Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (French pronunciation: [izidɔʁ ʒɔfʁwa sɛ̃t‿ilɛʁ]; 16 December 1805 – 10 November 1861) was a French zoologist and an authority on deviation from normal structure. In 1854 he coined the term éthologie (ethology).[1]
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 16 December 1805 |
| Died | 10 November 1861 (aged 55) Paris, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Known for | Teratology, ethology |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Zoologist |
| Author abbrev. (zoology) | I. Geoffroy |
Biography
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He was born in Paris, the son of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. In his earlier years he showed an aptitude for mathematics, but eventually he devoted himself to the study of natural history and of medicine, and in 1824 he was appointed assistant naturalist to his father. In 1829 he delivered for his father the second part of a course of lectures on ornithology, and during the following three years he taught zoology at the Athénée, and teratology at the École pratique.[2][3]
He was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1833, was in 1837 appointed to act as deputy for his father at the faculty of sciences in Paris. During the following year he was sent to Bordeaux to organize a similar faculty there. He became successively; inspector of the academy of Paris (1840), professor of the museum on the retirement of his father (1841), inspector-general of the university (1844), a member of the royal council for public instruction (1845), and on the death of Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, professor of zoology at the Faculty of Sciences (1850). In 1854 he founded the Société zoologique d'acclimatation (Zoological Acclimatization Society), of which he also served as president.[2][4]
He conducted investigations of omphalosites, celosomia, hermaphroditism, etc., and is credited with introducing the term teratologie.[5][6] From 1832 to 1837 he published his great teratological work, Histoire générale et particulière des anomalies de l’organisation chez l’homme et les animaux.[7]
Legacy
editIsidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of turtle, Phrynops hilarii.[8]
Selected works
editBesides the above-mentioned work, he wrote:[2]
- Histoire générale et particulière des anomalies de l’organisation chez l’homme et les animaux (1832-1837).
- Essais de zoologie générale (1841).
- La vie Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1847).
- Acclimatation et domestication des animaux utiles (1849).
- Lettres sur les substances alimentaires et particulièrement sur la viande de cheval (1856).
- Histoire naturelle générale des règnes organiques (3 vols., 1854–1862), which was not quite completed.
He was also the author of various papers on zoology, comparative anatomy and palaeontology.[2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Encyclopaedia Universalis Histoire de l'éthologie
- ^ a b c d Chisholm 1911, p. 619.
- ^ Biusante Paris Descarters.fr Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire "Digne de son père" * (1805-1861) par Eric Salf
- ^ Google Books Maple leaves: a budget of legendary, historical, critical, and sporting... by Sir James MacPherson Le Moine
- ^ Morin A (March 1996). "La tératologie de Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire à nos jours" [Teratology from Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire to the present]. Bulletin de l'Association des Anatomistes (in French). 80 (248): 17–31. PMID 9004867. INIST 2871815.
- ^ Cultural Teratology: The Monstrous and the Grotesque The Birth of Modern Teratology
- ^ Biodiversity Heritage Library Histoire générale et particulière des anomalies de l'organisation chez l'homme et les animaux
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Hilaire, p. 123).
Sources
edit- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Isidore". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 619.
External links
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- Works by Isidore Geoffroy SaintHilaire at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire at the Internet Archive
- Gallica Gallica has digital versions of works by Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire.
