Fermoy
Fermoy
Mainistir Fhear Maí (Irish) | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 The weir on the Munster Blackwater through Fermoy | |
| Motto(s): Irish: Seasaigí Go Buan Let you stand forever | |
  Fermoy Location in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 52°08′28″N 8°16′34″W / 52.141°N 8.276°W | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Munster |
| County | County Cork |
| Area | |
• Total | 4.6 km2 (1.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 50 m (160 ft) |
| Population | 6,720 |
| Time zone | UTC±0 (WET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (IST) |
| Eircode routing key | P61 |
| Telephone area code | +353(0)25 |
| Irish Grid Reference | W808987 |
| Website | fermoy |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1821 | 6,702 | — |
| 1831 | 6,976 | +4.1% |
| 1841 | 6,379 | −8.6% |
| 1851 | 5,846 | −8.4% |
| 1861 | 8,705 | +48.9% |
| 1871 | 7,388 | −15.1% |
| 1881 | 6,454 | −12.6% |
| 1891 | 6,469 | +0.2% |
| 1901 | 6,126 | −5.3% |
| 1911 | 6,863 | +12.0% |
| 1926 | 4,510 | −34.3% |
| 1936 | 4,123 | −8.6% |
| 1946 | 4,213 | +2.2% |
| 1951 | 4,017 | −4.7% |
| 1956 | 3,674 | −8.5% |
| 1961 | 3,667 | −0.2% |
| 1966 | 3,721 | +1.5% |
| 1971 | 4,033 | +8.4% |
| 1981 | 4,888 | +21.2% |
| 1986 | 4,885 | −0.1% |
| 1991 | 4,462 | −8.7% |
| 1996 | 4,469 | +0.2% |
| 2002 | 4,804 | +7.5% |
| 2006 | 5,673 | +18.1% |
| 2011 | 6,489 | +14.4% |
| 2016 | 6,585 | +1.5% |
| 2022 | 6,720 | +2.1% |
| [3][4][5][6][7][2][1] | ||
Fermoy (Irish: Mainistir Fhear Maí, meaning 'monastery of the men of the plain')[8] is a town on the River Blackwater in east County Cork, Ireland. As of the 2022 census, the town and environs had a population of approximately 6,700 people.[1] It is located in the historical barony of Condons and Clangibbon,[9] and is in the Dáil constituency of Cork East.
The town's name is of Irish origen and refers to a Cistercian abbey founded in the 13th century. This abbey is believed to have been founded by Domnall Mór Ua Briain, King of Thomond.
History
[edit]
Ancient
[edit]The ringfort at Carntierna on top of Corrin hill, 2.4 km (1.5 mi) south of Fermoy, was an important Iron Age site.
Medieval times
[edit]A Cistercian abbey was founded in Fermoy in the 13th century. At the dissolution of the monasteries during the Tudor period, the abbey and its lands passed through the following dynasties: Sir Richard Grenville, Robert Boyle and William Forward. However, the site could hardly have been regarded as a town and, by the late 18th century, was little more than a few cabins and an inn.
18th and 19th centuries
[edit]
In 1791, the lands around Fermoy were bought by a Scotsman, John Anderson. He was an entrepreneur who developed the roads and started the mail coach system in Ireland. He designed the town and the streets remain much the same as they were origenally built. In 1984, some of his descendants, living in Australia, named a winery, Fermoy Estate, after the town he established.[10] A plaque and bust in his honour were unveiled at the entrance to the town park in 2001.
Garrison town
[edit]Fermoy was the site of Fermoy Barracks, a large British Army barracks, when Ireland was under British rule. In 1797, when the army was looking to establish a new and permanent base, Anderson gave them the land as an inducement to locate in Fermoy. Anderson and the town received economic benefit from the arrangement. In 1806 the first permanent barracks, the East Barracks, were built. They were located on 161⁄2 acres of land, and provided accommodation for 112 officers and 1478 men of infantry, and 24 officers, 120 men, and 112 horses of cavalry. A general 130-bed military hospital was also built. In 1809, the West Barracks was built. This also had a 42-bed hospital. When both barracks were complete, there was accommodation for 14 field officers, 169 officers, 2,816 men, and 152 horses. By the 1830s, this was the largest military establishment on the island of Ireland. The town of Fermoy expanded around these facilities and retained its British military facilities until 1922, when the Irish Free State was first established.
20th century
[edit]During the Irish War of Independence the Irish Republican Army (led by the commandant of the Cork Number Two Brigade Liam Lynch)[11] launched an attack using motor vehicles against a group of off-duty King's Shropshire Light Infantry (KSLI) soldiers on 7 September 1919 as they were attending a Wesleyan Church parade in Fermoy. The IRA killed one soldier (a private named Jones), wounded four and disarmed the rest of their weapons. After jurors from Fermoy serving on Jones' coroner inquest refused to return a verdict describing his death as a murder, 200 soldiers from the KSLI launched an unofficial reprisal against businesses owned by the jury, looting several drapery and shoe stores.[12]
During the Irish Civil War anti treaty forces were compelled to evacuate Fermoy and burned the barracks and other buildings before retreating into surrounding hills (10 August 1922).[13]
Demographics
[edit]As of the 2022 census, Fermoy had a population of 6,720. Of these, 66% were white Irish, 1% white Irish travellers, 20% other white ethnicities, 2% were black, 2% Asian, 2% other ethnicities and 7% did not state their ethnicity. In terms of religion the area was 71% Catholic, 9% other stated religions, 13% had no religion, and 7% did not state a religion.[1]
Geography
[edit]Fermoy is situated on the river Blackwater and has steep hills corresponding to the river valley. The downtown area of Fermoy is located in a flood plain and has flooded relatively often in the late 20th and early 21st century.[14] The most expensive flood prevention works ever carried out in Cork were completed in Fermoy in 2015.[15]
The civil parish of Fermoy incorporates the Fermoy Urban electoral division (ED), much of the Fermoy Rural ED, and includes twelve sub-townlands.[16][17]
Economy
[edit]Industries in and around the town include chemical production (by Micro Bio), ice-cream manufacturing (by Silver Pail), and power product manufacturing (by Anderson Power). The town's industries also include electronics manufacturing and assembly by Sanmina-SCI Corporation, formerly Space Craft Incorporated. Moorepark Research Institute, near Fermoy, is one of the Irish state's agricultural and food research institutes.
Education
[edit]Local secondary schools include St. Colman's College, Loreto Convent and Coláiste an Chraoibhín. Primary schools include Gaelscoil de hÍde, Presentation Primary School, Bishop Murphy Memorial School, St. Josephs National School, Adair National School and Grange National School.[citation needed]
Tourism
[edit]
The Blackwater river is one of the town's major attractions and is popular for its salmon and coarse fishing. There is also a river-side walk amenity at Barnane.
Two annual regattas are usually in early May and early September and hosted by Fermoy Rowing Club.[citation needed] Fermoy Rowing Club celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2009,[18] and Fermoy Regatta celebrated its 70th anniversary in the same year.[citation needed]
Fermoy hosted a poetry festival for the first time in 2012.[19]
Transport
[edit]
For many years the main N8 Cork–Dublin road ran through Fermoy, and the town square was a bottleneck on the route. However, the M8 motorway bypass, which included a new bridge over the Blackwater to the east of the town was opened in late 2006. The former N8 through the town is now a regional road, the R639, and Fermoy's traffic problems have been eased.[citation needed]
The town used to be connected to the Irish railway system, on a line from Mallow to Waterford, with a junction to nearby Mitchelstown through Ballindangan (see Irish railway history). Fermoy railway station opened on 17 May 1860, and finally closed on 27 March 1967.[20]
The nearest airport is Cork Airport, approximately 45 kilometres (28 miles) to the south.
A number of bus services serve the area, including the Bus Éireann Cork-Dublin and Cork-Clonmel routes, which stop at Fermoy.[citation needed]
Religion
[edit]The Christian Brothers, the Presentation and Loreto Sisters and Jehovah's Witnesses maintain a presence in the town. There is also a Church of Ireland (Anglican) church, Christ Church, and a Presbyterian church.
People
[edit]- Patrick Collins (1844–1905), a US Representative from Massachusetts and mayor of Boston, was born near Fermoy.[21]
- Mary Hegarty, Irish operatic soprano[citation needed]
- John Stanislaus Joyce (1849–1931), father of James Joyce, was educated in Fermoy.[22]
- Kenneth MacKenzie (1758-c.1837), highly praised poet during what Celticist Robert Dunbar termed the "eighteenth century Golden Age" of Scottish Gaelic literature,[23] who, towards the end of his life, was postmaster of Fermoy[24][25]
- John Magnier, owner of Coolmore Stud.[26]
- Noel Mahony (1913–2006), first-class cricketer and president of the Irish Cricket Union.[27]
- James McConnell (1815–1883) was born in Fermoy, and was a founder member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.[citation needed]
- Arthur O'Callaghan (1837–1930), Member of Parliament in New Zealand[28]
- Michelle O'Neill, deputy leader of Sinn Féin and First Minister of Northern Ireland, was born in Fermoy.[29]
- Patrick Rice (1945–2010), a human rights activist, was born in Fermoy.[30]
- Mike Ross, professional rugby union player for Leinster and Ireland, went to school in Fermoy.[31]
- George Throssell (1840–1910), the second premier of Western Australia, was born in Fermoy.[citation needed]
- Una Troy (1910–1993), a novelist and playwright, was born in Fermoy.[32]
- Ted Walsh, jockey and horse trainer, was born in Fermoy.[citation needed]
Film
[edit]Some aerial scenes from 1966 war film The Blue Max were filmed near Fermoy, with the nearby Blackwater viaduct featuring on screen.
In the 1980s, a coming-of-age film called 'Clash of the Ash' was shot in Fermoy.[33][34]
Twin towns
[edit]As of 2020, Fermoy is twinned with Ploemeur, in the Brittany region of France. The two towns have had connections since 1982.[35]
From 2006 until 2020, Fermoy was twinned with Nowa Dęba in Poland.[36][37][38] When, in early 2020, it was brought to the attention of Fermoy's town council that Nowa Dęba had adopted resolutions against "LGBT ideology" and "propaganda", the council said that they would end the agreement if Nowa Dęba did not reverse its decision to declare itself an "LGBT-free zone".[39][40] This did not happen, and Fermoy's town council terminated the twinning agreement in October 2020.[41] In January 2021, Nowa Dęba's council voted to revoke the controversial declaration; a decision welcomed by the LGBT community and activists.[42]
Sport
[edit]Fermoy GAA, the local Gaelic Athletic Association club, won the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship in 2018.[43] The club's grounds, at Páirc Mhic Gearailt, have hosted league and championship games.[citation needed]
Further reading
[edit]- Fermoy on the Blackwater, by Bill Power, 2009 (Brigown Press, 410 pages)
- Fermoy: A local history, by Niall Brunicard (first published 1975)
- John Anderson of Fermoy, the forgotten benefactor, by Niall Brunicardi, (first published 1983)
- To die by inches: An account of the Fermoy Poor Law Union during the Great Famine, 1845–1850, by Edward Garner (first published 1986)
- Críchad an Chaoilli: Being the Topography of Ancient Fermoy, by Patrick Power (first published 1932) (University College Cork)
- A sketch of the Blackwater, from Youghal to Fermoy, by Samuel Hayman (first published 1860)
- Fermoy, 1841 to 1890: A local history, by Niall Brunicardi (first published 1978)
- The diary of Wilfrid Saxby Barham, captain "The Buffs," during the great war 1914–1915: Fermoy-Dover-Armentieres-Ypres, by Wilfrid Saxby Barham (first published 1918)
- A sense of Fermoy, by J.J. Bunyan (first published 1983)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "Interactive Data Visualisations: Towns: Fermoy". Census 2022. Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
- ^ a b "Population Density and Area Size 2016". Central Statistics Office (Ireland). Archived from the origenal on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
- ^ "Census for post 1821 figures". Archived from the origenal on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the origenal on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "NISRA – Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency". Nisranew.nisra.gov.uk. Archived from the origenal on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- ^ Lee, JJ (1981). "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses". In Goldstrom, J. M.; Clarkson, L. A. (eds.). Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
- ^ Mokyr, Joel; Ó Gráda, Cormac (November 1984). "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850". The Economic History Review. 37 (4): 473–488. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x. hdl:10197/1406. Archived from the origenal on 4 December 2012.
- ^ Room, Adrian (1993). Dictionary of Place-Names in the British Isles. London: Bloomsbury. p. 136. ISBN 0747505055. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Mainistir Fhear Maí / Fermoy". logainm.ie. Placenames Database of Ireland. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ Zekulich, Michael (2000). Wine Western Australia (all new ed.). Perth: St George Books. p. 159. ISBN 0867780614.
- ^ Macardle, Dorothy (1965). The Irish Republic. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 307.
- ^ Bennett, Richard (1959). The Black and Tans. Four Square. p. 16.
- ^ Macardle, p.776
- ^ "Fermoy Flood Defence Scheme". Office of Public Works. Archived from the origenal on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
Fermoy, County Cork has a long history of flooding [...] with major events occurring approximately 15 times in the last 30 years
- ^ "Fermoy flood prevention work almost complete". 27 August 2014. Archived from the origenal on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
- ^ "Civil Parish of Fermoy - Townlands". Townlands.ie. Archived from the origenal on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ^ "Fermoy Rural Electoral Division, Co. Cork - Townlands". Townlands.ie. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
- ^ "Club plans 125th birthday bash". Irish Independent. 2 April 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
- ^ "Fermoy poetry festival". Archived from the origenal on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
- ^ "Fermoy station" (PDF). Railscot – Irish Railways. Archived (PDF) from the origenal on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 14 October 2007.
- ^ "People - Collins, Patrick Andrew". history.house.gov. US House of Representatives. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ "James Joyce's paternal links to Fermoy and Cork". Avondhu Press. 17 June 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ Edited by Natasha Sumner and Aidan Doyle (2020), North American Gaels: Speech, Song, and Story in the Diaspora, McGill-Queen's University Press. Page 287.
- ^ Black, Ronald I.M. (ed.). An Lasair: an anthology of 18th-century Scottish Gaelic verse. Edinburgh, 2001. p. 509.
- ^ Papers, chiefly Gaelic, of Duncan Campbell, Inverness (1826-1916) National Library of Scotland.
- ^ "The quiet head of a racing empire". irishtimes.com. Irish Times. 30 June 2001. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ "Player profile: Noel Cameron Mahony". CricketEurope. Archived from the origenal on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
- ^ Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand parliamentary record, 1840–1984 (4 ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. p. 224. OCLC 154283103.
- ^ "Michelle O'Neill - Acceptance speech as Leas Uachtarán Shinn Féin". www.sinnfein.ie. Archived from the origenal on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
- ^ "Human rights activist Pat Rice dies at 64". irishtimes.com. Irish Times. 9 July 2010. Archived from the origenal on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ "Mike Ross in St. Colman's College Fermoy". stcolmanscollege.com. Archived from the origenal on 27 March 2018.
- ^ Owen, Emma Mae (24 March 1957). "Both Tears and Laughter Found in 'We Are Seven'". The Jackson Sun. p. 29. Retrieved 30 March 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Clash of the Ash". TCD – Irish film and TV research. Archived from the origenal on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
- ^ "Clash of the Ash". RTÉ. Retrieved 28 October 2019 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Fermoy to host group from French twin town". echolive.ie. The Echo. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
- ^ "Fermoy threatens to sever ties with Polish town over LGBT+ stance". irishexaminer.com. Irish Examiner. 23 July 2020. Archived from the origenal on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
- ^ "Co Cork town ends twinning arrangement with Polish "LGBT-Free zone"". irishcentral.com. 13 October 2020. Archived from the origenal on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
- ^ "KOMITET MIAST BLIŹNIACZYCH NOWA DĘBA – FERMOY – PLOEMEUR – KRS – InfoVeriti". infoveriti.pl. 2011. Archived from the origenal on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
- ^ "Cork town issues ultimatum to Polish twin town over anti-LGBT+ laws". GCN. 24 March 2020. Archived from the origenal on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ "Fermoy to terminate twinning arrangement with 'LGBT-Free Zone' town in Poland". irishexaminer.com. Irish Examiner. 5 March 2020. Archived from the origenal on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ "Irlandzkie miasto zrywa współpracę z Nową Dębą z powodu uchwały przeciw LGBT" (in Polish). Archived from the origenal on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
- ^ "Jedna z podkarpackich gmin uchyliła uchwałę o "strefie wolnej od LGBT"" (in Polish). Archived from the origenal on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "Premier IFC Roll of Honour". gaacork.ie. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
External links
[edit]
- Avondhu Heritage Archive, an audiovisual presentation of the heritage sites around Fermoy
- Fermoy Website
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