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Benedict Joseph Fenwick (1782–1846) was an American Catholic bishop and educator who served as Bishop of Boston from 1825 until his death. Born in Maryland, he entered the Society of Jesus and began his ministry in the Diocese of New York, where he eventually became the vicar general and administrator. In 1817, he became the president of Georgetown College in Washington, D.C. Months later, Ambrose Maréchal, Archbishop of Baltimore, sent him to St. Mary's Church in Charleston, South Carolina, to resolve a longstanding schism. In 1825, Fenwick became the bishop of Boston, during a period of rapid growth of the city's Catholic population due to Irish immigration. Intense nativism and anti-Catholicism culminated with the burning of the Ursuline Convent in 1834, threats against Fenwick's life, and the formation of the Montgomery Guards. He established numerous churches, charitable institutions, newspapers, and schools, including The Pilot in 1829 and the College of the Holy Cross in 1843. (Full article...)

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November 1924 issue of Shōjo Club

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... that William Heath Byford performed the first ovariotomy in Chicago in 1860?
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On this day

September 1

Muammar Gaddafi

1774 – Under orders from Governor Thomas Gage, British soldiers removed gunpowder from a magazine in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, which caused Patriots to prepare for war.
1937 – The first group of around 172,000 Koreans were deported by Soviet authorities from the Russian Far East to the Kazakh and Uzbek SSRs; around 10 to 25 percent died.
1939 – German forces began an invasion of Poland, including attacks at Wieluń and at Westerplatte, starting World War II in Europe.
1969 – Muammar Gaddafi (pictured) led a coup d'état to overthrow King Idris of Libya.
1972 – In a match widely publicized as a Cold War confrontation, American chess grandmaster Bobby Fischer became the 11th World Chess Champion with his victory over Russian Boris Spassky.

Hannah Glasse (d. 1770)
Hilda Rix Nicholas (b. 1884)
Luis Walter Alvarez (d. 1988)

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A Trip to the Moon (Le Voyage dans la Lune) is a French adventure short film directed by Georges Méliès and released on 1 September 1902. Inspired by a wide variety of sources, including Jules Verne's 1865 novel From the Earth to the Moon and its 1870 sequel Around the Moon, the silent film follows a group of astronomers who travel to the Moon in a cannon-propelled capsule, explore the Moon's surface, escape from an underground group of Selenites (lunar inhabitants), and return to Earth with a captive Selenite. Its ensemble cast of French theatrical performers is led by Méliès himself as the main character, Professor Barbenfouillis. The film features the overtly theatrical style for which Méliès became famous. In an iconic shot, the astronomers' capsule hits the Man in the Moon in the eye, a visual pun on the expression dans l'œil (literally 'in the eye'), the French equivalent of the English 'bullseye'.

Film credit: Georges Méliès

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