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The straight man (or straight woman in the case of female characters), also known as a "comedic foil", is a stock character in a comedy performance, especially a double act, sketch comedy, or farce.[1] When a comedy partner behaves eccentrically, the straight man is expected to maintain composure. The straight man is a foil, a contrasting character to the funny man. The direct contribution to the comedy a straight man provides typically comes in the form of a deadpan.
A straight man with no direct comedic role has historically been known as a stooge. Typically, he is expected to feed the funny man lines that he can respond to for laughs (and is hence sometimes known as a feed), while seeking no acclamation for himself. If a straight man unintentionally breaks composure and laughs, it is known in English as corpsing.
History
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In vaudeville, effective straight men were much less common than comedians. The straight man's name usually appeared first and he usually received 60% of the take. This helped take the sting out of not being the laugh-getter and helped ensure the straight man's loyalty to the team.[2] Abbott and Costello, one of America's most popular comedy duos of the 1940s and 50s in radio, film and television, began as nightclub performers when the straight-faced Bud Abbott contrasted against the bumbling Lou Costello; Abbott, unusually, allowed Costello a larger paycheck to keep him on the team.
Straight woman
editMany female actresses have played under the role of a straight woman. Examples of noteworthy straight women include Margaret Dumont, who often performed with the Marx Brothers in their films, Bernardine Flynn up against Art van Harvey on Vic and Sade, Marian Jordan against her husband Jim on Smackout and Fibber McGee and Molly, and Pam Dawber, who performed with Robin Williams on the television series Mork & Mindy. Selena Gomez plays the comedic foil to Steve Martin and Martin Short on the television series Only Murders in the Building.
Popular culture
editThe role is still found today in sitcoms and several Japanese comedy anime, where they are known as tsukkomi. Prominent sitcom characters illustrating this role include Jim Halpert from The Office, and Ben Wyatt from Parks and Recreation. Some notable tsukkomi characters include Shinpachi Shimura and Toshiro Hijikata from Gintama, Himeko from Sket Dance, Saiki Kusuo from The Disastrous Life of Saiki K., Mio Naganohara from Nichijou, and Tadakuni from Daily Lives of High School Boys.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Shifreen, Lawrence J. (1977). "The "New Wave" of Standup Comedians: An Introduction". Department of American Studies. American Humor. 4 (2, 'Special Issue: Standup'). University of Maryland: 1–3. JSTOR 42594580.
The idea of the comedy team afforded another type of humorous conversation, with one party adopting the role of the "straight man" and the other as the "funny man." The best known of these teams was Burns and Allen. The key to their humor was George Burns' timing and Gracie 's dizzy responses to Burns' questions (i.e. George Burns and Gracie Allen). The sexist role of the batty woman, as seen through Gracie's perceptions, borders on madness and sheer child-like wonder and presents a new role that would be homogenized in the character of Lucille Ball.
- ^ Nachman, Gerald (1998). Raised on Radio, p. 36. Pantheon Books, New York. ISBN 037540287X.