Lubnan

Republik Lubnan
الجمهورية اللبنانية (Arabic)
*al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah*
Republik Lubnan الجمهورية اللبنانية (Arabic); al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah
	Flag
	Anthem: كلّنا للوطن‎; Kullunā li-l-waṭan; "All of us, for our country!"
	Location of Lebanon (in green)
Capital om kakadayan bobos agayo	Beirut; 33°54′N 35°32′E / 33.900°N 35.533°E
Boros rasmi	Arabic
Local vernacular	Lebanese Arabic
Foreign languages	French
Tinimungan etnik (2021)	95% Arab; 4% Armenian; 1% others;
Demonim	Lebanese
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic that includes confessionalism
• President	Vacant
• Prime Minister	Najib Mikati
• Speaker of the Parliament	Nabih Berri
Kotinanan perundangan	Parliament
Establishment
• Mount Lebanon Emirate	1516
• Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon	1 Momuhau 1843
• Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate	9 Mahas 1861
• Greater Lebanon	1 Manom 1920
• Constitution	23 Mikat 1926
• Independence declared	22 Milau 1943
• French mandate ended	24 Gumas 1945
• Withdrawal of French forces	17 Ngiop 1946
• Israeli troops withdrawn	24 Mikat 2000
• Syrian troops withdrawn	30 Ngiop 2005
Area
• Total	10,452 km2 (4,036 sq mi) (161st)
• Waig (%)	1.8
Population
• 2022 estimate	5,296,814 (122nd)
• Density	560/km2 (1,450.4/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	$78.233 billion (108th)
• Per kapita	$11,793 (114th)
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Ginumu	$21.780 billion (103rd)
• Per kapita	$3,283 (133rd)
Gini (2011)	31.8; medium
HDI (2022)	0.723; high · 109th
Mato tusin	Lebanese pound (LBP)
Zon timpu	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+961
Kod ISO 3166	LB
Internet TLD	.lb; .لبنان;

33°50′N 35°50′E / 33.833°N 35.833°E / 33.833; 35.833 Lubnan (Arab: لُبْنَان‎, rumi: Lubnān) toi ko' ngaran di poimbantug Republik Lubnan (Arab: جُمْهُورِيَّة اللبنانيَّة‎, rumi: Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah) nopo nga iso pogun id kotonobon rahat Asia poinghapak do Rahat Mediterranean id ponong kotonobon om miwolit do Syria miampai Palestine.

Kahapas Perang Saudara Lubnan (1975-1990), pogun diti nopo nga nokoingkawas om nokoburu o kopotundaan lolobi id industri kotombuluian, pomutanaman om sektor perbankan. Lubnan nopo nga roitan nogi sabaagi longkod perbankan id pogun Arab om noitutunan nogi sabaagi "Switzerland Timur Tengah" tu koingkawason id kousinan. Lubnan nogi nga mamagayat ogumu tutumumbului id kakadayan, Beirut gisom namaan pomungaranai do "Paris Timur Tengah".

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↑ Article 11 of the Constitution of Lebanon states: "Arabic is the official national language. A law shall determine the cases in which the French language can be used." See French language in Lebanon.
↑ The Maronite and Melkite communities are known to oppose being characterized as Arab,^[3]^[4] but from a statistical perspective are often counted as such.

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↑ Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama article_11
↑ Simpson, Andrew (2 Milatok 2019). Language and Society: An Introduction (id boros Inggilis). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-094020-1.
↑ Khashan, Hilal (Momuhau 1990). "The Political Values of Lebanese Maronite College Students". The Journal of Conflict Resolution. 34 (4): 723–744. doi:10.1177/0022002790034004007. ISSN 0022-0027. JSTOR 174186. S2CID 145632505. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 15 Madas 2023. Linoyog ontok 15 Madas 2023. The heritage of the Maronites is perceived as anything Phoenician, Greco-Roman, Mediterranean, or internationalist, but not Arab.
↑
- Hajjar, George (2002). "Aspects of Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Lebanon" (PDF). hartsem.edu. Hartford International University for Religion and Peace. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 28 Madas 2021. Linoyog ontok 27 Gomot 2021. In recent years, the Melkites, like the Maronites, have denied affiliation with Arab ethnicity, race and culture.
↑ "Lebanon - the World Factbook". 23 Manom 2021. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 11 Milatok 2021. Linoyog ontok 21 Mikat 2021.
↑ "The Lebanese Constitution" (PDF). Presidency of Lebanon. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 19 Milatok 2012. Linoyog ontok 20 Magus 2011.
↑ "Lebanon". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Linoyog ontok 24 Manom 2022. (Archived 2022 edition)
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Lebanon)". International Monetary Fund. 10 Gumas 2023. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 17 Gumas 2023. Linoyog ontok 15 Gumas 2023.
↑ "Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 17 Madas 2021. Linoyog ontok 16 Madas 2021.
↑ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF) (id boros Inggilis). United Nations Development Programme. 13 Gomot 2024. p. 275. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 13 Gomot 2024. Linoyog ontok 9 Mikat 2024.
↑ "Driving in Lebanon". adcidl.com. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 17 Milatok 2013. Linoyog ontok 17 Milatok 2013.
↑ Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama cia

[3] Article 11 of the Constitution of Lebanon states: "Arabic is the official national language. A law shall determine the cases in which the French language can be used." See French language in Lebanon.

[6] The Maronite and Melkite communities are known to oppose being characterized as Arab,^[3]^[4] but from a statistical perspective are often counted as such.

[article_11-1] Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama article_11

[2] Simpson, Andrew (2 Milatok 2019). Language and Society: An Introduction (id boros Inggilis). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-094020-1.

[Khashan_723–744-4] Khashan, Hilal (Momuhau 1990). "The Political Values of Lebanese Maronite College Students". The Journal of Conflict Resolution. 34 (4): 723–744. doi:10.1177/0022002790034004007. ISSN 0022-0027. JSTOR 174186. S2CID 145632505. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 15 Madas 2023. Linoyog ontok 15 Madas 2023. The heritage of the Maronites is perceived as anything Phoenician, Greco-Roman, Mediterranean, or internationalist, but not Arab.

[5] 
Hajjar, George (2002). "Aspects of Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Lebanon" (PDF). hartsem.edu. Hartford International University for Religion and Peace. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 28 Madas 2021. Linoyog ontok 27 Gomot 2021. In recent years, the Melkites, like the Maronites, have denied affiliation with Arab ethnicity, race and culture.

[7] Hajjar, George (2002). "Aspects of Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Lebanon" (PDF). hartsem.edu. Hartford International University for Religion and Peace. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 28 Madas 2021. Linoyog ontok 27 Gomot 2021. In recent years, the Melkites, like the Maronites, have denied affiliation with Arab ethnicity, race and culture.

[7] "Lebanon - the World Factbook". 23 Manom 2021. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 11 Milatok 2021. Linoyog ontok 21 Mikat 2021.

[constitution-8] "The Lebanese Constitution" (PDF). Presidency of Lebanon. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 19 Milatok 2012. Linoyog ontok 20 Magus 2011.

[9] "Lebanon". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Linoyog ontok 24 Manom 2022. (Archived 2022 edition)

[IMFWEO.LB-10] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Lebanon)". International Monetary Fund. 10 Gumas 2023. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 17 Gumas 2023. Linoyog ontok 15 Gumas 2023.

[wb-gini-11] "Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 17 Madas 2021. Linoyog ontok 16 Madas 2021.

[UNHDR-12] "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF) (id boros Inggilis). United Nations Development Programme. 13 Gomot 2024. p. 275. Pinoopi (PDF) mantad sanḏad ontok 13 Gomot 2024. Linoyog ontok 9 Mikat 2024.

[13] "Driving in Lebanon". adcidl.com. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 17 Milatok 2013. Linoyog ontok 17 Milatok 2013.

[cia-14] Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama cia

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