Wikipedia

Craigieburn line

(Redirected from Craigieburn railway line)
This article is about the Metro Trains Melbourne service. For the physical railway itself, see North East railway line.

The Craigieburn line is a commuter railway line in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[1] Operated by Metro Trains Melbourne, it is the city's seventh shortest metropolitan railway line at 27.0 kilometres (16.8 mi). The line runs from Flinders Street station in central Melbourne to Craigieburn station in the north, serving 21 stations via North Melbourne, Essendon, and Broadmeadows.[2] The line operates for approximately 19 hours a day (from approximately 5:00 am to around 12:00 am) with 24 hour service available on Friday and Saturday nights. During peak hour, headways of up to 5 minutes are operated with services every 20–30 minutes during off-peak hours.[3] Trains on the Craigieburn line run with a two three-car formations of Comeng or Siemens Nexas trainsets.[4]

Craigieburn
Railways in Melbourne
Comeng 614M on an up Craigieburn service towards Flinders Street arrives at Glenroy station Platform 1.
Flinders Street-bound Comeng arrives at
Glenroy station, June 2022
Overview
Service typeCommuter rail
SystemMelbourne railway network
StatusOperational
LocaleMelbourne, Victoria, Australia
Predecessor
  • Essendon (1860–1864)
  • Essendon (1871–1872)
  • Seymour (1872–2007)
  • Essendon ^ (1919–1921)
  • Broadmeadows ^ (1921–2007)
^ are electric services
First service21 October 1860; 164 years ago (1860-10-21)
Current operator(s)Metro Trains
Former operator(s)
Route
TerminiFlinders Street
Craigieburn
Stops21 (including City Loop stations)
Distance travelled27.0 km (16.8 mi)
Average journey time44 minutes (not via City Loop)
Service frequency
  • 5–20 minutes weekdays peak
  • 20 minutes weekdays off-peak
  • 20 minutes weekend daytime
  • 30 minutes nights
  • 60 minutes early weekend mornings
Line(s) usedAlbury
Technical
Rolling stockComeng, Siemens
Track gauge1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)
Electrification1500 V DC overhead
Track owner(s)VicTrack

Services on the line began from North Melbourne to Essendon by the Melbourne & Essendon Railway Company in November 1860. It was closed shortly after, however, the Victorian Railways reopened the Flemington Racecourse line (including the Essendon line as far as Newmarket) in November 1867, and in January 1871, to Essendon.[5] The line was progressively electrified and, in 1921, the line was electrified to Broadmeadows, where it remained till the extension of electrification in 2007.[5]

Since the 2000s, due to the heavily utilised infrastructure of the Craigieburn line, improvements and upgrades have been made. Works have included replacing sleepers, upgrading signalling technology, the extension of the line to Craigieburn, the construction of new stations, the removal of level crossings, the introduction of new rolling stock, and station accessibility upgrades.[6]

History

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19th century

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The line from North Melbourne to Essendon was opened by the Melbourne & Essendon Railway Company in November 1860.[7] Soon after, the company opened a branch from Newmarket to Flemington Racecourse.[7] Both lines were closed shortly after, in July 1864. The Victorian Railways reopened the Flemington Racecourse line (including the Essendon line as far as Newmarket) in November 1867, and in January 1871, to Essendon. In April 1872, the line was extended to a temporary terminus outside Seymour, awaiting completion of a bridge over the Goulburn River. In December 1894, through services were provided from Essendon to Brighton Beach on the Sandringham line.[8]

20th century

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Automatic Block Signalling was introduced on the line in 1918, with Kensington to Essendon being converted in June of that year, and North Melbourne to Kensington in October. In May 1919, Flinders Street to Essendon and the Sandringham line were the first lines to be electrified in Melbourne, apart from a test installation on the Flemington Racecourse line.[5] In 1921, the line was electrified to Broadmeadows, where it remained till the extension of electrification in 2007.

In January 1924, an extra pair of tracks, including a flying junction, opened between North Melbourne and Kensington, enabling the separation of passenger and goods traffic in the busy section. Further works were carried out in 1929, when the double tracked Albion–Jacana freight line opened, permitting freight trains to avoid the line via Essendon.[9]

A branch line was opened during the Second World War to Broadstore, designed to connect Broadmeadows station with the Maygar Barracks. The line opened on 12 October 1942 and remaining in operation until 1982, when usage of the base began to cease.[10]

Automatic Block Signalling was extended to Broadmeadows in November 1965.[11]

21st century

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Main article: Craigieburn railway line § Future

In 2003, an unmanned suburban train rolled the length of the line from Broadmeadows station for nearly 17 kilometres (11 mi), eventually crashing into another stationary train at Spencer Street station. 11 people sustained minor injuries, however, nobody was seriously injured or killed from the accident.[12]

 
Craigieburn station was rebuilt as part of the extension.

On 30 September 2007, electrification of the Broadmeadows line was extended along the regional V/Line tracks to Craigieburn.[13] The Craigieburn rail project delivered projects including:[14]

  • Upgrading Craigieburn station to premium station status
  • A new station at Roxburgh Park
  • New train stabling facilities at Craigieburn
  • Construction of overhead wiring system with new sub-stations
  • Installation of new signalling systems along the Broadmeadows—Craigieburn corridor
  • The provision for a new station at Coolaroo (this ended up being built under another government)

The Craigieburn Rail project started construction in May 2005 and was completed in late September 2007. An additional set of projects were delivered later on, with a new station at Coolaroo opened in 2010 and the construction of a fully-fledged train maintenance facility under the Brumby government.[15]

Level Crossing Removals

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Glenroy station was rebuilt as part of the adjacent level crossing removal.

The Level Crossing Removal Project announced the removal of 2 level crossings on the line, to be completed in stages from 2018 to 2022. In 2018, one level crossing was removed at Buckley Street, Essendon. The crossing was removed by lowering the road line underneath the rail line.[16] The second crossing to be removed was the one at Glenroy Road, Glenroy, by lowering the rail line underneath the road.[17] In addition, Glenroy station was rebuilt with a modern, wheelchair accessible, lowered design.[18] As a result of these removals, the Craigieburn line now has five remaining crossings on the corridor that are not slated for removal.

Future

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Wallan extension

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Highlighted in the 2018 Victorian Rail Plan, a proposal exists for the Craigieburn line to be connected to the Upfield line, via the construction of a rail link along the Somerton rail corridor. In addition, the Upfield line would be extended to Wallan. The 2018 Victorian Rail Plan has proposed the following projects take place as part of the Wallan extension:[19][20]

Stage Project Notes
Stage 2 (Metro Tunnel Day One) Rerouting of Seymour and Shepparton services via the Upfield line instead of the Craigieburn line This project is meant to be completed by the opening of the Metro Tunnel in 2025, however, there has not been any recent progress
Stage 3 Somerton to Craigieburn quadruplication
Stage 4 Extension of the Upfield line to Wallan
  • Electrifying the Somerton link
  • Electrifying the regional track between Craigieburn and Wallan
  • Upgrading Wallan and Donnybrook stations
  • Constructing a new station at Lockerbie
  • Reopening Beveridge station
 The Craigieburn line would remain terminating at Craigieburn station, with the Upfield line continuing past Craigieburn, stopping at 3 other stations before terminating at Wallan

In 2018, the government announced that a business case would be completed for to further investigate the positivity for these series of projects to commence.[19] A business case was completed, however, it was not released to the public. Since the business case in 2018, there has been little developments despite the 'Metro Tunnel Day One' milestone of the 2018 Plan fast approaching. Only a small amount of attention has been given by local residents, council, an action group and some political parties.[21]

Network and operations

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Services

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Services on the Craigieburn line operates from approximately 5:00 am to around 12:00 daily.[1] In general, during peak hours, train frequency is 5–10 minutes in the AM peak on the Craigieburn line while during non-peak hours the frequency is reduced to 20–30 minutes throughout the entire route.[3] On Friday nights and weekends, services run 24 hours a day, with 60 minute frequencies available outside of normal operating hours.[22]

Train services on the Craigieburn line are also subjected to maintenance and renewal works, usually on selected Fridays and Saturdays. Shuttle bus services are provided throughout the duration of works for affected commuters.[23]

Stopping patterns

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Legend — Station status

  • ◼ Premium Station – Station staffed from first to last train
  • ◻ Host Station – Usually staffed during morning peak, however this can vary for different stations on the network.

Legend — Stopping patterns
Some services do not operate via the City Loop

  • ● – All trains stop
  • ◐ – Some services do not stop
  • ▼ – Only outbound trains stop
  • | – Trains pass and do not stop
Craigieburn Services[24]
Station Zone Local Ltd Express Broadmeadows
◼ Flagstaff 1 ◐ ◐ ◐
◼ Melbourne Central ◐ ◐ ◐
◼ Parliament ◐ ◐ ◐
◼ Flinders Street ● ● ●
◼ Southern Cross ◐ ◐ ◐
◼ North Melbourne ● ▼ ●
◻ Kensington ● | ●
◻ Newmarket ● | ●
◻ Ascot Vale ● | ●
◻ Moonee Ponds ● | ●
◼ Essendon ● ▼ ●
◻ Glenbervie ● ▼ ●
◻ Strathmore ● ▼ ●
◻ Pascoe Vale 1/2 ● ▼ ●
◻ Oak Park ● ▼ ●
◼ Glenroy ● ▼ ●
◻ Jacana 2 ● ▼ ●
◼ Broadmeadows ● ▼ ●
◻ Coolaroo ● ▼
◻ Roxburgh Park ● ▼
◼ Craigieburn ● ●

Operators

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The Craigieburn line has had a total of 8 operators since its opening in 1860. The majority of operations throughout its history have been government run: from the acquisition of the service from private operator the Melbourne and Essendon Railway Company in 1871 until the 1999 privatisation of Melbourne's rail network, four different government operators have run the line.[25] These operators, Victorian Railways, the Metropolitan Transit Authority, the Public Transport Corporation, and Bayside Trains have a combined operational length of 129 years.

Bayside Trains was privatised in August 1998 and later rebranded M>Train. In 2002, M>Train was placed into receivership and the state government regained ownership of the line, with KPMG appointed as receivers to operate M>Train on behalf of the state government.[26][27][28] Two years later, rival train operator Connex Melbourne took over the M>Train operations including the Frankston line. Metro Trains Melbourne, the current private operator, then took over the operations in 2009. The private operators have had a combined operational period of 30 years.[29]

Past and present operators of the Craigieburn line:
Operator Assumed operations Ceased operations Length of operations
Melbourne and Essendon Railway Company 1860 1864 4 years
Victorian Railways 1871 1983 112 years
Metropolitan Transit Authority 1983 1989 6 years
Public Transport Corporation 1989 1998 9 years
Bayside Trains (government operator) 1998 2000 2 years
M>Train 2000 2004 4 years
Connex Melbourne 2004 2009 5 years
Metro Trains Melbourne 2009 incumbent 14 years (ongoing)

Route

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For information about about the actual track, see North East railway line.
 
Interactive map of the Craigieburn line in northern Melbourne.

The Craigieburn line forms a somewhat linear route from the Melbourne central business district to its terminus in Craigieburn. The route is 27.0 kilometres (16.8 mi) long and is fully double tracked. The only underground section of the Craigieburn line is in the City Loop, where the service stops at 3 underground stations.[30] Exiting the city, the line steadily rises after leaving North Melbourne until after Essendon, when it then drops slightly to cross Moonee Ponds Creek. Soon after the line encounters the Glenroy Bank, a continuous rising gradient of 1 in 50 for almost 3 kilometres (1.9 mi). After Glenroy, it continues to rise to the end of the suburban line (and beyond). Some sections of the line has been elevated or lowered into a cutting to eliminate level crossings.[31] Despite some removals, there are a number of level crossings still present with no current plans to remove them.

The line follows the same alignment as multiple lines with the Craigieburn line splitting off at North Melbourne. The Craigieburn line continues on its north western alignment, whereas the other lines continue onto a northern, western, or south-western alignment.[32] Most of the rail line goes through built-up suburbs and some industrial areas.[32]

Stations

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The line serves 21 stations across 27.0 kilometres (16.8 mi) of track. The stations are a mix of elevated, lowered, underground, and ground level designs. Underground stations are present only in the City Loop, with the majority of elevated and lowered stations being constructed as part of level crossing removals.[33][17]

Station Accessibility Opened Terrain Train connections Other connections
Flinders Street Yes—step free access 1854[34] Lowered
16 connections
    
Southern Cross 1859[34] Ground level
27 connections
        
Parliament 1983[34] Underground
10 connections
  
Melbourne Central 1981[34]    
Flagstaff 1985[34]  
North Melbourne 1859[34] Ground level
7 connections
  
Kensington No—steep ramp 1860[34]  
Newmarket  
Ascot Vale    
Moonee Ponds
Essendon
2 connections
Glenbervie 1922[34]  
Strathmore 1890[34]
Pascoe Vale Yes—step free access 1885[34]
Oak Park No—steep ramp 1956[34]
Glenroy Yes—step free access 1887[34] Lowered  
Jacana No—steep ramp 1959[34] Ground level
Broadmeadows Yes—step free access 1873[34]
4 connections
  
Coolaroo 2010[34]
Roxburgh Park 2007[34]
Craigieburn 1872[34]
2 connections
Station histories
Station Opened[35] Closed[35] Age Notes[35]
Flagstaff 27 May 1985 39 years
Melbourne Central 26 January 1981 43 years
  • Formerly Museum
Parliament 22 January 1983 41 years
Flinders Street 12 September 1854 170 years
  • Formerly Melbourne Terminus
Southern Cross 17 January 1859 165 years
  • Formerly Batman's Hill
  • Formerly Spencer Street
North Melbourne 6 October 1859 165 years
Kensington 1 November 1860 1 July 1864 3 years
9 October 1871 153 years
Newmarket 1 November 1860 1 July 1864 3 years
9 October 1871 153 years
Ascot Vale 1 November 1860 1 July 1864 3 years
9 October 1871 153 years
Moonee Ponds 1 November 1860 1 July 1864 3 years
9 October 1871 153 years
Essendon 1 November 1860 1 July 1864 3 years
9 October 1871 153 years
Glenbervie 11 September 1922 102 years
Strathmore 28 October 1890 134 years
  • Formerly North Essendon
Pascoe Vale 10 November 1885 138 years
Oak Park 13 August 1956 68 years
Glenroy 24 January 1887 137 years
Jacana 15 February 1959 65 years
Broadmeadows 1 February 1873 151 years
Broadstore Siding 12 October 1942 c. 1980's Approx. 38 years
Coolaroo 6 June 2010 14 years
Roxburgh Park 18 April 1872 24 September 1963 91 years
  • Was originally Somerton
1 October 2007 17 years
  • Reopened as Roxburgh Park
Somerton Yard 30 June 1889 135 years
Craigieburn 18 April 1872 152 years

Infrastructure

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Rolling stock

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Main articles: Siemens Nexas and Comeng
 
A Comeng EMU at the old Glenroy station prior to its 2022 rebuild.

The Craigieburn line uses two different types of electric multiple unit (EMU) trains that are operated in a split six-car configuration. The primary rolling stock featured on the line is the Comeng EMUs, built by Commonwealth Engineering between 1981 and 1988.[36] These train sets are the oldest on the Melbourne rail network and subsequently will be replaced by the mid 2030s.[37] The second type of rolling stock is the Siemens Nexas EMUs which are also widely featured on the line, originally built between 2002 and 2005, these train sets feature more modern technology than the Comeng trains.[38]

Alongside the passenger trains, Craigieburn line tracks and equipment are maintained by a fleet of engineering trains. The four types of engineering trains are: the shunting train; designed for moving trains along non-electrified corridors and for transporting other maintenance locomotives, for track evaluation; designed for evaluating track and its condition, the overhead inspection train; designed for overhead wiring inspection, and the infrastructure evaluation carriage designed for general infrastructure evaluation.[39] Most of these trains are repurposed locomotives previously used by V/Line, Metro Trains, and the Southern Shorthaul Railroad.[39]

Planned rolling stock

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Main article: X'Trapolis 2.0

From the middle of 2020s, the next generation of the X'Trapolis family of electric EMUs—the X'Trapolis 2.0—will be introduced. This new model will fully replace the existing fleet of Comeng EMUs currently operating on the line currently with new, modern, and technologically advanced trains. The new trains will feature:[40]

  • Modernised doors to reduce the boarding times at stations to under 40 seconds
  • Passenger information systems to display that train's journey in real time
  • Higher energy efficiency to work with a lower network voltage, to fit in line with modern rail systems overseas
  • New interior designs including tip-up seating to allow space for wheelchair spaces.
  • Designated bicycle storage areas
  • Passenger operated automatic wheelchair ramps located behind driver cabs
  • 6 car fully walk through carriages

Accessibility

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Roxburgh Park station features accessible elevators and ramps.

In compliance with the Disability Discrimination Act of 1992, all stations that are new-built or rebuilt are fully accessible and comply with these guidelines.[41] Just over half of the stations on the corridor are fully accessible, however, there are some stations that haven't been upgraded to meet these guidelines.[42] These stations do feature ramps, however, they have a gradient greater than 1 in 14.[42] Stations that are fully accessible feature ramps that have a gradient less than 1 in 14, have at-grade paths, or feature lifts.[42] These stations typically also feature tactile boarding indicators, independent boarding ramps, wheelchair accessible myki barriers, hearing loops, and widened paths.[42][43]

Projects improving station accessibility have included the Level Crossing Removal Project, which involves station rebuilds and upgrades, and individual station upgrade projects.[44][45] These works have made significant strides in improving network accessibility, with more than 57% of Craigieburn line stations classed as fully accessible. Future station upgrade projects will continue to increase the number of fully accessible stations overtime.

Signalling

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The Craigieburn line uses three position signalling which is widely used across the Melbourne train network.[46] Three position signalling was first introduced in 1918, with the final section of the line converted to the new type of signalling in 2007.[47][48]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Craigieburn Line". Public Transport Victoria. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  2. ^ "Metro's paper timetables mess". Daniel Bowen. 3 September 2017. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  3. ^ a b "New timetable train line information – Public Transport Victoria". 1 March 2021. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  4. ^ Carey, Adam (7 November 2014). "Trains are working better but seating not guaranteed". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  5. ^ a b c "SUBURBAN ELECTRIFICATION". Argus. 2 July 1906. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  6. ^ Victoria’s Big Build (22 June 2022). "Moreland Road, Brunswick". Victoria’s Big Build. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  7. ^ a b "OPENING OF THE MELBOURNE AND ESSENDON RAILWAY". Age. 23 October 1860. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  8. ^ "BRIGHTON TRAIN SERVICE". Caulfield and Elsternwick Leader. 1 July 1899. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  9. ^ "VR History". victorianrailways.net. Archived from the original on 30 May 2008. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
  10. ^ "Broadstore Line 1991". Mike Forsberg. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  11. ^ "NEW COLORED LIGHT RAILWAY SIGNALS". Newcastle Sun. 8 July 1938. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  12. ^ "Eleven injured in runaway train drama". The Age. 4 February 2003. Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  13. ^ "Public transport – Craigieburn Rail Project – News and publications". Department of Infrastructure. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
  14. ^ "Craigieburn Rail Project". Railway Technology. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  15. ^ Wong, Marcus (27 July 2015). "Penny-pinching at Craigieburn station". Waking up in Geelong. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  16. ^ Victoria’s Big Build (21 June 2022). "Buckley Street, Essendon". Victoria’s Big Build. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  17. ^ a b Victoria’s Big Build (14 September 2022). "Glenroy Road, Glenroy". Victoria’s Big Build. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  18. ^ Victoria’s Big Build (11 May 2022). "New Glenroy Station opens to passengers". Victoria’s Big Build. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  19. ^ a b Jacks, Timna (6 November 2018). "Sluggish Upfield's service boost still seven years away". The Age. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  20. ^ "Exclusive: Secret rail blueprint for Melbourne revealed". www.9news.com.au. 16 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  21. ^ Russell, Jackson (26 August 2020). "New plan to transform the Melbourne's north". The North Central Review. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  22. ^ "Melbourne Weekend Night Network Train Map" (PDF). 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  23. ^ "Where do train replacement buses come from?". ABC News. 15 November 2016. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  24. ^ "Craigieburn Line". Public Transport Victoria. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  25. ^ "Melbourne's Rail Network to be Split" Railway Digest November 1997 page 12
  26. ^ National Express walks out of Australian rail service Archived 12 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine The Daily Telegraph (London) 17 December 2002
  27. ^ Receivers take over train, tram group Archived 26 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Age 24 December 2002
  28. ^ Victorian passenger services get new managers Archived 25 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Rail Express 28 January 2003
  29. ^ Cooper, Mex (25 June 2009). "New train, tram operators for Melbourne". The Age. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  30. ^ "Guide to navigating the City Loop | Public Transport Users Association (Victoria, Australia)". Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  31. ^ Wong, Marcus (10 May 2021). "Level crossing removals in 1920s Melbourne". Waking up in Geelong. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  32. ^ a b Wray, Tyson (19 January 2017). "Melbourne's train lines definitively ranked from best to worst". Time Out Melbourne. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  33. ^ Lee, Robert S. (2007). The railways of Victoria 1854–2004. Rosemary Annable, Donald S. Garden. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Publishing. ISBN 978-0-522-85134-2. OCLC 224727085. Archived from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "What year did your railway station open? | Public Transport Users Association (Victoria, Australia)". 3 August 2018. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  35. ^ a b c Anderson, Rick (2010). Stopping All Stations. Clunes, Victoria: Full Parallel Productions. ISBN 978-0646543635. OCLC 671303814.
  36. ^ "archive.ph". archive.ph. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  37. ^ Jacks, Timna (18 May 2021). "Ballarat plant bags $1b contract for 25 new Melbourne trains". The Age. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  38. ^ "Siemens AG – Siemens Transportation Systems wins major contract in Australia". 22 November 2005. Archived from the original on 22 November 2005. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  39. ^ a b "NETWORK SERVICE PLAN | Addenda". 1 February 2011. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011.
  40. ^ Jacks, Timna (15 July 2019). "New train designs revealed, but contract under threat". The Age. Archived from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  41. ^ "Accessibility – Public Transport Ombudsman Victoria". www.ptovic.com.au. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  42. ^ a b c d "Station accessibility features". Metro Trains Melbourne. 2023. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  43. ^ "Accessing public transport". City of Melbourne. n.d. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  44. ^ "Left behind: the fight for accessible public transport in Victoria". the Guardian. 12 June 2022. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  45. ^ Victoria’s Big Build (17 October 2022). "Urban design framework". Victoria’s Big Build. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  46. ^ "A walk around Gunning". vrhistory.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  47. ^ "National Code 3-Position Speed Signalling" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  48. ^ Chan, Ray (25 April 2022). "New signalling system for regional rail line". Rail Express. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
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