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- Many protists have protective shells or tests, usually made from silica (glass) or calcium carbonate (chalk). Protists are mostly single-celled and microscopic. Their shells are often tough, mineralised forms that resist degradation, and can survive the death of the protist as a microfossil. Although protists are typically very small, they are ubiquitous. Their numbers are such that their shells play a huge part in the formation of ocean sediments and in the global cycling of elements and nutrients. (en)
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- Size comparison between the relatively large coccolithophore Scyphosphaera apsteinii and the relatively small but ubiquitous coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (en)
- ...extinct fossil (en)
- ...have plates called coccoliths (en)
- Shell micrographs (en)
- Shell of a spherical radiolarian (en)
- This is a microfossil from the Middle Ordovician with four nested spheres. The innermost sphere is highlighted red. Each segment is shown at the same scale. (en)
- Diatoms, major components of marine plankton, have silica skeletons called frustules. "The microscopic structures of diatoms help them manipulate light, leading to hopes they could be used in new technologies for light detection, computing or robotics. (en)
- Triparma laevis and a drawing of its silicate shell, scale bar = 1 μm. (en)
- Exploded drawing of the shell, D = dorsal plate, G = girdle plate, S = shield plate and V = ventral plate. (en)
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- vertical (en)
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- Drawings by Haeckel 1904 (en)
- Diatoms have a silica shell with radial or bilateral symmetry (en)
- closely replicate some radiolarian shell patterns (en)
- Foraminiferans are important unicellular zooplankton [[#Marine protists (en)
- Computer simulations of Turing patterns on a sphere (en)
- Coccolithophores build calcite skeletons important to the marine carbon cycle (en)
- Triparma laevis belongs to the Bolidophyceae, a sister taxon to the diatoms. (en)
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- Diatoms (en)
- Foraminiferan shapes (en)
- Foraminiferans (en)
- Coccolithophores (en)
- Benefits of having shells (en)
- Costs of having shells (en)
- Diatom shapes (en)
- Radiolarian shapes (en)
- Turing and radiolarian morphology (en)
- Coccolithophore shells (en)
- Fossil radiolarian (en)
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- Calcification and energetic costs of a coccolithophore cell.jpg (en)
- Benefits of calcification in coccolithophores.jpg (en)
- Comparative coccolithophore sizes.png (en)
- Foram-globigerina hg.jpg (en)
- G bulloides Brady 1884.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Thalamophora 12.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Thalamphora.jpg (en)
- Centric diatom .jpg (en)
- Discoaster surculus 01.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Diatomea 4.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Diatomea.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Phaeodaria 1.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Stephoidea edit.jpg (en)
- Marine diatoms SEM2.jpg (en)
- Pennate diatoms .jpg (en)
- Radiolarians - Actinomma sol .jpg (en)
- SEM images of pores in diatom frustules.webp (en)
- Spherical radiolarian.jpg (en)
- Micro-CT model of radiolarian, Triplococcus acanthicus.png (en)
- Triparma laevis and shell.jpg (en)
- Triparma laevis exploded shell.jpg (en)
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- Many protists have protective shells or tests, usually made from silica (glass) or calcium carbonate (chalk). Protists are mostly single-celled and microscopic. Their shells are often tough, mineralised forms that resist degradation, and can survive the death of the protist as a microfossil. Although protists are typically very small, they are ubiquitous. Their numbers are such that their shells play a huge part in the formation of ocean sediments and in the global cycling of elements and nutrients. (en)
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