IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems
Online ISSN : 1745-1361
Print ISSN : 0916-8532
Regular Section
NP-Hard and k-EXPSPACE-Hard Cast Puzzles
Chuzo IWAMOTOKento SASAKIKenji NISHIOKenichi MORITA
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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

2010 Volume E93.D Issue 11 Pages 2995-3004

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Abstract
A disentanglement puzzle consists of mechanically interlinked pieces, and the puzzle is solved by disentangling one piece from another set of pieces. A cast puzzle is a type of disentanglement puzzle, where each piece is a zinc die-casting alloy. In this paper, we consider the generalized cast puzzle problem whose input is the layout of a finite number of pieces (polyhedrons) in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space. For every integer k ≥ 0, we present a polynomial-time transformation from an arbitrary k-exponential-space Turing machine M and its input x to a cast puzzle c1 of size k-exponential in |x| such that M accepts x if and only if c1 is solvable. Here, the layout of c1 is encoded as a string of length polynomial (even if c1 has size k-exponential). Therefore, the cast puzzle problem of size k-exponential is k-EXPSPACE-hard for every integer k ≥ 0. We also present a polynomial-time transformation from an arbitrary instance f of the SAT problem to a cast puzzle c2 such that f is satisfiable if and only if c2 is solvable.
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© 2010 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
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