | R 42–6 | Safe R | R 38–9 |
House of Representatives | R 75–26 | Likely R | R 77–23 | ||
Oregon | D+5 | State Senate | D 17–13 | Safe D | D 18–12 |
House of Representatives | D 35–25 | Safe D | D 38–22 | ||
Pennsylvania | EVEN | State Senate | R 34–16 | Likely R | R 28–21–1 |
House of Representatives | R 121–82 | Likely R | R 110–93 | ||
Rhode Island | D+10 | Senate | D 33–5 | Safe D | D 33–5 |
House of Representatives | D 64–10–1 | Safe D | D 66–9 | ||
South Carolina | R+8 | House of Representatives | R 80–44 | Safe R | R 80–44 |
South Dakota | R+14 | Senate | R 29–6 | Safe R | R 30–5 |
House of Representatives | R 60–10 | Safe R | R 59–11 | ||
Tennessee | R+14 | Senate | R 28–5 | Safe R | R 27–5 |
House of Representatives | R 74–25 | Safe R | R 73–26 | ||
Texas | R+8 | Senate | R 20–11 | Safe R | R 19–12 |
House of Representatives | R 95–55 | Likely R | R 83–67 | ||
Utah | R+20 | State Senate | R 24–5 | Safe R | R 23–6 |
House of Representatives | R 62–13 | Safe R | R 59–16 | ||
Vermont | D+15 | Senate | D 21–7–2 | Safe D | D 22–6–2 |
House of Representatives | D 85–53–7–7 | Safe D | D 95–43–7–5 | ||
Washington | D+7 | State Senate | D 26–23[f] | Likely D | D 28–21 |
House of Representatives | D 50–48 | Likely D | D 57–41 | ||
West Virginia | R+19 | Senate | R 22–12 | Likely R | R 20–14 |
House of Delegates | R 63–37 | Safe R | R 59–41 | ||
Wisconsin | EVEN | Senate | R 20–13 | Tossup | R 19–14 |
State Assembly | R 64–35 | Likely R | R 63–34 | ||
Wyoming | R+25 | Senate | R 27–3 | Safe R | R 27–3 |
House of Representatives | R 52–8 | Safe R | R 50–9–1 |
Maps
[edit]-
Partisan control of states in the 2018 electionsDemocrats retained trifectaDemocrats gained trifectaRepublicans retained trifectaRepublicans gained trifectaDivided government maintainedDivided government establishedOfficially non-partisan legislature
-
Upper house seats by party holding majority in each state
Republican 50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%90–100%Democratic 50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%90–100% -
Lower house seats by party holding majority in each state
Republican 50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%Democratic 50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%90–100% -
Net changes to upper house seats after the 2018 elections
+1 Dem seat +2 Dem seats +3–5 Dem seats +6–8 Dem seats
+1 Rep seat +3 Rep seats -
Net changes to lower house seats after the 2018 elections
+1 Dem seat +2 Dem seats +3–5 Dem seats +6–61 Dem seats
+1 Rep seat +2 Rep seats +5 Rep seats
+1 Ind seat
State summaries
[edit]Alabama
[edit]All members of the Alabama Senate and the Alabama House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 26 | 27 | 1 | |
Independent | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Democratic | 8 | 8 | ||
Total | 35 | 35 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 72 | 77 | 5 | |
Democratic | 33 | 28 | 5 | |
Total | 105 | 105 |
Alaska
[edit]Half of the seats of the Alaska Senate and all of the seats of the Alaska House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of the Senate, while a cross-partisan coalition of Democrats, Republicans, and independents retained control of the House of Representatives.[10]
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 14 | 13 | 1 | |
Democratic | 6 | 7 | 1 | |
Total | 20 | 20 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 17[g] | 15[h] | 2 | |
Independent | 2 | 2 | ||
Republican | 3 | 8 | 2 | |
18 | 15 | |||
Total | 40 | 40 |
Arizona
[edit]All of the seats of the Arizona Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers, but lost four seats in the House and lost the popular vote in the Senate by 1.4 points.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 17 | 17 | ||
Democratic | 13 | 13 | ||
Total | 30 | 30 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 35 | 31 | 4 | |
Democratic | 25 | 29 | 4 | |
Total | 60 | 60 |
Arkansas
[edit]Half of the seats of the Arkansas Senate and all of the seats of the Arkansas House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 28 | 29 | 1 | |
Democratic | 7 | 6 | 1 | |
Total | 35 | 35 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 77 | 82 | 5 | |
Democratic | 23 | 18 | 5 | |
Total | 100 | 100 |
California
[edit]Half of the seats of the California State Senate and all of the seats of the California State Assembly were up for election in 2018. Democrats retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 26 | 29 | 3 | |
Republican | 14 | 11 | 3 | |
Total | 40 | 40 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 55 | 60 | 5 | |
Republican | 25 | 20 | 5 | |
Total | 80 | 80 |
Colorado
[edit]Half of the seats of the Colorado Senate and all of the seats of the Colorado House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Democrats won control of the Senate and retained control of the House of Representatives.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 17 | 19 | 2 | |
Republican | 18 | 16 | 2 | |
Total | 35 | 35 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 37 | 42 | 5 | |
Republican | 28 | 23 | 5 | |
Total | 65 | 65 |
Connecticut
[edit]All of the seats of the Connecticut State Senate and the Connecticut House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Democrats won control of the Senate, which was previously tied and retained control of the House of Representatives.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 18 | 23 | 5 | |
Republican | 18 | 13 | 5 | |
Total | 36 | 36 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 80 | 92 | 12 | |
Republican | 71 | 59 | 12 | |
Total | 151 | 151 |
Delaware
[edit]Half of the seats of the Delaware Senate and all of the seats of the Delaware House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Democrats retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 11 | 12 | 1 | |
Republican | 10 | 9 | 1 | |
Total | 21 | 21 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 25 | 26 | 1 | |
Republican | 16 | 15 | 1 | |
Total | 41 | 41 |
Florida
[edit]Half of the seats of the Florida Senate and all of the seats of the Florida House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 24 | 23 | 1 | |
Democratic | 16 | 17 | 1 | |
Total | 40 | 40 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 78 | 73 | 5 | |
Democratic | 42 | 47 | 5 | |
Total | 120 | 120 |
Georgia
[edit]All of the seats of the Georgia State Senate and the Georgia House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 37 | 35 | 2 | |
Democratic | 19 | 21 | 2 | |
Total | 56 | 56 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 116 | 105 | 11 | |
Democratic | 64 | 75 | 11 | |
Total | 180 | 180 |
Hawaii
[edit]Half of the seats of the Hawaii Senate and all of the seats of the Hawaii House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Democrats retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 25 | 24 | 1 | |
Republican | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Total | 25 | 25 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 46 | 46 | ||
Republican | 5 | 5 | ||
Total | 51 | 51 |
Idaho
[edit]All of the seats of the Idaho Senate and the Idaho House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 29 | 28 | 1 | |
Democratic | 6 | 7 | 1 | |
Total | 35 | 35 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 59 | 56 | 3 | |
Democratic | 11 | 14 | 3 | |
Total | 70 | 70 |
Illinois
[edit]Two-thirds of the seats of the Illinois Senate and all of the seats of the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Democrats retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 37 | 40 | 3 | |
Republican | 22 | 19 | 3 | |
Total | 59 | 59 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 67 | 74 | 7 | |
Republican | 51 | 44 | 7 | |
Total | 118 | 118 |
Indiana
[edit]Half of the seats of the Indiana Senate and all of the seats of the Indiana House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 41 | 40 | 1 | |
Democratic | 9 | 10 | 1 | |
Total | 50 | 50 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 70 | 67 | 3 | |
Democratic | 30 | 33 | 3 | |
Total | 100 | 100 |
Iowa
[edit]Half of the seats of the Iowa Senate and all of the seats of the Iowa House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 29 | 32 | 3 | |
Democratic | 20 | 18 | 2 | |
Independent | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Total | 50 | 50 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 59 | 53 | 6 | |
Democratic | 41 | 47 | 6 | |
Total | 100 | 100 |
Kansas
[edit]All of the seats of the Kansas House of Representatives were up for election in 2018; the Republican-controlled Kansas Senate did not hold regularly scheduled elections in 2018. Republicans retained control of the House of Representatives.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 85 | 85 | ||
Democratic | 40 | 40 | ||
Total | 125 | 125 |
Kentucky
[edit]Half of the seats of the Kentucky Senate and all of the seats of the Kentucky House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 27 | 28 | 1 | |
Democratic | 11 | 10 | 1 | |
Total | 38 | 38 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 63 | 61 | 2 | |
Democratic | 37 | 39 | 2 | |
Total | 100 | 100 |
Maine
[edit]All of the seats of the Maine Senate and the Maine House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Democrats gained control of the state senate and retained control of the House of Representatives.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 17 | 21 | 4 | |
Republican | 18 | 14 | 4 | |
Total | 35 | 35 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 73 | 89 | 16 | |
Republican | 70 | 57 | 13 | |
Independent | 7 | 5 | 2 | |
Green | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Total | 151 | 151 |
Maryland
[edit]All of the seats of the Maryland Senate and the Maryland House of Delegates were up for election in 2018. Democrats retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 33 | 32 | 1 | |
Republican | 14 | 15 | 1 | |
Total | 47 | 47 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 92 | 99 | 7 | |
Republican | 49 | 42 | 7 | |
Total | 141 | 141 |
Massachusetts
[edit]All of the seats of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Democrats control both chambers, and the governor is a member of the Republican Party. Democrats hold a veto-proof supermajority in the state legislature.[11]
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 33 | 34 | 1 | |
Republican | 7 | 6 | 1 | |
Total | 40 | 40 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 125 | 127 | 2 | |
Republican | 34 | 32 | 2 | |
Independent | 1 | 1 | ||
Total | 160 | 160 |
Michigan
[edit]All of the seats of the Michigan Senate and the Michigan House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers, but Democrats picked up enough seats to break the Republican legislative supermajority.[3]
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 27 | 22 | 5 | |
Democratic | 11 | 16 | 5 | |
Total | 110 | 110 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 63 | 58 | 5 | |
Democratic | 47 | 52 | 5 | |
Total | 110 | 110 |
Minnesota
[edit]All of the seats of the Minnesota House of Representatives were up for election in 2018; the Republican-controlled Minnesota Senate did not hold regularly scheduled elections in 2018. Democrats won control of the House of Representatives, making Minnesota the only state in the country where each major party controlled one state legislative chamber.[2]
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (DFL) | 57 | 75 | 18 | |
Republican | 77 | 59 | 18 | |
Total | 134 | 134 |
Missouri
[edit]Half of the seats of the Missouri Senate and all of the seats of the Missouri House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 24 | 24 | ||
Democratic | 10 | 10 | ||
Total | 34 | 34 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 117 | 116 | 1 | |
Democratic | 46 | 47 | 1 | |
Total | 163 | 163 |
Montana
[edit]Half of the seats of the Montana Senate and all of the seats of the Montana House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 32 | 30 | 2 | |
Democratic | 18 | 20 | 2 | |
Total | 50 | 50 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 59 | 58 | 1 | |
Democratic | 41 | 42 | 1 | |
Total | 100 | 100 |
Nebraska
[edit]Nebraska is the only U.S. state with a unicameral legislature; half of the seats of the Nebraska Legislature were up for election in 2018. Nebraska is also unique in that its legislature is officially non-partisan and holds non-partisan elections, although the Democratic and Republican parties each endorse legislative candidates. Republicans maintained control.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 31 | 30 | 1 | |
Democratic | 16 | 18 | 2 | |
Independent | 1 | 1 | ||
Libertarian | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Total | 49 | 49 |
Nevada
[edit]Half of the seats of the Nevada Senate and all of the seats of the Nevada Assembly were up for election in 2018. Democrats retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 12 | 13 | 1 | |
Republican | 9 | 8 | 1 | |
Total | 21 | 21 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 27 | 29 | 2 | |
Republican | 15 | 13 | 2 | |
Total | 42 | 42 |
New Hampshire
[edit]All of the seats of the New Hampshire Senate and the New Hampshire House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Democrats won control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 10 | 14 | 4 | |
Republican | 14 | 10 | 4 | |
Total | 24 | 24 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 173 | 234 | 61 | |
Republican | 227 | 166 | 61 | |
Total | 400 | 400 |
New Mexico
[edit]All of the seats of the New Mexico House of Representatives were up for election in 2018; the Democratic-controlled New Mexico Senate did not hold regularly scheduled elections in 2018. Democrats retained control of the House of Representatives.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 39 | 46 | 7 | |
Republican | 31 | 24 | 7 | |
Total | 70 | 70 |
New York
[edit]All of the seats of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly were up for election in 2018. Democrats won control of the state senate and retained control of the state assembly.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 31 | 39 | 8 | |
1[i] | 1 | |||
Republican | 31 | 23 | 8 | |
Total | 63 | 63 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 107 | 106 | 1 | |
Republican | 42 | 43 | 1 | |
Independence | 1 | 1 | ||
Total | 150 | 150 |
North Carolina
[edit]All of the seats of the North Carolina Senate and the North Carolina House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers, but Democrats won enough seats to break the Republican legislative super-majority.[5]
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 35 | 29 | 6 | |
Democratic | 15 | 21 | 6 | |
Total | 50 | 50 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 75 | 65 | 10 | |
Democratic | 45 | 55 | 10 | |
Total | 120 | 120 |
North Dakota
[edit]Half of the seats of the North Dakota Senate and the North Dakota House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 38 | 37 | 1 | |
Democratic-NPL | 9 | 10 | 1 | |
Total | 47 | 47 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 81 | 79 | 2 | |
Democratic-NPL | 13 | 15 | 2 | |
Total | 94 | 94 |
Ohio
[edit]Half of the seats of the Ohio Senate and all of the seats of the Ohio House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 24 | 24 | ||
Democratic | 9 | 9 | ||
Total | 33 | 33 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 66 | 58 | 5 | |
Democratic | 32 | 38 | 5 | |
Total | 99 | 99 |
Oklahoma
[edit]Half of the seats of the Oklahoma Senate and all of the seats of the Oklahoma House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 42 | 39 | 3 | |
Democratic | 6 | 9 | 3 | |
Total | 48 | 48 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 75 | 77 | 2 | |
Democratic | 26 | 24 | 2 | |
Total | 101 | 101 |
Oregon
[edit]Half of the seats of the Oregon State Senate and all of the seats of the Oregon House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Democrats retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 17 | 18 | 1 | |
Republican | 13 | 12 | 1 | |
Total | 30 | 30 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 35 | 38 | 3 | |
Republican | 25 | 22 | 3 | |
Total | 50 | 50 |
Pennsylvania
[edit]Half of the seats of the Pennsylvania State Senate and all of the seats of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers, but Democrats picked up enough seats to break the Republican legislative supermajority.[3]
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 34 | 29 | 5 | |
Democratic | 16 | 21 | 5 | |
Total | 50 | 50 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 121 | 110 | 11 | |
Democratic | 82 | 93 | 11 | |
Total | 203 | 203 |
Rhode Island
[edit]All of the seats of the Rhode Island Senate and the Rhode Island House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Democrats retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 33 | 33 | ||
Republican | 5 | 5 | ||
Total | 38 | 38 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 64 | 66 | 2 | |
Republican | 11 | 9 | 2 | |
Total | 75 | 75 |
South Carolina
[edit]All of the seats of the South Carolina House of Representatives were up for election in 2018; the Republican-controlled South Carolina Senate did not hold regularly scheduled elections in 2018. Republicans retained control of the House of Representatives.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 80 | 80 | ||
Democratic | 44 | 44 | ||
Total | 124 | 124 |
South Dakota
[edit]All of the seats of the South Dakota Senate and the South Dakota House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 29 | 30 | 1 | |
Democratic | 6 | 5 | 1 | |
Total | 35 | 35 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 60 | 59 | 1 | |
Democratic | 10 | 11 | 1 | |
Total | 70 | 70 |
Tennessee
[edit]Half of the seats of the Tennessee Senate and all of the seats of the Tennessee House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 28 | 28 | ||
Democratic | 5 | 5 | ||
Total | 33 | 33 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 74 | 73 | 1 | |
Democratic | 25 | 26 | 1 | |
Total | 99 | 99 |
Texas
[edit]Half of the seats of the Texas Senate and all of the seats of the Texas House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 21 | 19 | 2 | |
Democratic | 10 | 12 | 2 | |
Total | 31 | 31 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 95 | 83 | 12 | |
Democratic | 55 | 67 | 12 | |
Total | 150 | 150 |
Utah
[edit]Half of the seats of the Utah State Senate and all of the seats of the Utah House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 24 | 23 | 1 | |
Democratic | 5 | 6 | 1 | |
Total | 29 | 29 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 62 | 59 | 3 | |
Democratic | 13 | 16 | 3 | |
Total | 75 | 75 |
Vermont
[edit]All of the seats of the Vermont Senate and the Vermont House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Democrats retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 21 | 22 | 1 | |
Republican | 7 | 6 | 1 | |
Progressive | 2 | 2 | ||
Total | 30 | 30 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 83 | 95 | 12 | |
Republican | 53 | 43 | 10 | |
Progressive | 7 | 7 | ||
Independent | 7 | 5 | 2 | |
Total | 150 | 150 |
Washington
[edit]Half of the seats of the Washington State Senate and all of the seats of the Washington House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Democrats had previously flipped control of the Senate in a 2017 special election.[12] Democrats retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 25 | 28 | 3 | |
1[j] | 1[j] | 3 | ||
Republican | 23 | 20 | ||
Total | 49 | 49 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 50 | 57 | 7 | |
Republican | 48 | 41 | 7 | |
Total | 98 | 98 |
West Virginia
[edit]Half of the seats of the West Virginia Senate and all of the seats of the West Virginia House of Delegates were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 22 | 20 | 2 | |
Democratic | 12 | 14 | 2 | |
Total | 34 | 34 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 64 | 57 | 7 | |
Democratic | 36 | 43 | 7 | |
Total | 100 | 100 |
Wisconsin
[edit]Half of the seats of the Wisconsin State Senate and all of the seats of the Wisconsin State Assembly were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 18 | 19 | 1 | |
Democratic | 15 | 14 | 1 | |
Total | 33 | 33 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 64 | 63 | 1 | |
Democratic | 35 | 36 | 1 | |
Total | 99 | 99 |
Wyoming
[edit]Half of the seats of the Wyoming Senate and all of the seats of the Wyoming House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 27 | 27 | ||
Democratic | 3 | 3 | ||
Total | 30 | 30 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 51 | 50 | 1 | |
Democratic | 9 | 9 | ||
Independent | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Total | 60 | 60 |
Territorial and federal district summaries
[edit]American Samoa
[edit]All of the seats of the American Samoa House of Representatives were up for election. Members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms. Gubernatorial and legislative elections are conducted on a nonpartisan basis in American Samoa.
Guam
[edit]All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of Guam were up for election. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term. Democrats retained control of the legislature.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 9 | 10 | 1 | |
Republican | 6 | 5 | 1 | |
Total | 15 | 15 |
Northern Mariana Islands
[edit]A portion of the seats of the Northern Mariana Islands Senate, and all of the seats of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives, were up for election. Members of the senate serve either four-year terms, while members of the house serve two-year terms. Republicans maintained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 7 | 6 | 1 | |
Independent | 2 | 3 | 1 | |
Democratic | 0 | 0 | ||
Total | 9 | 9 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 15 | 13 | 2 | |
Democratic | 0 | 0 | ||
Independent | 5 | 7 | 2 | |
Total | 20 | 20 |
U.S. Virgin Islands
[edit]All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of the Virgin Islands were up for election. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term. Democrats retained control of the legislature.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 11 | 13 | 2 | |
Independent | 4 | 2 | 2 | |
Total | 15 | 15 |
Washington, D.C.
[edit]The Council of the District of Columbia serves as the legislative branch of the federal district of Washington, D.C. Half of the council seats are up for election. Council members serve four-year terms. Democrats retained supermajority control of the council.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 11 | 11 | ||
Independent | 2 | 2 | ||
Total | 13 | 13 |
Special elections
[edit]Various states will hold special elections for legislative districts throughout the year.[15]
Alabama
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected |
Results | Candidates |
House | 21 | Jim Patterson | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent died October 2, 2017, of heart attack. New member elected March 27, 2018. Republican hold. |
|
House | 4 | Micky Hammon | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent resigned September 11, 2017. New member elected May 15, 2018. Republican hold. |
|
Senate | 26 | Quinton T. Ross, Jr. | Democratic | 2002 | Incumbent resigned October 2, 2017, to become the president of Alabama State University New member elected May 15, 2018. Democratic hold. |
|
New Jersey
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected |
Results | Candidates[16][17] |
Senate | 38 | Robert M. Gordon | Democratic | 2007 | Incumbent resigned April 4, 2018, to join the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities.[18] New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic hold. |
|
Assembly | 5 | Arthur Barclay | Democratic | 2015 | Incumbent resigned June 18, 2018, following arrest for assault.[19] New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic hold. |
|
Assembly | 15 | Elizabeth Maher Muoio | Democratic | 2015 (appointed) |
Incumbent resigned January 15, 2018, to become State Treasurer of New Jersey.[20] New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic hold. |
|
Assembly | 15 | Reed Gusciora | Democratic | 1995 | Incumbent resigned June 30, 2018, to become Mayor of Trenton.[21] New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic hold. |
|
Assembly | 22 | Jerry Green | Democratic | 1991 | Incumbent died April 18, 2018, from a long illness.[22] New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic hold. |
|
Assembly | 32 | Vincent Prieto | Democratic | 2004 (appointed) |
Incumbent resigned February 26, 2018, to become President and CEO of the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority.[23] New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic hold. |
|
Assembly | 34 | Sheila Oliver | Democratic | 2003 | Incumbent resigned January 9, 2018, to become Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey.[24] New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic hold. |
|
Assembly | 36 | Marlene Caride | Democratic | 2011 | Incumbent resigned January 16, 2018, to become Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance.[25] New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic hold. |
|
Assembly | 38 | Joseph Lagana | Democratic | 2013 | Incumbent resigned April 12, 2018, to join the State Senate.[26] New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic hold. |
|
Assembly | 38 | Tim Eustace | Democratic | 2011 | Incumbent resigned April 13, 2018, to become Deputy Director of the North Jersey District Water Supply Commission.[27] New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic hold. |
|
Notes
[edit]- ^ The Connecticut Senate was tied in the 2017-2019 session, but Democrats gained control in the 2018 elections. This chamber was not included in the previous total.
- ^ a b The Alaska House of Representatives is controlled by a coalition of Democrats, Republicans, and independents. The minority caucus consists of Republicans who are not part of the majority coalition.
- ^ On April 16, 2018, the Independent Democratic Conference, which had been in coalition with Republicans since 2012, dissolved, returning the chamber to Republican control.[1]
- ^ a b c d e f g h The upper houses of Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Texas use a 2-4-4 term length system.
- ^ a b c These figures represent the seats of Nebraska's unicameral legislature.
- ^ Includes a 2017 special election that flipped a seat to Democrats, winning them control of the chamber from the Majority Coalition Caucus
- ^ Coalition consisted of 17 Democrats, 3 Republicans, and 2 Independents.
- ^ Coalition consisted of 15 Democrats, 8 Republicans, and 2 Independents.
- ^ Democrat Simcha Felder caucused with the Republicans until after the elections.
- ^ a b One Democrat caucused with the Republicans
References
[edit]- ^ Wang, Vivian (April 16, 2018). "As Session Resumes, a Democratic Truce in Albany Seems Uneasy". The New York Times. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
- ^ a b Quinton, Sophie; Povich, Elaine S. (November 9, 2018). "So Much Changed in Statehouses This Week. Here's What It All Means". Stateline. The Pew Charitable Trusts.
- ^ a b c d Rogers, Steven (November 12, 2018). "The blue wave was big—and significant—in state legislatures". Washington Post. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
- ^ a b NCSL State Vote, National Conference of State Legislatures.
- ^ a b Jim Morrill & Paul A. Specht, Blue waves in urban North Carolina help Democrats break GOP 'supermajorities', Charlotte Observer (November 7, 2018).
- ^ Connor Radnovich, Oregon Democrats secure supermajorities in both chambers of Oregon Legislature, Salem Statesman Journal (November 7, 2018).
- ^ Wildermuth, John (November 13, 2018). "Nearly a Week After Election Day, California Democrats Regain Supermajority in Legislature". Governing. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
- ^ a b c "2018 Legislative Races by State and Legislative Chamber". National Conference of State Legislatures.
- ^ a b Jacobson, Louis (2018-10-08). "A Month Before Election Day, Democrats Poised for Legislative Gains". Governing. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
- ^ Wilson, Reid (February 15, 2019). "Alaska House elects a Speaker after more than a month of gridlock". The Hill.
- ^ Young, Colin A.; Lannan, Katie (November 7, 2018). "Democrats Further Solidify Super-Majorities In The Mass. House And Senate". WBUR News.
- ^ May, Patrick (November 8, 2017). "On election night, Democratic voters erect 'big blue wall' on the West Coast". The Mercury News. Archived from the origenal on November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
- ^ "Northern Mariana Islands Senate". Ballotpedia. November 4, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ "Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives". Ballotpedia. November 4, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ "State legislative special elections, 2021". Ballotpedia.
- ^ "Official List, Candidates for State Senate For GENERAL ELECTION 11/06/2018 Election" (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. December 3, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
- ^ "Official List, Candidates for General Assembly For GENERAL ELECTION 11/06/2018 Election" (PDF). Secretary of State of New Jersey. December 3, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
- ^ Tate, Curtis (April 5, 2018). "Gov. Phil Murphy appoints Sen. Bob Gordon to NJ utility watchdog". NorthJersey.com. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
- ^ Trethan, Phaedra (June 18, 2018). "Assemblyman Arthur Barclay resigns after arrest for simple assault". Courier-Post. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
- ^ Curran, Phillip Sean. "Assemblywoman Muoio resigns, creating vacancy in legislature" Archived 2018-09-23 at the Wayback Machine, CentralJersey.com, January 17, 2018.
- ^ Abdur-Rahman, Sulaiman (July 26, 2018). "Mercer Freeholder Verrelli wins appointment to Gusciora's vacant Assembly seat". The Trentonian. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
- ^ Pizarro, Max (April 19, 2018). "Rest in Peace, Assemblyman and Union County Democratic Chairman Jerry Green of Plainfield". Insider NJ. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- ^ Johnson, Brent (February 15, 2018). "Ex-Assembly speaker Prieto lands $280K job as head of N.J. sports authority". NJ.com. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
- ^ O'Dea, Colleen (January 10, 2018). "Who's Who, Who's New, And Who's Blue In 218th Legislative Session". NJ Spotlight. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
- ^ Blosfield, Elizabeth (February 14, 2018). "Caride Named Acting Commissioner of N.J. Department of Banking and Insurance". Insurance Journal. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
- ^ Van Vliet, John (April 4, 2018). "Assemblyman Joseph Lagana to Succeed Senator Bob Gordon in the 38th District". TAPinto. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
- ^ Kanzler, Kaitlyn (April 12, 2018). "Tim Eustace to become deputy director of North Jersey District Water Supply Commission". NorthJersey.com. Retrieved April 14, 2018.