Mong or Mung (مونگ ) is a village and Union Council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.[1]
History
editAccording to Alexander Cunningham, Mong was built on the ancient city of Nicaea which was founded by Alexander the Great in commemoration of his victory over Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes.[2][3][4][5] However, the ruins of the city of Nicea have not been found yet, not least because the landscape has changed somewhat.[6] The 1910 edition of Encyclopædia Britannica cited Mong as the location of Nicaea,[7] but the latest edition does not state this.
According to The Imperial Gazetteer of India: "The overthrow of the Bactrians by the Parthians in the latter half of the second century brought another change of rulers, and the coins of the Indo-Scythian king Maues (c. 120 BCE), who is known to local tradition as Raja Moga, have been found at Mong".[5][8][9] At the end of the first century CE the whole of the Punjab was conquered by the Yueh-chi."[10]
Centuries later, at almost the same location, a few kilometers away from Mong, in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, the British forces under Lord Gough and the Khalsa Sikh Army fought the Battle of Chillianwala.
References
edit- ^ Bahauddin Tehsils & Unions in the District of Mandi Bahauddin - Government of Pakistan
- ^ Michael Wood, In the Footsteps of Alexander the Great (Random House, 2004 ).
- ^ F. R. Allchin & George Erdosy, The archaeology of early historic South Asia : the emergence of cities and states /(Cambridge University Press, 1995).
- ^ Michael Wood, In the Footsteps of Alexander the Great (Random House, 2004).
- ^ a b The Ancient Geography of India/Taki, pp. 177–179.
- ^ P. H. L. Eggermont, Alexander's campaign in Southern Punjab (1993).
- ^ The encyclopædia britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, Volume 14 p. 398. 1910
- ^ "The Minor Indo-Parthian Eras". 4 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
- ^ R. C. Senior Indo-Scythian coins and history, Vol IV, p. xxxvi.
- ^ "Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 12, page 365". University of Chicago. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
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