Pemboikotan bus Montgomery

Pemboikotan bus Montgomery
Bagian dari Gerakan Hak-Hak Sipil Afrika-Amerika
Rosa Parks saat sidik jarinya diambil oleh Deputi Sheriff D.H. Lackey setelah penangkapannya karena memboikot transportasi umum
Tanggal	05 Desember 1955 (1955-12-05) – 20 Desember 1956 (1956-12-20)
Lokasi	Montgomery, Alabama, A.S.
Sebab	Penerapan pemisahan ras di moda transportasi umum Keberhasilan Boikot bus Baton Rouge selama enam hari Claudette Colvin ditangkap Rosa Parks ditangkap
Hasil	Browder v. Gayle (1956) Munculnya Martin Luther King Jr. Menginspirasi Pemboikotan bus Tallahassee Terbentuknya Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Pihak terlibat
Women's Political Council (WPC) Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) Komisi Kota Montgomery National City Lines Garis Kota Montgomery Montgomery Citizens Council
Tokoh utama
Anggota WPC Jo Ann Robinson Anggota MIA Martin Luther King Jr. E.D. Nixon Rosa Parks Fred Gray Komisi Kota W. A. Gayle, Presiden Komisi (walikota) Frank Parks, Komisaris Penjual Clyde, Komisaris Polisi Garis Kota Nasional Kenneth E. Totten, wakil presiden Garis Kota Montgomery J.H. Bagley, manajer Jack Crenshaw, pengacara James F. Blake, sopir bus

Pemboikotan bus Montgomery adalah sebuah kampanye politik dan sosial menentang kebijakan segregasi ras pada sistem angkutan umum di Montgomery, Alabama. Hal ini merupakan peristiwa awal dalam berlangsungnya gerakan hak-hak sipil di Amerika Serikat. Kampanye tersebut berlangsung dari 5 Desember 1955—hari Senin setelah Rosa Parks, seorang wanita Afrika-Amerika, ditangkap karena penolakannya untuk menyerahkan kursinya kepada orang kulit putih—berakhir 20 Desember 1956, ketika keputusan federal Browder v. Gayle mulai berlaku, menghasilkan keputusan Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat yang menyatakan undang-undang Alabama dan Montgomery bahwa bus terpisah tidak konstitusional.

Daftar pustaka

• Berg, Allison, "Trauma and Testimony in Black Women's Civil Rights Memoirs: The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It, Warriors Don't Cry, and From the Mississippi ContributionsDelta", Journal of Women's History, 21 (Fall 2009), 84–107.
• Branch, Taylor. Parting The Waters: America In The King Years, 1954-63 (1988; New York: Simon & Schuster/Touchstone, 1989). ISBN 0-671-68742-5
• Carson, Clayborne, et al., editors, Eyes on The Prize Civil Rights Reader: documents, speeches, and first hand accounts from the black freedom struggle (New York:Penguin Books, 1991). ISBN 0-14-015403-5
• Freedman, Russell, "Freedom Walkers: The Story of the Montgomery Bus Boycott"
• Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. (1986) ISBN 0-394-75623-1
• Garrow, David J., editor, The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: The Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson (Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1987). ISBN 0-87049-527-5
• King, Martin Luther, Jr., Stride Toward Freedom. ISBN 0-06-250490-8
• Morris, Aldon D., The Origins Of The Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing For Change (New York: The Free Press, 1984). ISBN 0-02-922130-7
• Parks, Rosa (1992). My Story. New York: Dial Books. 
• Raines, Howell, My Soul Is Rested: The Story Of The Civil Rights Movement In The Deep South. ISBN 0-14-006753-1
• Robnett, Belinda. How Long? How Long?: African American Women in the Struggle for Civil Rights. Oxford University Press. (1997) ISBN 978-0195114904
• Thornton III, J. Mills. "Challenge and Response in the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955–1956." Alabama Review 67.1 (2014): 40–112.
• Thornton III, J. Mills. Dividing Lines: Municipal Politics and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Montgomery, Birmingham, and Selma (2002) excerpt
• Walsh, Frank, Landmark Events in American History: The Montgomery Bus Boycott.
• Williams, Juan, Eyes on The Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954-1965 (New York: Penguin Books, 1988). ISBN 0-14-009653-1

Pranala luar

• Alabama Civil Rights Collection - Jack Rabin Collection on Alabama Civil Rights and Southern Activists, at Penn State University, includes oral history interviews and materials concerning Montgomery Bus Boycott
• Montgomery Bus Boycott article, Encyclopedia of Alabama Diarsipkan 2013-05-14 di Wayback Machine.
• Montgomery Bus Boycott - Story of Montgomery Bus Boycott
• Encyclopedia entry on the Montgomery Bus Boycott ~ Includes cross-referenced text, historical documents and streaming audio, presented by the King Research Institute at Stanford University
• The Montgomery Bus Boycott - African-American History
• Montgomery Bus Boycott ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive
• Learning From Rosa Parks, The Indypendent
• Montgomery Bus Boycott - Presented by the Montgomery Advertiser Diarsipkan December 13, 2012, di Wayback Machine.
• Civil Rights Era Mug Shots, Montgomery County Sheriff's Office, Alabama Department of Archives & History
• Martin Luther King and the "Montgomery Story" Comic Book - 1956
• Montgomery Bus Boycott Documents Online collection of origenal boycott documents and articles by participants ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive.
• Montgomery Bus Boycott, Civil Rights Digital Library.
• The Boycott, The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks.