est

See also: Est, EST, êst, èst, ēst, -est, est., and Est.

Languages (24)

Translingual • English

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Aromanian • Catalan • Cornish • Corsican • Danish • Elfdalian • French • Hungarian • Italian • Latin • Ligurian • Middle English • Middle French • Norman • Old English • Old French • Old Norse • Romanian • Sardinian • Scots • Swedish • Welsh

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

est

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Estonian.

See also

• Wiktionary's coverage of Estonian terms

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛst/
• Rhymes: -ɛst

Etymology 1

From Middle English este, from Old English ēst (“will, consent, favour”), from Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“favour, affection”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”) or from *h₃neh₂- (“to bestow, offer, help; to enjoy”).

Cognate with Icelandic ást (“affection, love”), Dutch gunst (“favour, grace, courtesy, privilege”), German Gunst (“favour, goodwill, boon”), Danish yndest (“favour”), Swedish ynnest (“favour, indulgence, grace”).

Alternative forms

• este

Noun

est (usually uncountable, plural ests)

1. (obsolete) Grace; favour.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• est.

Adjective

est (not comparable)

1. Abbreviation of established.

   Acme Manufacturing Inc., est 1952

   • 2010, Julie Turjoman, Brave New Knits, page 49:

     Work sleeve, sl raglan marker, work in ribbing as est to cable marker

Derived terms

• re-est

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

• EST, Est

Proper noun

est

1. Initialism of Erhard Seminars Training, a course intended to promote satisfaction with life in the present moment, as opposed to strivings to attain it.

Anagrams

• tes, Tse, StE, set, TSE, Set, seṭ, ETS, STE, tse, ETs, TEs, Ste, Ste., SET

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• hiu, escu

Verb

est first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative esti, past participle fute)

1. to be

Conjugation

past participle			fute
singular				plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
	mini	tini	nes, nese, el	noi	voi	nesh, nesi, ei / eyi, eli
present	est	esht	esti	him	hits	sent

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈest]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

est m (uncountable)

1. east

   Synonyms: orient, llevant

   a l'est del país

   in the east of the country

See also

(compass points) punt cardinal;

nord-oest (n-occ)	nord (sept)	nord-est (n-or)
oest (occ)		est (or)
sud-oest (s-occ)	sud (mer)	sud-est (s-or)

Further reading

• “est” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “est”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “est” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “est” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish

Etymology

From English east.

Noun

est m

1. east

Synonyms

• howldrehevel
• howldrevel

Antonyms

• gorlewin
• howlsedhes
• west

Derived terms

• north-est (“north-east”)
• soth-est (“south-east”)

Corsican

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛst/
• Hyphenation: est

Noun

est m (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of este

References

• “este, est” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse est, from Proto-Germanic *izi, with addition of -t from the preterite-present verbs. The Germanic form goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési, cognate with Latin es, Ancient Greek εἶ (eî), Sanskrit असि (ási).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛsd̥]

Verb

est

1. (archaic) present tense second-person singular of være (“(thou) art”)
   • 1812, Udvalgte danske Viser fra Middelalderen, page 19:

     Om jeg end Engene hver Nat / I Sorgen maa betræde, / Din Magt den har mig altid fat, / Dog du est ej tilstede: ...

     Even if I, each night, the meadows / Must walk upon, mourningly, / Thy power always has its grip on me, / Though thou art not present: ...

   • 1863, Ludvig baron Holberg, Frederik Ludvig LIEBENBERG, Vilhelm MARSTRAND, Ludvig Holbergs Peder Paars, udgivet for det Holbergske Samfund af F. L. Liebenberg, page 152:

     Jeg nesten gietter hvad til saadant dig har dreven: / Du est vist uden Tvivl for Døden bange bleven. / Rak, giør Dig reede strax, paa Rejsen dig begiv, / Kald Folket sammen; see, du redde kand dit Liv!

     I can sort of guess what has driven thee to such things: / Undoubtedly, thou art become frightened of death. / Rabble, prepare thyself straight away, commence the journey, / Call together the people; see, thou canst save thy life!

Elfdalian

Etymology

From Old Norse hestr, from Proto-Germanic *hanhistaz, an alternative form of *hangistaz. Compare Danish hest.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /esːt/

Noun

est m

1. horse

Declension

Declension of est

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	est	estn	ester	estär
accusative	est	estn	esta	estą
dative	este	estem	estum	estum(e)
genitive	-	estemes	-	estumes

French

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old French, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛst/
• Rhymes: -ɛst

Adjective

est (invariable)

1. east

Noun

est m (uncountable)

1. east

Derived terms

• Grand Est
• heure normale de l’est

Descendants

• → Asturian: este
• → Catalan: est
• → Corsican: este, est
• → Galician: leste
• → Italian: est
• → Occitan: èst
• → Portuguese: este, → leste
• → Romanian: est
• → Spanish: este

Synonyms

• orient, levant

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle French est, from Old French est, from Latin est, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Next to Jésus-Christ, it is the only word in which silent internal s remains in modern French spelling. The expected form êt existed, but did not establish itself, in contrast to être and êtes. Possible reasons are the sheer frequency of est, its exact agreement with the Latin form, and the fact that it was usually unstressed and thus shortened.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/, (in liaison) /ɛ.t‿/ ~ /e.t‿/
• Homophones: aie, aies, aient, ais, ait, es (general), haie, haies, hais, hait (aspirated)

Verb

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of être

Alternative forms

• êt (obsolete)

Derived terms

• c’est

Further reading

• “est”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• set, Ste., tes

Hungarian

Etymology

From the es- stem of the verb esik (“to fall”) +‎ -t (noun-forming suffix). See more at este.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛʃt]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛʃt

Noun

est (plural estek)

1. (archaic) evening, eve

   Synonym: este

2. (literary, by extension) recital, show in the evening (compare French soirée (“evening activity, party”, literally “evening”))

   műsoros est ― an evening with entertainment

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	est	estek
accusative	estet	esteket
dative	estnek	esteknek
instrumental	esttel	estekkel
causal-final	estért	estekért
translative	estté	estekké
terminative	estig	estekig
essive-formal	estként	estekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	estben	estekben
superessive	esten	esteken
adessive	estnél	esteknél
illative	estbe	estekbe
sublative	estre	estekre
allative	esthez	estekhez
elative	estből	estekből
delative	estről	estekről
ablative	esttől	estektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	esté	esteké
non-attributive possessive - plural	estéi	estekéi

Possessive forms of est
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	estem	estjeim
2nd person sing.	ested	estjeid
3rd person sing.	estje	estjei
1st person plural	estünk	estjeink
2nd person plural	estetek	estjeitek
3rd person plural	estjük	estjeik

Derived terms

• esti
• estike

 

Compound words

• dalest
• emlékest
• estebéd
• estharang
• estidő
• fogadóest
• karácsonyest
• kultúrest
• táncest

 

Further reading

• est in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• est in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛst/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛst
• Hyphenation: èst

Noun

est m (invariable)

1. east

   Synonyms: oriente, levante

See also

• (compass points) punto cardinale;

From Latin
settentrione occidente ponente oriente levante meridione mezzogiorno
From Germanic
nordovest nord nordest ovest est sudovest sud sudest

Anagrams

• 'ste, set

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Cognate with Sanskrit अस्ति (ásti), Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-s-t-i-y /⁠astiy⁠/), Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒍣 (ēszi), Old Church Slavonic ѥстъ (jestŭ), Gothic 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /est/, [ɛs̠t̪]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /est/, [ɛst̪]

Verb

est

1. third-person singular present active indicative of sum

   Marcus agricola est. ― "Marcus is a farmer."

   Est senex. ― "He is old."

   Est puella in vīllā. ― "There is a girl in the villa."

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:est.

Derived terms

• h.e.
• i.e.
• mihi nomen est
• quid est nomen tibi

 

Descendants

• Asturian: ye
• Catalan: és
• French: est
• Galician: é
• Italian: è
• Portuguese: é
• Romanian: este, e
• Sardinian: est
• Spanish: es

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti; form of the verb edō (“I eat”). Cognate with Russian есть (jestʹ), Latvian ēst, Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /eːst/, [eːs̠t̪]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /est/, [ɛst̪]

Verb

ēst

1. third-person singular present active indicative of edō
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.66–67:

     Ēst mollis flamma medullās
     intereā, et tacitum vīvit sub pectore vulnus.

     A soft flame consumes her [Dido's] bonemarrow
     meanwhile, as a quiet wound lives in her chest.

Synonyms

• edit

References

• “est”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Ligurian

Noun

est m (please provide plural)

1. east (cardinal point)

Middle English

Alternative forms

• æst, este, eest, east, easte

Etymology

From Old English ēast, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *austr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛːst/

Noun

est

1. east, easternness
2. A location to the south; the south
3. The Orient

Coordinate terms

• (compass point): north, south, west

Related terms

• esturne
• estward

Descendants

• English: east
  • → Cornish: est
• Scots: aist, eist

References

• “ēst, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.

Adverb

est

1. To the east, eastwards, eastbound
2. From the east, eastern
3. In the east

Descendants

• English: east
• Scots: aist, eist

Middle French

Verb

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of estre

Norman

Alternative forms

• êt (continental Normandy)
• êst (Jersey)

Etymology

From Old French, from Old English ēast.

Noun

est m (uncountable)

1. (Guernsey, Sark) east

Old English

Alternative forms

• ǣst

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“grace, thanks”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *unnaną (“to grant, thank”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”).

Cognate with Old Saxon anst (“grace, favour”), Old High German anst (“goodwill, benevolence, thanks, grace”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃 (ansts, “joy, grace, thankfulness”). Related to Old English unnan (“to grant, allow”). More at own.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eːst/

Noun

ēst m or f (nominative plural ēste)

1. consent, grace, favor; kindness
2. pleasure

Declension

• Masculine

Declension of ēst (strong i-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ēst	ēstas
accusative	ēst	ēstas
genitive	ēstes	ēsta
dative	ēste	ēstum

• Feminine

Declension of ēst (strong i-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ēst	ēste, ēsta
accusative	ēst, ēste	ēste, ēsta
genitive	ēste	ēsta
dative	ēste	ēstum

Synonyms

• ār, āre

Descendants

• Middle English: este
  • English: est, este (obsolete)

Old French

Alternative forms

• ẽ

Verb

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of estre

Old Norse

Verb

est

1. second-person singular present active indicative of vera

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

Noun

est n (uncountable)

1. east

   Synonyms: orient, răsărit

Declension

declension of est (singular only)

	singular
n gender	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) est	estul
genitive/dative	(unui) est	estului
vocative	estule

Coordinate terms

• (compass points) punct cardinal;

Native Romanian
miazănoapte apus răsărit miazăzi
Borrowed from French/German
nord-vest nord nord-est vest est sud-vest sud sud-est

Further reading

• est in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin est, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈest/

Verb

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of èssere

Scots

Alternative forms

• aest

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eːst/, /øst/

Noun

est (uncountable)

1. (Orkney) envy

Verb

est (third-person singular simple present ests, present participle estan, simple past ested, past participle ested)

1. (Orkney) To envy.

References

• “est, n. and v.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

Swedish

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

est c

1. Estonian; a person from Estonia

Declension

Declension of est

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	est	ests
	definite	esten	estens
plural	indefinite	ester	esters
	definite	esterna	esternas

See also

• estländsk
• estniska
• estnisk

Anagrams

• Set, set, tes

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ɛsd/, [ɛst]
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /eːsd/, [eːst], /ɛsd/, [ɛst]
• Rhymes: -ɛsd

Verb

est

1. second-person singular preterite colloquial of mynd

Synonyms

• aethost (literary)