The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Toulon, France.
Prior to 20th century
edit- 5th C. – Catholic diocese of Toulon established.[1]
- 1096 – Toulon Cathedral construction begins.
- 1259 – Charles of Anjou in power.[1]
- 14th C. - Toulon coat of arms in use.
- 1524
- Tour Royale, Toulon (fort) built.
- Tour Royale seized by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[1]
- 1543/44 - Ottoman wintering in Toulon offered by Francis I of France.
- 1599 – Naval arsenal and shipyard built.
- 18th C. - Toulon Cathedral construction completed.[1]
- 1707 – Battle of Toulon (1707).[1]
- 1720 – Plague.[1]
- 1738 – Porte du Musée de la Marine (Toulon) (gate) built.
- 1744 – February: Battle of Toulon fought near city.[1]
- 1748 – Bagne of Toulon (prison) begins operating.[1]
- 1788 – Saint Louis Church, Toulon built.[2]
- 1790 – Toulon becomes part of the Var souveraineté.[3]
- 1793 – Siege of Toulon.[1] As a punishment, the Convention changes the name of the city to Port-la-Montagne,.[4]
- 1800 – Société des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Toulon founded.[5]
- 1801 – Catholic diocese disestablished, per Concordat of 1801.[6]
- 1806 – Population: 28,170.[3]
- 1833 – Var Chamber of Commerce established.[7]
- 1841 – Population: 45,449.[3]
- 1846 – Population: 62,941.[3]
- 1853 – Shipbuilder Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée established in nearby La Seyne-sur-Mer.
- 1859 – Toulon station opens.
- 1862 – Toulon Opera hall opens on the Boulevard de Strasbourg (Toulon).
- 1873
- République du Var newspaper begins publication.[8]
- Bagne of Toulon (prison) closes.[1]
- 1879 – Le Petit Var newspaper begins publication.[8]
- 1884 – Cholera epidemic.[1]
- 1886
- 1888 – Musée d'art de Toulon opens.[1]
- 1890 – Fountain installed in the Place de la Liberté (Toulon).[11]
20th century
edit1900s–1940s
edit- 1901
- Canton de Toulon-1, Canton de Toulon-2, Canton de Toulon-3, and Canton de Toulon-4 created.[3]
- Population: 101,602.[1]
- 1908 – Société des sciences naturelles et d'archéologie de Toulon et du Var founded.[9]
- 1911 – Population: 104,582.[12]
- 1912 – Société des Amis du Vieux Toulon et de sa Région established.
- 1920 – Stade Mayol (stadium) opens.
- 1935 – August: Violent uprisings by shipyard workers against the government's restrictive austerity policy is resulting in a large number of deaths and injuries.
- 1936 – Population: 150,310.[3]
- 1940 – 12–13 June: Bombing of Toulon by Italian forces.
- 1942 – 27 November: Scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon.
- 1944 – Sporting Toulon Var football club formed.
- 1948 – Bazeille apartment building constructed in Port Marchand.[13]
- 1949 – Toulon trolleybus begins operating.
1950s–1990s
edit- 1950 – 12 February: Communist demonstration.[14]
- 1957 – Lycée Dumont-d'Urville (Toulon) (school) founded.
- 1959 – Maurice Arreckx becomes mayor.
- 1961 – Musée des arts asiatiques de Toulon opens.[15]
- 1964
- A57 autoroute opens.
- Canton de Toulon-5 created.[3]
- 1966 – Toulon–Hyères Airport opens.
- 1967 – Toulon Tournament of football begins.
- 1968 - University of Toulon founded.
- 1970 - Hôtel de Ville completed.[16]
- 1973
- August: Racial unrest.[17]
- Canton de Toulon-6, Canton de Toulon-7, Canton de Toulon-8, and Canton de Toulon-9 created.[3]
- 1975 – Population: 181,801.[3]
- 1979 – University of the South, Toulon-Var established.
- 1980 – Toulon Book Fair begins.[18]
- 1982 – Toulon becomes part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
- 1986 – March: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regional election, 1986 held.
- 1989 – 15 February: Maison des Têtes de Toulon explosion occurs.[19]
- 1990 – Population: 167,619.[3]
- 1992 – 16 December: Toulon bank robbery occurs.
- 1995 – Jean-Marie Le Chevallier becomes mayor.[20]
- 1997 – Fête du livre du Var (book fair) begins.[21][22]
21st century
edit- 2001 – Hubert Falco becomes mayor.
- 2002
- Toulon tunnel opens on the A50 autoroute.
- Conservatoire à rayonnement régional de Toulon (school) established.
- 2003
- Regional Réseau Mistral bus begins operating.
- Mosque established.
- 2006 – Palais des Sports de Toulon opens.
- 2010 – June: 2010 Var floods occur in vicinity of Toulon.[23]
- 2011
- Théâtre Liberté opens.
- Population: 163,974.
- 2014 – 23 March: Toulon municipal election, 2014 held.
- 2015 – December: 2015 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regional election held.[24]
See also
edit- Toulon history
- History of Toulon
- List of mayors of Toulon
- List of historic sites in Var
- History of Var department
- History of Provence region
- Timeline of Provence
Other cities in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region:
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Britannica 1910.
- ^ "Patrimoine de caractère". Toulon.fr (in French). Mairie de Toulon. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Toulon, EHESS (in French).
- ^ Table alphabetique et analytique des archives parlementaires, LXXXII (in French). Archives Parlementaires. p. 789. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
Port-la-Montagne (Commune de). La Convention décrète que la commune de Toulon portera désormais le nom de Port-la-Montagne (4 nivôse an II — 24 décembre 1793, t. LXXXII, p. 259).
- ^ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: France". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ United States Department of Commerce; Archibald J. Wolfe (1915). "List of Chambers". Commercial Organizations in France. USA: Government Printing Office.
- ^ a b A. de Chambure (1914). A travers la presse (in French). Paris: Fert, Albouy & cie.
- ^ a b "Sociétés savantes de France (Toulon)" (in French). Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590527.
- ^ Baedeker 1914.
- ^ "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ^ Jean-Charles Bruno (ed.). "Chronologie". Ensembles et résidences de la période 1945/1975 sur le territoire de Toulon Provence Méditerranée (in French). France: Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "2–15 February 1950". Chronology of International Events and Documents. 6. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1950. JSTOR 40545261.
- ^ "Musées et galeries". Toulon.fr (in French). Mairie de Toulon. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ "Avec l'hôtel de ville de Toulon, De Mailly prend de la hauteur". Var-martin. 8 February 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
- ^ Mahfoud Bennoune (January 1975). "Maghribin Workers in France". MERIP Reports (34). USA: Middle East Research and Information Project: 1–30. doi:10.2307/3011470. JSTOR 3011470.
- ^ "French Book Fair Writhes, Poisoned by Politics", New York Times, 22 November 1996
- ^ Police say 13 die in explosion, United Press International, 16 February 1989
- ^ "French Cold-Shoulder Riviera City", New York Times, 26 August 1995
- ^ "Historique" (in French). Fête du livre du Var. Archived from the original on 23 October 2011.
- ^ "Annuaire des structures (Ville: Toulon)" (in French). Aix-en-Provence: Agence régionale du Livre Paca. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ French storms and floods kill 15, Reuters, 16 June 2010
- ^ "Résultats élections: Toulon", Le Monde (in French), retrieved 11 April 2022
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
editin English
edit- Clement Cruttwell (1793). "Toulon". Gazetteer of France. London: G.G.J. and J. Robinson. hdl:2027/njp.32101072026824.
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Toulon", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068382954
- "Toulon", Handbook for Travellers in France, London: John Murray, 1861
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Toulon". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
- C. B. Black (1896), "Toulon", The Riviera (9th ed.), London: Adam & Charles Black
- "Toulon". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t56d64f6t.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Hannay, David McDowall (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). pp. 98–99.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Toulon", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776
- "Toulon", Southern France (6th ed.), Leipzig: Baedeker, 1914
- Daniel C. Haskell, ed. (1922), "Provencal literature and language, including the local history of southern France", Bulletin of the New York Public Library, vol. 26, hdl:2027/mdp.39015035117657,
Local history: Toulon
- Malcolm Crook (1991). Toulon in War and Revolution: From the Ancien Régime to the Restoration, 1750–1820. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3567-8.
in French
edit- Eusèbe Girault de Saint-Fargeau [in French] (1850). "Toulon". Guide pittoresque: portatif et complet, du voyageur en France (in French) (3rd ed.). Paris: Firmin Didot frères. p. 665. hdl:2027/uiug.30112081968700.
- Octave Teissier [in French] (1869). Histoire de Toulon au moyen âge (in French). Paris.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Toulon". Provence. Guides Joanne (in French). 1906. hdl:2027/uc1.$b192331.
- "Toulon". Dictionnaire Bouillet (in French) (34th ed.). 1914. hdl:2027/mdp.39015074817142.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Toulon.
- Map of Toulon, 1999
- Items related to Toulon, various dates (via Europeana).
- Items related to Toulon, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).