The Parnassiinae or snow Apollos are a subfamily of the swallowtail butterfly family, Papilionidae. The subfamily includes about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow species.[1] The snow Apollos are high-altitude butterflies and are distributed across Asia, Europe and North America.[2]
| Parnassiinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Small Apollo (Parnassius phoebus) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Papilionidae |
| Subfamily: | Parnassiinae |
| Tribes | |
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See text | |
Tribes
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| A proposed phylogeny of the Parnassius and related groups.[3] |
This subfamily consists of the following tribes:
Gallery
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Hypermnestra helios
tribe Parnassiini -
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References
edit- ^ The Butterflies of North America, James A. Scott, ISBN 0-8047-1205-0, 1986
- ^ Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 31, 4 pdf
- ^ Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V., and Sperling, F.A.H., 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 131-156. pdf Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
Further reading
edit- Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
- Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
- James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
- Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
- Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)
External links
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