Stryi (Ukrainian: Стрий, IPA: [strɪj] ; Polish: Stryj) is a city in Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the left bank of the Stryi River, approximately 65 kilometres (40 mi) south of Lviv in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains. It serves as the administrative center of Stryi Raion within the oblast. Stryi also hosts the administration of Stryi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Its population is approximately 59,425 (2022 estimate).[2]
Stryi
Стрий | |
|---|---|
     | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Motto: | |
  Stryi  Stryi | |
| Coordinates: 49°15′22″N 23°51′1″E / 49.25611°N 23.85028°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Lviv Oblast |
| Raion | Stryi Raion |
| Hromada | Stryi urban hromada |
| Founded | 13th century |
| Magdeburg law | 1431 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Oleg Kanivets |
| Area | |
• Total | 16.95 km2 (6.54 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 296 m (971 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 59,425 |
| • Density | 3,500/km2 (9,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 82400 |
| Area code | +380-3245 |
| Licence plate | BC (before 2004: ТА,ТВ,ТН,ТС) |
| Website | http://stryi-rada.gov.ua/index.php |
Name
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The city takes its name from that of the river Stryi, a tributary of the Dniester.[citation needed]
The river's name is very old and means "stream".[3] Its etymology stems from the Indo-European root *sreu. [note 1] The area was inhabited by the White Croats and it has been established that name Horvat (Croat) is likewise of Iranian (Sarmatian) origin.[citation needed]
In different times the name was written differently, and in various old documents we can find such names: Stryg, Stry, Stryj, Stryjn, Stryjia, Strig, Strigenses, Stryi, Strey, Striig, Strya, Sthryensis, Sthrya, Stryei, and Stri. The inhabitants take pride in the fact that the city has managed to keep its original name over time.[citation needed]
History
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Stryi was mentioned for the first time in 1385 (see: Red Ruthenia). Its territory was annexed to Poland following their invasion and conquest of Galicia. In 1387 the Polish king Jogaila gave the city as the present to his pro-Tsarist brother Švitrigaila. In 1431 it was given the Magdeburg Rights, and it was located in the Ruthenian Voivodeship, which from the conquest in the 14th century until 1772 was a part of Poland.[4] The city was governed by the local magistrate headed by a burgomaster. Following the Partitions of Poland the territory and all Galicia fell to the Austrian Empire.
Its geographical location had a positive influence on its development and growth. The city became a flourishing trade center being located on the major trade route between Halych and Lviv (Lemberg) and especially during the 15th to 16th centuries. It was destroyed during one of the Tatar raids in 1523. The city was later rebuilt and included a castle for defence purposes which later in the 18th century was dismantled by the Austrian authorities. In 1634 the city was destroyed once again by another Tatar raid. During the Khmelnytsky Uprising the Cossack Hetmanate army was reinforced by Hungarian regiments of Prince Rákóczi of Transylvania. After the partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772 the city became a part of the Austrian Empire (see: Partitions of Poland). During the revolutionary times in the Empire a Ruthenian Council was created in the city in 1848. During 1872-1875 the city was connected to the Austro-Hungarian railroad network. Its first train station was built in 1875. Around this time industrialisation began. Among the most influentual citizens of the city were Doctor Yevhen Olesnytsky, Father Oleksa Bobykevych, and Father O.Nyzhankivsky[citation needed].
In 1886 a large fire burnt almost the entire city to the ground. From October 1914 to May 1915 Stryi was occupied by the Russian Empire. In 1915 a bloody World War I battle took place in the nearby Carpathian Mountains, around the peak of Zwinin (992 metres above sea level), a few kilometres south of Stryi in which some 33,000 Imperial Russian soldiers perished.
On 1 November 1918, an armed uprising took place in the town, after which it became a part of the short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic. Stryi was again annexed by Poland in May 1919 during another invasion. In 1939, following the Soviet Union's invasion of eastern Poland, Stryi became part of the Ukrainian SSR. (see: Polish September Campaign). In interbellum Poland, it was the capital of the Stryj County (area 2,081 square kilometres (803 sq mi), pop. 152,600) of the Stanisławów Voivodeship. According to the Polish census of 1931, its population consisted of 35.6% Jews, 34.5% Poles, 28% Ukrainians and 1.6% Germans.[5]
In July 1941, the Germans invaded all Galicia, including Stryi. In a short time, Ukrainians and local Poles conducted a pogrom in the Jews of the settlement, killing about 300 people. Between then and August, 1943, the Germans, with the assistance of the Ukrainian police, are said to have murdered most of the town's 11,000 Jews in a nearby forest or rounded them up to be sent to Belzec extermination camp.[6] Of a pre-war population of 11,000, only a few Jews survived.[7]
During the Cold War the town was home to Stryy Air Base.
Stryi was the first city in Ukraine to display the Ukrainian flag, when it was hoisted at the Stryi city hall on 14 March 1990, before the December 1991 implosion of the Soviet Union.[citation needed]
Recent history
editOn 9 April 2009, the Lviv Oblast council decided to remove a Soviet-era statue to the Red Army soldier that was installed by the local Communist regime in the city of Stryi and move it to a museum of the Soviet totalitarianism, saying that the statue carries no historical or cultural value to the city.
Until 18 July 2020, Stryi was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Stryi Raion even though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven, the city of Stryi was merged into Stryi Raion.[8][9]
Population
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Notable people
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Notable people born in Stryi include:
- Anna Muzychuk (born 1990), Ukrainian chess player
- Mariya Muzychuk (born 1992), Ukrainian chess player
- Sviatoslav Shevchuk (born 1970), Major Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
- Vitaliy Antonov (born 1962), Ukrainian businessman
- Louis Begley (born 1933), Polish-American novelist
- Solomon J. Buchsbaum (1929–1993), Polish-American physicist
- Włodzimierz Godłowski (1900–1940), Polish neurologist
- Benedykt Halicz (1903–1997), Polish biologist
- Artem Hromov (born 1990), Ukrainian footballer
- Antoni (Illiashewicz) (born n.1700-1775), orth. bishop of Vjatka and Velikoperm, Russia
- Julia Keilowa (1902–1943), Polish designer
- Michael Kmit (1910–1981), Australian painter
- Jan Kociniak (1937–2007), Polish actor
- Józef Koffler (1896–1941), Polish composer
- Józef Kustroń (1892–1939), general of the Polish Army
- Kornel Makuszyński (1884–1953), Polish writer
- Zbigniew Messner (1929–2014), Prime Minister of Poland 1985–88
- Kazimierz Nowak (1897–1937), Polish traveller
- Taras Petrivskyi (born 1984), Ukrainian footballer
- Pola Stout (1902–1984), American interior and textile designer
- Julian Stryjkowski (1905–1996), Polish writer
- Zygmunt Szendzielarz (1910–1951), commandant of the Home Army
- Ihor Tenyukh (born 1958), Ukrainian admiral
- Andriy Tlumak (born 1979), Ukrainian footballer
- Kazimierz Wierzyński (1894–1969), Polish writer, poet
- Zygmunt Wojciechowski (1900–1955), Polish historian
Twin towns – sister cities
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Bălți, Moldova (1980)
Düren, Germany (2001)
Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lwówek Śląski County, Poland (2005)
Mansfield, England, United Kingdom- Nowy Sącz, Poland
Vegreville, Canada (2009)- Zakopane, Poland (2004)
Other forms of cooperation
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Daugavpils, Latvia
Kiskunhalas, Hungary
Les Herbiers, France- Leszno, Poland
Notes
edit- ^ Other words with the same root are found in modern Ukrainian (струм, струя), Polish (struga, strumień), Irish Celtic (sruami)[citation needed], German (Strom, "large river"), Persian (struth, "river"), Sanskrit स्रवति sravati ("to flow"), Latvian (straume), Lithuanian (sriatas, strautas, "stream", "a thing that flows"), and other languages. The word is possibly related to the Styr, Ossetian for "big", and there is also a Styr River in Ukraine.
Sources
edit- ^ "Стрыйская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ From the Stryi-city unofficial website (in Ukrainian)
- ^ "History of Stryi". stryy.com.ua. 2008-06-01.[permanent dead link]
- ^ This is an extremely questionable census, disregarded by western historians as grossly corrupted and falsified.
- ^ Megargee, Geoffrey (2012). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. Volume II, 834–836. ISBN 978-0-253-35599-7.
- ^ This is disputed: see Dr. Thomas Dalton, PhD., Debating the Holocaust - A New Look at Both Sides, Theses & Dissertations Press, New York, 2009, ISBN 978-1-59148-005-1
- ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
- ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
- ^ "Міста-побратими міста Стрия". stryi-rada.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Stryi. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
External links
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- Stryi City Council official web-site
- Stryi Unofficial web-site
- ShtetLinks page - Stryy
- (in Polish) Stryj (Stryi) in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland (1890)