Oponskoye Kingdom
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The Oponskoye Kingdom (Russian: Опонское/опоньское царство, supposed to mean "Yaponskoye tsarstvo", or "kingdom of Japan"),[1][2] or as some English sources erroneously put it, Kingdom of Opona, is a mythical kingdom in Russian folklore, envisioned by Russian peasants as lying at the edge of the flat earth. Here, it was believed, the peasants lived happy lives undisturbed by the state or the gentry,[3] under a "White Tsar" who ruled truly and justly.[4] Such paradise places were also known under the names of the Golden Land and Belovodye ("Land of White Water").[4][1]
The myth of the Utopian kingdom of old Russia is similar to other myths of "earthly paradises",[Notes 1][5] out of sight but possibly reachable by the right courageous explorer, such as Shambhala, El Dorado, etc.[4]
Initially the tale of Belovodye was treated as a hearsay about a real place.[1] Groups of peasants from various regions of Russia were known to have gone on expeditions in the far north of Russia to find the mythical utopia.[3] There was strain of old Believers called "Runners" (Russian: Бегуны) or "Wanderers" (Russian: странники), since they spent their lives wandering, and some researchers asserted that they were instrumental in the propagation of the legend. However other researchers have arguments against this hypothesis.[1] At the break of the 19th and 20th centuries the tale gradually transformed from a "real thing" to an element of Russian folklore.[1]
See also
[edit]- Buyan island
- Hyperborea
- Iriy
- Kitezh city
- Cockaigne
Notes
[edit]- ^ There is a version expressed by the art historian Svetlana Katkova, that Russian and Soviet artist Efim Chestnyakov represented the Oponskoy Kingdom in his painting The City of Universal Welfare.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e "БЕЛОВОДЬЕ", in Orthodox Encyclopedia
- ^ АндреаМайер-Фратц(Andrea Meyer-Fraatz), "Andrei Bitovʼs Autobiographical Myth on Japan as a Creative Utopia: Neizbezhnost’ Nenapisannogo" doi:10.1016/j.ruslit.2019.10.007
- ^ a b Figes, p. 101
- ^ a b c Ellwood, p. 97
- ^ Katkova, S. S. (2009). Город Всеобщего Благоденствия. Вестник Костромского государственного университета им. Н. А. Некрасова. Серия «Гуманитарные науки» [Bulletin of N. A. Nekrasov Kostroma State University. Series "Humanities"] (in Russian). Vol. 15. Энтелехия: Журнал. pp. 102–112.
Bibliography
[edit]- Ellwood, Robert (2008). Myth: Key Concepts in Religion. London & New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 9781847062352. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
- Figes, Orlando (2014). A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924. London: The Bodley Head. ISBN 9781847922915.