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The Democratic Unity Roundtable (Spanish: Mesa de la Unidad Democrática, MUD) was a catch-all electoral coalition of Venezuelan political parties formed in January 2008 to unify the opposition to President Hugo Chávez's United Socialist Party of Venezuela in the 2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election.[5] A previous opposition umbrella group, the Coordinadora Democrática, had collapsed after the failure of the 2004 Venezuelan recall referendum.
Democratic Unity Roundtable Mesa de la Unidad Democrática | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Founded | 23 January 2008 |
| Dissolved | 21 April 2021[citation needed] |
| Succeeded by | Unitary Platform |
| Ideology | Liberal democracy Anti-Chavism[1] Factions: Christian democracy Social democracy[2] Social liberalism[3] Progressivism Economic liberalism |
| Political position | Centre[A][4] |
| Colors | (Venezuelan national colors) Blue (customary) |
| Website | |
| unidadvenezuela.org | |
^ A: MUD includes a few centre-left and centre-right parties as well. | |
The coalition was made of primarily centrist and centre-left parties.[4][failed verification] The main components were Democratic Action and Copei, the two parties who dominated Venezuelan politics from 1959 to 1999. Since the 2013 Venezuelan presidential election, Justice First became the largest opposition party, and Henrique Capriles Radonski became the leader of the opposition.
In the 2015 parliamentary election, the coalition became the largest group in the National Assembly with 112 out of 167 (a supermajority), ending sixteen years of PSUV rule of the country's unicameral parliament. In the 2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election, the MUD boycotted the election, and as the National Assembly itself lost most of its power, PSUV retook its parliamentary majority.[6]
In July 2018, Democratic Action, one of the largest and most distinguished parties of the MUD, said they will leave the coalition.[7]
Overview
editThe MUD was formally launched on 23 January 2008 and restructured on 8 June 2009.[5][8] In June 2009 MUD included 11 political parties, and was led by Luis Ignacio Planas, President of Copei.[5] By April 2010 the MUD included around 50 political parties, of which 16 were national in scope (the rest regional), and had support from some other social organisations and opinion groups.[9] The main parties included in MUD are Democratic Action and Copei, the two parties who dominated Venezuelan politics from 1959 to 1999; the dissenting left-wing parties Movement for Socialism, Radical Cause and Red Flag Party; and more recently established parties Project Venezuela, A New Era, Justice First and For Social Democracy ("PODEMOS").[9]
The MUD was supported by the Movimiento 2D opposition movement led by El Nacional editor and proprietor Miguel Henrique Otero.
Ramón Guillermo Aveledo[10] served as the MUD's Executive Secretary from March 2009 to July 2014.[11]
The journalist Jesús "Chúo" Torrealba became the coalition's current Executive Secretary in September 2014.[12]
The MUD declared common ideological points between its members in its National Unity Agreement. They support autonomy of State institutions. Furthermore, its members represent and foster ideological pluralism within the democratic Left. MUD supports freedom of work, property, press, and free education. It advocates decentralize power and federalization. It also promotes public security, defense of private property and economic freedoms, quality education, job creation, and job creation and fair distribution of income from national oil reserves. The MUD wants a foreign policy based on solidarity, especially Venezuela's neighbors. It also wants various policies to make Venezuela more democratic, especially in regards to reducing the institutional influence of the military and reforming electoral laws.
In early September 2012, David De Lima, a former governor of Anzoategui, published a document he said showed secret MUD plans to implement much more neoliberal policy, if elected, than their public statements showed. De Lima said the document was a form of policy pact between some of the candidates in the MUD primary, including Capriles.[13] On 6 September 2012, opposition legislator William Ojeda denounced these plans and the "neoliberal obsessions" of his colleagues in the MUD;[14] he was suspended by his A New Era party the following day.[15] One small coalition party claimed De Lima had offered them money to withdraw from the MUD;[16] De Lima denied the claim.[17]
2010 legislative elections
editIn April 2010 the MUD held primaries in 15 electoral districts, with 361,000 voters participating, and selecting 22 candidates (the remaining 143 candidates were chosen "by consensus"[9]).[9] The candidates chosen included María Corina Machado (of Súmate) and Iván Simonovis, one of nine police officials allegedly serving time for participating in the alleged 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt.[9] Several others of the nine, regarded by the MUD as political prisoners, were also nominated, in districts with a real chance of opposition success;[9] winning would require their release because of parliamentary immunity.[9] Manuel Rosales, the opposition's candidate in the 2006 Venezuelan presidential election and now in exile in Peru due to corruption charges (which Rosales denies), was also nominated.[9]
In the September 2010 election for the National Assembly of Venezuela the MUD won around 47% of the vote nationally; however, it only gained 64 seats (out of 165) due to changes in population-vote distribution introduced by the incumbent national assembly that had a government party supermajority. In the same elections, the United Socialist Party of Venezuela won 48% of the vote and 98 seats, while the Patria Para Todos (PPT) party got only 2 seats.[18] Notable new deputies included María Corina Machado and Enrique Mendoza.
2012 presidential election
editThe MUD held an open primary election on 12 February 2012.[19] Henrique Capriles Radonski won the opposition primaries with 1,900,528 (64.2%) votes of the 3,059,024 votes cast (votes abroad not included).[20] The other candidates on the 12 February 2012 primary ballot were:[20]
- Pablo Pérez Álvarez: governor of Zulia state, representing the A New Era party; received 30.3% of the vote.[20]
- María Corina Machado: former Súmate president and member of the National Assembly of Venezuela representing the Miranda state since 2011; received 3.7% of the vote.[20]
- Diego Arria: former Venezuelan representative to the United Nations (1990–91) and former governor of the defunct Federal District (1974–78); received 1.3% of the vote.[20]
- Pablo Medina: politician and former trade union leader, supported by the trade unions; received 0.5% of the vote.[20]
2015 legislative elections
edit
In December 2015, MUD won 112 of the 167 seats in the National Assembly, a two-thirds supermajority.[21]
Member parties
edit| Party name | Acronym | Leader | Main ideology | Seats in the AN | International Associations | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Justice First Primero Justicia |
PJ | Henrique Capriles Radonski | Humanism | 33 / 167
|
None | |
| A New Era Un Nuevo Tiempo |
UNT | Manuel Rosales | Social democracy | 18 / 167
|
Socialist International | |
| Popular Will Voluntad Popular |
VP | Leopoldo López | Progressivism Social democracy |
14 / 167
|
Socialist International | |
| Radical Cause La Causa Radical |
LCR | Andrés Velásquez | Labourism | 4 / 167
|
None | |
| Progressive Movement of Venezuela Movimiento Progresista de Venezuela |
MPV | Simón Calzadilla | Progressivism | 4 / 167
|
None | |
| Project Venezuela Proyecto Venezuela |
PRVZL | Henrique Salas Feo | Liberal conservatism | 2 / 167
|
IDU, UPLA | |
| Clear Accounts Cuentas Claras |
CC | Vicencio Scarano | Progressivism | 2 / 167
|
None | |
| Progressive Advance Avanzada Progresista |
AP | Henri Falcón | Democratic socialism[citation needed] | 2 / 167
|
None | |
| Fearless People's Alliance Alianza Bravo Pueblo |
ABP | Antonio Ledezma | Social democracy | 1 / 167
|
None | |
| Emergent People Gente Emergente |
GE | Julio César Reyes | Social democracy | 1 / 167
|
None | |
| National Convergence Convergencia Nacional |
CN | Juan José Caldera | Christian democracy | 0 / 167
|
ODCA (observer) | |
| Movement for a Responsible, Sustainable and Entrepreneurial Venezuela Movimiento por una Venezuela Responsable, Sostenible y Emprendedora |
MOVERSE | Alexis Romero | Green politics | 0 / 167
|
None | |
| Ecological Movement of Venezuela Movimiento Ecológico de Venezuela |
MOVEV | Manuel Díaz | Green politics | 0 / 167
|
Global Greens | |
Former member parties
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2016) |
The Christian democratic Copei party was not a member of the coalition in the 2015 parliamentary election, despite having been a founding member of the MUD.
The Communist Red Flag Party was a member of the coalition and supported the opposition candidate Henrique Capriles Radonski in the 2012 presidential election, but due to different objectives, the Red Flag Party stepped out of the MUD.[22]
In August 2017, Come Venezuela left the Democratic Unity Roundtable over a disagreement regarding electoral participation.[23]
In July 2018, the social democratic Democratic Action left the Democratic Unity Roundtable.[24]
Electoral results
editPresidential elections
edit| Election year | Name | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Henrique Capriles | 6,591,304 | 44.31 (#2) |
| Member of Justice First party in coalition. Lost. | |||
| 2013 | Henrique Capriles | 7,363,980 | 49.12 (#2) |
| Member of Justice First party in coalition. Lost. | |||
Parliamentary elections
edit| Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 5,334,309 (#2) | 47.2% | 67 / 165
|
–
|
|
| 2015[25] | 7,707,422 (#1) | 56.3% | 109 / 167
|
 32 |
See also
edit- Coordinadora Democrática
- Great Patriotic Pole — political coalition led by President Nicolas Maduro
References
edit- ^ Meza, Alfredo (7 December 2015). "¿Quiénes forman en Venezuela la Mesa de Unidad Democrática?". El País.
- ^ Fernández Álvarez, Ángel (29 April 2018). Salvemos Venezuela.
And that, the truth, is a latent risk because the only thing that appears until now, is the plan of the social-democratic parties united in the so-called MUD.
- ^ "Ante la situación en Venezuela ¿Podrá continuar la MUD sin definir un líder?". MiamiDiario (in Spanish). 8 March 2017. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
the Democratic Unity Table (MUD), when it was formed as the coalition of the opposition parties of Venezuela, to face the government of the late Hugo Chávez. But it has been a difficult path that has transited until now, because they converge 20 parties ranging from social democracy to liberalism
- ^ a b "AFP: La oposición venezolana, un bloque contra Maduro dividido y debilitado". El Nacional (in Spanish). 26 October 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
Gathered in the Democratic Unity Table (MUD), which was born in 2008 to confront President Hugo Chávez, the opposition includes center, center-left, left parties and dissidents of Chavismo
- ^ a b c "Partidos de oposición conforman Mesa de la Unidad Democrática". Noticiasve.com. Archived from the original on 25 August 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
- ^ "Venezuela opposition boycotts meeting on Maduro assembly, clashes rage". Reuters. 8 May 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ^ "Ramos Allup: No vamos a construir ninguna otra plataforma". El Nacional (in Spanish). 5 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ (in Spanish) Candidatos unitarios ya tienen acuerdo de país para campaña El Universal. 24 de enero de 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h IPS News, 27 April 2010, Opposition Plans Return to Venezuelan Congress Archived 10 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ramón Guillermo Aveledo, 9 March 2012, Opposition Is Winning [permanent dead link]
- ^ "Aveledo revela por qué renunció a la MUD y ratifica que no volverá al cargo". Noticia al Día. 6 August 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ^ "Chúo Torrealba aceptó la secretaría ejecutiva de la MUD y anunció "gran acto de calle"". Noticias24.com. 24 September 2014. Archived from the original on 27 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ^ (in Spanish) Últimas Noticias, 6 September 2012, Aseguran que Capriles R. tiene un plan distinto al que dice Archived 1 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Spanish) Últimas Noticias, 6 September 2012, UNT: Ojeda "se puso al margen" de este partido Archived 1 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Spanish) El Tiempo, 7 September 2012, UNT suspendió a William Ojeda tras criticar supuesto "paquete" de la MUD Archived 1 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Spanish) Últimas Noticias, 11 September 2012, Denuncian que De Lima pagó a partidos para retirar apoyo a HCR Archived 1 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Spanish) Últimas Noticias, 12 September 2012, De Lima niega haber ofrecido dinero a partidos minoritarios Archived 1 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [1]"In Venezuela, the electoral system is set up in a way that favors the majority party as well as rural votes more than urban votes. Chavez counts on support from the over-represented rural areas. The system means that even if the opposition won at least half of the votes, it would actually seat considerably fewer than half of the parliament.".
- ^ de la Rosa, Alicia (12 February 2012). "Henrique Capriles wins opposition primaries in Venezuela". El Universal. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f "A total of 3,040,449 votes were cast in opposition primary election". El Universal. 13 February 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
- ^ Vyas, Kejal; Luhnow, David. "Venezuela's Opposition Secures Supermajority Against Ruling Party". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
- ^ Noticia al Dia (ed.). "Bandera Roja se separa de la MUD". Archived from the original on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
- ^ "Vente Venezuela abandona coalición opositora MUD: "Elecciones regionales son un salvavidas para Maduro"". PanAm Post (in Spanish). 10 August 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ^ "Ramos Allup confirmó la salida de Acción Democrática de la MUD". El Nacional (in Spanish). 5 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ ":: Consejo Nacional Electoral". www.cne.gob.ve. Retrieved 9 December 2015.