Visualizing Sound Emission of Elephant Vocalizations: Evidence for Two Rumble Production Types

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048907

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Visualizing Sound Emission of Elephant Vocalizations: Evidence for Two Rumble Production Types

Figure 3

Spectral characteristics of nasal and oral rumbles.

Spectrograms and power spectra showing an example of a nasal (A, B) and an oral (C, D) rumble, indicating formant positions (both rumbles uttered by Nuanedi, 10-year-old female).

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048907.g003

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Visualizing Sound Emission of Elephant Vocalizations: Evidence for Two Rumble Production Types

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