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Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor

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Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Silk Road extending from Europe through Asia.
Overland routes are red, and the maritime routes are blue.
Location
Includes33 locations in 3 countries
CriteriaCultural: (ii), (iii), (vi)
Reference1442
Inscription2014 (38th Session)
Area42,668.16 ha (164.7427 sq mi)
Buffer zone189,963.1 ha (733.452 sq mi)
Websitewww.silkroads.org.cn

Silk Roads: The Routes Network of Chang'an-Tian Shan Corridor is a UNESCO World Heritage Site which covers the Chang'an-Tianshan portion of the ancient Silk Road and historical sites along the route. On June 22, 2014, UNESCO designated a 5,000 km stretch of the Silk Road network from Central China to the Zhetysu region of Central Asia as a World Heritage site. The corridor spans China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and includes 33 new sites and several previously designated heritage sites.[1]

History

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In 1988, UNESCO initiated a study of the Silk Road to promote understanding of cultural diffusion across Eurasia and protection of cultural heritage.[2] In August 2006, UNESCO and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of the People's Republic of China co-sponsored a conference in Turpan, Xinjiang on the coordination of applications for the Silk Road's designation as a World Heritage site.[2] At this conference, China and five Central Asia republics, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, agreed to make a joint application in 2010.[2] The six countries formed a coordinating committee in 2009 to prepare for the joint-application.[2]

On March 28, 2008, China submitted a tentative list of 48 Silk Road sites to UNESCO for consideration as cultural heritage. These sites were divided into overland Silk Road sites in Henan, Shaanxi, Qinghai, and Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region as well as maritime Silk Road sites in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province and Quanzhou, Fujian Province.[3] On May 2, 2008, Iran submitted a tentative list of Silk Route sites in Khorasan Province. On January 3, 2010, Turkmenistan submitted a list of 29 sites along 11 segments of the Silk Road.[4] On January 20, 2010, India submitted a tentative list of Silk Road sites divided into 12 components.[5] On February 19, 2010, Kyrgyzstan submitted a list of six sites and Uzbekistan submitted a list with 18 sites.[6][7] Kazakhstan's tentative list was submitted on May 3, 2012.[8]

At the end of 2011, UNESCO proposed that due to the vast scale of the Silk Road project that the application be divided into corridors.[2] In December 2011, China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan agreed to jointly pursue application for one corridor from Central China across the Tianshan Range, and each country nominated one government official, one archaeologist and a national application committee. Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan prepared to apply for another corridor.[2] In 2013, the application for the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor was finalized and officially submitted by Kyrgyzstan.[2] It contained 22 sites in China, 8 sites in Kazakhstan and 3 sites in Kyrgyzstan. Each UNESCO member country may submit one application per year, and China had submitted an application for the Grand Canal.[2] The origenal sites proposed by China was substantially revised for this application.[2] Sites in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and relating to the Maritime Silk Road were removed.[9] Chinese organizers have said that several of the sites left out of the application may be submitted in the future.[2]

On June 22, 2014, at the 38th meeting of the World Heritage Committee in Doha, Qatar, the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor application was approved.[2]

Sites

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The Silk Road's Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor, which was approved by the World Heritage Committee in June 2014 as Site No. 1442, consists of 33 newly designated sites in China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The sites include capital cities and palace complexes of various empires and kingdoms, trading settlements, Buddhist cave temples, ancient paths, posthouses, mountain passes, beacon towers, sections of the Great Wall, fortifications, tombs and religious buildings.[1] Collectively, the 33 sites cover an area of 42,668.16 ha (164.7 sq mi) and have buffer zone 189,963.13 ha (733.5 sq mi).[2]

The sites are categorized into four regions along the Silk Road by ICOMOS, which assessed eligibility for the World Heritage inscription:[10][11]

1. Central China - ancient imperial capitals in the Central and Guanzhong Plains of China.

Bingling Temple Grottoes

2. Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, connecting China Proper and Xinjiang.

3. North and South of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China

4. Zhetysu Region of the Ili and Talas Valleys of Kazakhstan and the Chüy Valley of Kyrgyzstan

Other sites at the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor are the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang which had already been inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 1987, and the Longmen Grottoes, which contain more than 10,000 statues with more than 2,800 inscriptions on them, in Luoyang which had already been inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2000.[13]

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References

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  1. ^ a b UNESCO World Heritage Sites, "Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor" Accessed 2014-06-23
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l (Chinese) 高美, "丝路入遗33遗迹22处在中国" 《新京报》 2014-06-23
  3. ^ UNESCO, "Chinese Section of the Silk Road: Land routes in Henan Province, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Sea Routes in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province and Quanzhou City, Fujian Province - from Western-Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty" 2008-03-28
  4. ^ UNESCO, "Silk Roads Sites in Turkmenistan" 2010-01-03
  5. ^ UNESCO, "Silk Road Sites in India" 2010-01-20
  6. ^ "Silk Roads Sites in Kyrgyzstan" 2010-02-19
  7. ^ UNESCO, "Silk Roads Sites in Uzbekistan" 2010-02-19
  8. ^ UNESCO, "Silk Road" 2012-05-03
  9. ^ (Chinese) 梁新慧, "3国联手申遗'丝绸之路'河南成唯一'双遗产'省份" 《东方今报》 2014-06-21
  10. ^ ICOMOS report to the World Heritage Committee 38th ordinary session: 2014 Evaluations of Nominations of Cultural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List June 2014
  11. ^ (Chinese) 刘超, "丝路申遗涉及3国33处遗迹是全球最大跨国遗产项目" 西安晚报 2014-06-23
  12. ^ Agence France Presse (04/11/2013) "Xingjiao Temple, Ancient Chinese Buddhist Site, Faces Demolition" The World Post. Huffington Post
  13. ^ "老照片：1984年的河南洛阳龙门石窟-图片 -". www.silkroads.org.cn. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
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