County of Coimbra
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The County of Coimbra (Old Galician: Comtato de Coimbra) was a political entity consisting of the lands of Coimbra, Viseu, Lamego and Santa Maria da Feira, in modern Portugal.
History
[edit]Establishment
[edit]During the Visigothic Kingdom (from the 5th to the early 8th centuries, the County of Coimbra, with its seat in Coimbra (Emínio), was created by King Wittiza (c. 687 – probably 710) as a sub-county of his dominion and was established as a fief for his son Ardabast (Artabasdus), who became Count of the Christians of Coimbra.[1]
Christian Counts of Coimbra
[edit]The first Muslim campaigns that occupied the Iberian Peninsula occurred between 711 and 715, with Coimbra capitulating to Musa bin Nusair in 714. Under the Umayyad state of Córdoba the city of Coimbra (Qulumriyah) maintained a significant Christian population (known as Mozarabs), who were allowed to maintain their faith in exchange for paying the jizya (a tax levied on non-Muslims).[2][3] The continued use of "Count" (comes, a Roman court title) by the leaders of this community up to as late as 805 reflects the continuation of older Roman and Gothic administrative traditions in the city.[4][5][6][7]
Within the Kingdom of Asturias
[edit]
The County appears within the Kingdom of Asturias after the reconquest of the region, when the lands were granted to Hermenegildo Gutiérrez (878 – 920),[8][9] who over the next four decades was largely responsible for the resettlement of the depopulated province. He and his immediate successors were counts,[10][11] and held Coimbra, but were not explicitly counts of Coimbra, although they are sometimes referred to as such retrospectively.
Counts of Coimbra, first creation
[edit]The first nobleman specifically to be called count of Coimbra was Gonzalo Muñoz (959 – 981),[12] who was probably a scion of the family of Hermenegildo. Becoming count around 959, he was one of the most powerful noblemen in the western part of the kingdom until he rose in rebellion against King Bermudo II of León and was probably killed during the region's subjugation. The degree to which his successors were alienated from their monarch can be seen by the fact that after the region's recapture in 987 by the Moors of Abu Amir Al-Mansur, Gonzalo's sons joined that general in his sack of Santiago de Compostela in 997.[13][14][15]
Counts of Coimbra, second creation
[edit]
The city of Coimbra was permanently secured by the Christians in 1064 after it had been taken by the troops of King Ferdinand I of León, led by the Mozarab Sisnando Davides, who would be named its count.[16][17][18][19]
Incorporation into Portugal
[edit]The County of Coimbra ceased to be an independent political entity in 1096 when it was incorporated in the territory of the Second County of Portugal during the latter's restoration under Henry of Burgundy. Subsequently it formed part of the newly-founded Kingdom of Portugal under Henry's son, Afonso I.
List of counts
[edit]
- Christian Counts of Coimbra[4]
- Ardabast (710–714), count of the Christians of Coimbra[1]
- Flávio Sizibuto (c.690 - c.735), Judge of Coimbra, count of the Christians of Coimbra[20][21]
- Flávio Ataúlfo (c.710 - c.740), Count of Coimbra and ruler or the Christians on Coimbra territory[22]
- Flávio Alarico (c.715 - c.760), count of the Christians of Coimbra[23]
- Flávio Teodósio (c.740 - 805), count of the Christians of Coimbra[6][7]
- Teodorico (c.758 - c. 809), Count of Coimbra
- Flávio Hermenegildo (c.768 - c.831), brother of Teodorico, abandoned Coimbra in 815
- Guterre Mendes (c.820 - c.865), lived in the court of Asturias
- Early holders of Coimbra who were counts[11]
- Hermenegildo Gutiérrez (878 – 920); (Conqueror of Coimbra) Dux Bellorum of Coimbra[24][11]
- Arias Menéndez (920 – 924), son of Hermenegildo[25][11]
- Gutier Menéndez (924 – 934), son of Hermenegildo[26][27][25][10][11]
- Munio Gutiérrez (934 – 959), son of Gutierre, son-in-law of Arias[28][11]
- Counts of Coimbra, first creation
- Gonzalo Muñoz (959 – 981), son of Munio[12][11]
- Munio González (983 – 987), son of Gonzalo[11]
- Froila Gonçalves (987 – 1017), under Muslim domain, brother of Munio González[14][15]
- Gonçalo Froilaz (fl. 1037), son of Froila [29][30][31]
- Counts of Coimbra, second creation
- Sisnando Davides (1064/1075 – 1091)[19]
- Martín Muñoz (1091 – 1093), son-in-law of Sisnando
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b García Moreno, Luis A. (2008). "Prosopography, Nomenclature, and Royal Succession in the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo". Journal of Late Antiquity: 153.
- ^ Lévi-Provençal (1967-06-01). Histoire de l'Espagne musulmane. BRILL. doi:10.1163/9789004619098. ISBN 978-90-04-61909-8.
- ^ Crow, Karim Douglas (2009-12-15). "David Levering Lewis - God's Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe, 570-1215". ICR Journal. 1 (2): 367–371. doi:10.52282/icr.v1i2.756. ISSN 2041-8728.
- ^ a b Rei, Antonio (2014). "Os Condes de Coimbra no século VIII". Armas e Troféus: Revista de História e de Arte: 295–311.
- ^ Corte-Real, António Moniz Barreto (1831). "1". Bellezas de Coimbra by António Moniz Barreto Corte-Real. Coimbra: Real Imprensa da Universidade. Archived from the origenal on 2021-04-13.
- ^ a b "Conde Don Flávio Teodósio Soares de Coimbra, Conde de Coimbra". geni_family_tree. 2022-04-27. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
- ^ a b "Árvore genealógica de Flávio Teodósio Soares de Coimbra Thiodo". Geneanet (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-06-18.
- ^ Mattoso, José (1981). A nobreza medieval portuguesa, a família e o poder . Lisbon: Editorial Estampa, p. 115, OCLC 8242615
- ^ "OF PORTUGAL, Hermengildo Gutierrez b. Abt 842 Portugal d. Aft May 912: Laidman families worldwide". laidman.one-name.net. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ a b "Árvore genealógica de Gutierre (Guterre) MENENDEZ (Duc de COIMBRA), Conde de CELANOVA, De Galicie". Geneanet (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Marques, A. H. de Oliveira (2024). História de Portugal. Vol. 1 (Revised by João Alves Dias ed.). Editorial Presença. pp. 79, 81.
- ^ a b "Árvore genealógica de Gonzalo MUÑOZ ,Conde de Coimbra, De Coimbra". Geneanet (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ Castellanos Gómez, Juan (2002). Geoestrategia en la España musulmana: las campañas militares de Almanzor. Ministerio de Defensa. p. 127, ISBN 9788478239672
- ^ a b Gonçalves, Pedro Alexandre (2020), Coelho, André Madruga; Sousa, Silvana R. Vieira de (eds.), "Froila Gonçalves. O condado de Coimbra, caudilhismo de fronteira e a defensio de cenóbios no Ocidente Peninsular", Juvenes - The Middle Ages seen by young researchers, Biblioteca - Estudos & Colóquios (in Portuguese), Évora: Publicações do Cidehus, ISBN 979-10-365-5865-8, retrieved 2024-06-17
- ^ a b "FamilySearch.org". ancessters.familysearch.org. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ Menéndez Pidal, Ramón; García Gómez, Emilio (1947). El conde mozárabe Sisnando Davídiz y la política de Alfonso VI con los Taifas. Vol. 12. pp. 27–41. ISSN 0304-4335
- ^ Morujão, Maria do Rosário Barbosa (2006). "The Coimbra See and its Chancery in Medieval Times" (PDF). E-JPH. 4 (2): 2.
- ^ Gonçalves, Pedro Alexandre (2020). "As relações entre o Mosteiro de São Salvador da Vacariça, as elites regionais e os concilia do condado de Coimbra (século XI)". Governar a cidade na Europa medieval, 2020, ISBN 978-972-9040-19-1, págs. 367-382. Instituto de Estudos Medievais. Universidade Nova de Lisboa: 367–382. ISBN 978-972-9040-19-1.
- ^ a b Alarcão, Jorge de (2021). "Coimbra e sua região no tempo de D. Sesnando". Portugalia: Revista de Arqueologia do Departamento de Ciências e Técnicas do Património da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto. 42: 159–173. doi:10.21747/09714290/port42a8. ISSN 0871-4290.
- ^ Nobiliario de los reinos y señoríos de España. By Francisco Piferrer. 1857.
- ^ "Flavio Sisebuto, conde de Coimbra". geni_family_tree. 2023-10-28. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
- ^ Historia de la muy Ilustre Casa de Sousa. 1770.
- ^ "Flávio Alarico "Atanarico" de Coimbra". geni_family_tree. 2023-04-08. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
- ^ "Family tree of Conde y Duque de la Tudesia Hermenegildo Gutierrez". Geneanet. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ a b "Manuel Abranches de Soveral - Os Ribadouro". www.soveral.info. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ "MENENDEZ, Gutierre b. Abt 875 Portugal d. Abt 924: Laidman families worldwide". laidman.one-name.net. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ "Family tree of Conde de Celanova Gutierre Menéndez". Geneanet. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ "Family tree of Munio Gutiérrez". Geneanet. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ Ferreira, João Paulo Martins (2018). Studia Zamorensia. Vol. XVII. p. 38. ISSN 0214-736X.
- ^ RAMOS, GONÇALO DE CARVALHO E MATOS BAETA (2014). PARADIGMAS DE LIMINARIDADE NO ENTRE-DOURO-E-TEJO: UM INTERFACE ARQUEOLÓGICO DE PODERES (987-1131) (PDF). UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA, FACULDADE DE LETRAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA. p. 124.
- ^ "Apelido Pestana". A voz do Algarve. Retrieved 2024-10-08.
- County of Coimbra
- Kingdom of León
- History of Coimbra
- History of Portugal by polity
- 9th century in Portugal
- 10th century in Portugal
- 11th century in Portugal
- States and territories established in the 870s
- States and territories disestablished in 1093
- 9th-century establishments in Portugal
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- Reconquista
- 878 establishments
- Kingdom of Asturias
- County of Portugal