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The Patriotic Salvation Movement (French: Mouvement patriotique du salut, MPS; Arabic: الحركة الوطنية للإنقاذ, romanized: al-ḥarakah al-waṭaniyah lil-inqāḏ) is the ruling political party in Chad.
Patriotic Salvation Movement Mouvement Patriotique du Salut | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Arabic name | الحركة الوطنية للإنقاذ |
| Abbreviation | MPS |
| President | Haroun Kabadi |
| Secretary-General | Mahamat Zen Bada |
| Honorary President | Mahamat Déby[1] |
| Founder | Idriss Déby Abbas Koty Bada Abbas Maldoum Hissein Dassert |
| Founded | 11 March 1990 |
| Merger of | 1 April Movement MOSONAT FAT/MRP |
| Ideology | Nationalism Authoritarianism[2][3] Secularism[4] |
| Political position | Big tent |
| Slogan | Mourir pour le Salut ('Dying for Salvation') |
| Seats in the National Assembly | 124 / 188 |
| Website | |
| www.mps-tchad.org | |
History
editAfter Idriss Déby, an army commander who participated in an unsuccessful plot against President Hissène Habré in 1989, fled to Sudan, he and his supporters, known as the 1 April Movement, operated from Sudan with Libyan backing and carried out attacks across the border into Chad. The MPS was founded in Sudan on 10 March 1990 through the merger of the 1 April Movement with other anti-Habre groups in exile. After a successful offensive in November 1990, Déby and the MPS came to power on 2 December 1990, when their forces entered N'Djamena, the Chadian capital.[5]
Idriss Déby was the MPS candidate in the 1996 presidential election and won in a second round. He was again the MPS candidate in the presidential election of 20 May 2001, receiving 63.2% of the vote. In the parliamentary election held on 21 April 2002, the MPS won according to IPU Parline 113 out of 155 seats. In the May 2006 presidential election, Déby was re-elected with 64.7% of the vote, as well as in 2011, 2016, and 2021.
After Idriss Déby was shot and died during the Northern Chad offensive in 2021, he was succeeded by his son Mahamat Déby Itno, with the country's constitution being suspended. In the December 2024 elections, the party received 124 out of 188 legislative seats in a process widely derided as fraudulent and only presenting the appearance of democracy.[6][7]
Election history
editPresidential elections
edit| Election | Party candidate | First round | Second round | Result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| 1996 | Idriss Déby | 1,016,277 | 43.82% | 2,102,907 | 69.09% | Elected 
|
| 2001 | 1,533,509 | 63.17% | — | — | Elected
| |
| 2006 | 1,863,042 | 64.67% | — | — | Elected
| |
| 2011 | 2,503,813 | 88.66% | — | — | Elected
| |
| 2016 | 2,219,352 | 59.92% | — | — | Elected
| |
| 2021[a] | 3,663,431 | 79.32% | — | — | Elected
| |
| 2024 | Mahamat Déby | 3,777,279 | 61.00% | — | — | Elected
|
- ^ After the 2021 election Idriss Déby died before the inauguration due injury while leading troop during the Northern Chad offensive.
National Assembly elections
edit| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First round | Second round | ||||||||
| 1997 | 504,045 | 40.0% | 262,060% | 34.4% | 65 / 125
|
 65
|
1st
|
Majority government | |
| 2002 | Nagoum Yamassoum | — | — | 113 / 155
|
48
|
 1st
|
Supermajority government | ||
| 2011 | Haroun Kabadi | in alliance with RDP and RNDP | 134 / 187
|
21
|
1st
|
MPS–RDP–RNDP coalition government | |||
| 2024 | 124 / 188
|
 10
|
1st
|
Majority government | |||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Opposition condemns designation of Chad's military ruler as presidential candidate". Voice of America. The Standard. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ^ Staff member. "Tchad: La dictature continue par d'autres moyens". Civicus Lens. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ Picco, Enrica; Bouessel, Charles. "Chad: Averting the Risk of Post-transition Instability". Crisis Group. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ "Chad". mjp.univ-perp.fr. Digithéque MJP. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
- ^ Bernard Lanne, "Chad: Regime Change, Increased Insecurity, and Blockage of Further Reforms", Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997), ed. Clark and Gardinier, pages 274–275.
- ^ "Tchad / Législatives : le MPS, au pouvoir, remporte 124 sièges sur 188". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
- ^ "Tchad: le parti au pouvoir satisfait des résultats provisoires des législatives, l'opposition proteste". RFI (in French). 12 January 2025. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
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