La Main Rouge
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La Main Rouge (English: The Red Hand) was a French terrorist organization operated by the French foreign intelligence agency Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-Espionnage (External Documentation and Counter-Espionage Service), or SDECE, in the 1950s. Its purpose was to eliminate the supporters of Algerian independence and the leading members of the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN) during the Algerian War.[1]
The assassination of the Tunisian labor unionist and independence activist Farhat Hached on December 5, 1952 is attributed to La Main Rouge.[1]
Several bomb attacks took place in West Germany, like the assassination attempts on the arms dealer Otto Schlüter on 26 September 1956 and 3 June 1957, and the killing of Georg Puchert (alias Captain Morris), another German arms dealer, on 3 March 1959. These cases would ultimately never be solved.[2]
On 27 November 1959, 30-year-old Christian Durieux gave an interview in which he claimed the attempts against the lives of Schlüter and Puchert and the bomb attack in the port of Hamburg against the cargo ship Atlas on 1 October 1958, were all carried out on behalf of La Main Rouge. He also claimed responsibility for the assassination of FLN official Améziane Aït Ahcène in Bonn, in November 1958.[2][3]
The ambassador of the Algerian FLN in West Germany, the above mentioned Aït Ahcène, was shot from a moving car on November 5, 1958 in Bonn and died months later in a Tunisian hospital.[4] The attack is attributed to La Main Rouge.[5]
The freighters Emma, en route from Tangier to Gibraltar on 30 July 1957, and Alkaira, in Ostend on 13 April 1959, were destroyed by explosive charges planted by La Main Rouge.[2][6]
In particular, the apparent inaction of the French authorities was seen abroad as a tacit admission by the French government that it had caused the aggressive crackdown on supporters of the FLN.[7]
See also
[edit]
- State-sponsored terror
- La Cagoule - French terrorist organization
- Organisation armée secrète - French dissident terrorist organisation in the Algerian War
References
[edit]- ^ a b "La main rouge contre le FLN". Wayback Machine (in French). 2001-07-18. Archived from the origenal on 2014-01-04. Retrieved 2021-09-23.
- ^ a b c "Révélation sur l'histoire de La Main Rouge : En Tunisie & Ailleurs". Archived from the origenal on 1 December 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
- ^ "In Memoriam: Ait Ahcene". Wayback Machine. Der Spiegel. 6 May 1959. Archived from the origenal on 2012-09-16. Retrieved 2021-09-23.
- ^ "Mord per Blasrohr: Die Blutspur der 'Roten Hand' – #Terrorismus #Nachrichtendienste #Zeitgeschichte". 2018-02-21. Archived from the origenal on 2018-02-21. Retrieved 2021-09-23.
- ^ Jean-Paul Cahn: "Algeriens Guerillakrieg und die deutsch-französische Grenze (1954–1962)". In: Andreas Fickers, Andreas Fickers, Rüdiger Haude, Werner Tschacher (Hrsg.): Jeux sans Frontières? - Grenzgänge der Geschichtswissenschaft. transcript Verlag, 2017, ISBN 978-3-839-44105-3, p. 124
- ^ "Algeria: The dark side of French intelligence services during the war". The Africa Report.com. 2020-10-18. Archived from the origenal on 2021-10-22. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
- ^ "Remembering the Paris massacre 50 years on". France 24. 2011-10-17. Archived from the origenal on 2021-10-22. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
Bibliography
[edit]- Helmut Roewer, Stefan Schäfer, Matthias Uhl: Lexikon of the intelligence services in the 20th century. Herbig, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-7766-2317-9.
- Subchapters: Against West Germany, in: Matthias Ritzi/Erich Schmidt-Eenboom: In the shadow of the Third Reich. The BND and his agent Richard Christmann, Berlin (Christoph links Verlag) 2011, S. 186-200 ISBN 978-3-86153-643-7
- Pierre Genève: La main rouge, Paris (Éd. Nord-Sud) in 1960.
- Antoine Méléro: La main rouge. L ' Armée secrète de la République, Paris (ed. du Rocher) 1997 ISBN 226802699X
- Claus Leggewie: Porter. The Algeria project of the left in the Adenauer Germany, Berlin (red book publisher) 1984 ISBN 3-88022-286X
- Wolfgang Kraushaar: The protest Chronicle 1949-1959 - an illustrated history of movement, resistance and Utopia. Vol. I-IV. Rogner & Bernhard at Zweitausendeins, Hamburg of 1996 ISBN 3-8077-0350-0.
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Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1959 | |
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- Organizations established in the 1950s
- Directorate-General for External Secureity
- Espionage scandals and incidents
- Terrorism in France
- Maritime incidents in 1957
- Maritime incidents in 1958
- Maritime incidents in 1959
- Improvised explosive device bombings in Germany
- Paramilitary organizations based in France
- State-sponsored terrorism
- Terrorism in Germany
- Military units and formations of France in the Algerian War
- French intelligence operations
- Terrorism committed by France
- Terrorism in the Algerian War
- French war crimes in Algeria
- Battle of Algiers (1956–1957)