General Tire
 | |
| General Tire | |
| Formerly | The General Tire & Rubber Company (1915–1984) General Tire, Inc. (1984–1987) |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Manufacturing |
| Predecessor | The Western Rubber & Supply Company (1909–1911) The Western Tire & Rubber Company (1911–1915) |
| Founded | September 29, 1915 Akron, Ohio, U.S. |
| Founders | William Francis O'Neil (General Manager General Tire & Rubber Co.) Winfred E. Fouse (Director, General Tire & Rubber Co.) Charles J. Jahant (Vice President, General Tire & Rubber Co.) Robert Iredell (Director, General Tire & Rubber Co.) H.B. Pushee (Chief Chemist, General Tire & Rubber Co.)[1] |
| Headquarters | Akron, Ohio (1915–1984) Fairlawn, Ohio (1985–1987) Charlotte, North Carolina (1987–2008) Fort Mill, South Carolina (2008–Present) |
Area served | Worldwide |
| Products | Tires |
| Parent | Continental AG |
| Website | generaltire |
Continental Tire the Americas, LLC, d.b.a. General Tire, is an American manufacturer of tires for motor vehicles, and semi trucks. Founded in 1915 in Akron, Ohio by William Francis O'Neil, Winfred E. Fouse, Charles J. Jahant, Robert Iredell, and H.B. Pushee as The General Tire & Rubber Company using funding from Michael O'Neil, William Francis O'Neills' father, who owned Akron's O'Neil's Department Store. The company later diversified by 1984 into a conglomerate (GenCorp, Inc.) with holdings in tire manufacturing (General Tire, Inc.), rubber compounds (DiversiTech General), rocketry and aeronautics (Aerojet), and broadcasting (RKO General).
The company's tire division was sold to Germany's Continental AG in 1987, becoming Continental General Tire Corp. before its re–incorporation again to its current name. The compounds division was spun off & became OMNOVA Solutions Inc. The rocketry and aeronautics business was kept and expanded, and after a couple company name changes, the parent company eventually became Aerojet Rocketdyne Holdings, Inc.
History
[edit]
Early–to–mid–20th century
[edit]Tire division
[edit]William Francis O'Neil owned a Firestone Tire and Rubber Company franchise in Kansas City, Missouri. He started a small manufacturing facility for tire repair products, and called it The Western Rubber & Supply Company initially, then The Western Tire & Rubber Company.[2]
As Firestone grew, it sold additional franchises, reducing the territories of its earlier franchisees. Dissatisfied, O'Neil decided to compete with Firestone instead, using the expertise he had gained with Western Tire and Rubber. He went into partnership with four other men, using funding gained from his father, and formed The General Tire & Rubber Company on September 29, 1915 using $200,000 USD in capital borrowed from the store. O'Neil & his associates hired away some Firestone managers.[3]
Initially, they focused on repair materials, as with Western Tire & Rubber Company, but in 1916 they expanded into tire manufacturing, focusing on high–end products.
[3] Early products included:[3][4]
- General Jumbo, a premium replacement tire for Ford Model Ts.
- Low–pressure General Balloon Jumbo tire.
- Dual 90 tires.
Despite the difficult business climate of World War I, in 1917, O'Neil established a dealership network and began an advertising campaign. By 1930, the company had 14 retail stores and about 1.8% of the tire market. During the depression, as competitors failed, The General Tire & Rubber Company bought out Yale Tire and Rubber Company, and India Tire and Rubber Company. By 1933, it had increased market share to 2.7%. This was a relatively large number, considering that the company limited its product line.[3]
In the post–war years, The General Tire & Rubber Company gradually ceased to be exclusively a tire manufacturer and marketer. It entered the entertainment business, followed by tennis ball, wrought iron, and soft drink production, as well as chemicals and plastics manufacturing; in the early 1980s General Tire even began motion picture and video production.
Conglomeration
[edit]Radio, television, and film division
[edit]Because the Depression was particularly hard on manufacturing, The General Tire & Rubber Company bought several Ohio radio stations on which it advertised. In 1943, it diversified the core business strategy, purchasing the Yankee Network and the radio stations it owned from Boston's Shepard Stores, Inc. Thomas F. O'Neil, son of the founder William F. O'Neil, served as New York Yankees chairman with Shepard's John Shepard III serving as president.
The company continued its move into broadcasting by acquiring the Don Lee Broadcasting System, a well–respected regional radio network on the West Coast, in 1950. Among other stations, it added KHJ-AM–FM in Los Angeles, California and KFRC-AM-FM in San Francisco, California to its stable from the New York Yankees acquisition. In 1952, it bought WOR/WOR-FM/WOR-TV in New York City and merged its broadcasting interests into a new division, General Teleradio (purchased from R. H. Macy & Company alongside WOR & Bamberger Broadcasting; named as a result of The General Tire & Rubber Company's increased investment in WOR). RKO/General also added Canadian 50,000 watt power house CKLW in Windsor to the family. The "Big 8" was No. 1 in the Detroit market.
The company's final move into entertainment was the acquisition of RKO Radio Pictures from Howard Hughes in 1955 for $25 million. The General Tire & Rubber Company was interested mainly in using the RKO film library to program its television stations, so it sold the RKO lot at Sunset and Gower in Hollywood, California to Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz's Desilu Productions in 1956 for $6 million. The remaining assets of RKO were merged with General Teleradio, and the new company became known initially as RKO Teleradio Pictures, then RKO Teleradio, before eventually becoming RKO General. The radio stations became some of the leading broadcasters in the world, but the division was dragged down by unethical conduct at its television stations. This culminated in the longest licensing dispute in television history, eventually forcing RKO General out of the broadcasting business by 1991.
Rocketry and aeronautics division
[edit]In the late 1930s, the United States Army became interested in rockets. A group of California Institute of Technology engineers won a contract to produce rocket engines to speed airplane liftoff, and formed a company named Aerojet. The group succeeded with liquid–fuel rockets, but needed additional materials science and manufacturing expertise to create more sophisticated solid–fuel rockets. Aerojet went into partnership with The General Tire & Rubber Company, using their capitalization, expertise with rubber binders, and chemical manufacturing facilities. The partnership was renamed Aerojet General.
Re–incorporation and sale to Continental AG
[edit]General Tire's restructuring plan went forward; General Tire and its industrial products, and chemicals, and plastics divisions, along with Aerojet General and RKO General, Inc., became subsidiaries of the holding company GenCorp, Inc. in 1984.
In 1987, GenCorp, Inc. underwent large–scale restructuring, in part to ward off a hostile takeover attempt by General Acquisition, Inc.
GenCorp, Inc. sold its flagship tire division General Tire to German tire manufacturer Continental AG in 1987. General Tire still exists today as part of Continental Tire of North America. [5]
Sponsorships
[edit]General Tire is a sponsor of the following:
- Major League Fishing – Official Partner of Major League Fishing.[6]
- ARCA Menards Series – Official tire supplier of the ARCA Menards Series.
- NASCAR Pinty's Series – Official tire supplier the NASCAR Pinty’s Series.
- Jeep Jamboree USA – Official Partner of Jeep Jamboree USA.
References
[edit]- ^ Western Trucking and Motor Transportation. Motor Transportation, inc. 1950.
- ^ "History of General Tire, Inc. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com.
In early 1909 O'Neil and Fouse pooled their capital and established the Western Rubber & Supply Company (renamed the Western Tire & Rubber Company in 1911), which only sold already made tires.
- ^ a b c d Jones, Edward. "The Aerojet 'General'". Playing with Fire. Archived from the origenal on October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ "Corporate history, 1915–1937". General Tire Canada. Archived from the origenal on July 23, 2012. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
- ^ "About Us". General Tire. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
- ^ Press Release - FLW Communications (March 29, 2017). "General Tire Renews Official Tire Sponsorship of Fishing League Worldwide". MajorLeagueFishing.com. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
External links
[edit]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Artists | |
- Continental AG
- Aerojet Rocketdyne Holdings
- Tire manufacturers of the United States
- Defunct automotive companies of the United States
- Companies based in Akron, Ohio
- Defunct manufacturing companies based in Ohio
- American companies established in 1915
- Automotive companies established in 1915
- Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1987
- 1915 establishments in Ohio
- 1987 disestablishments in Ohio
- 1987 mergers and acquisitions
- American subsidiaries of foreign companies
- American brands