Zhang Peiyuan (traditional Chinese: 張培元) (c. 1894 – 1 June 1934) was a Han Chinese general, commander of the Ili garrison. He fought against Uighur and Tungans during the Kumul revolt, but then secretly negotiated with the Tungan general Ma Zhongying to form an alliance against Sheng Shicai and the Soviet Union.[1][2] Zhang's army had about 3,000 soldiers.[3] They almost destroyed Sheng's armies but then the Soviet Union invaded Xinjiang and overran Zhang's forces.[4] Zhang committed suicide to avoid capture by the Soviets at the Muzart Pass during a snow storm.[5][6]
Zhang Peiyuan | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 1894 |
| Died | 1 June 1934 (age 39 or 40) Xinjiang, China |
| Allegiance |  Republic of China |
| Years of service | 1929–1934 |
| Rank | general |
| Unit | Ili garrison |
| Commands | Governor of Ili |
| Battles / wars | Kumul Rebellion First Battle of Urumqi (1933) Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang |
References
edit- ^ David D. Wang (1999). Under the Soviet shadow: the Yining Incident : ethnic conflicts and international rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944–1949. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. p. 52. ISBN 962-201-831-9.
- ^ Pʻing Cheng (1989). Xinjiang: the land and the people. New World Press. p. 54. ISBN 7-80005-078-5.
- ^ Howard L. Boorman; Richard C. Howard; Joseph K. H. Cheng (1970). Biographical dictionary of Republican China, Volume 3. Columbia University Press. p. 122. ISBN 0-231-08957-0.
- ^ James A. Millward (2007). Eurasian crossroads: a history of Xinjiang. New York City: Columbia University Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3.
- ^ Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. pp. 120, 238. ISBN 0-521-25514-7.
- ^ David D. Wang (1999). Under the Soviet shadow: the Yining Incident : ethnic conflicts and international rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944-1949. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. p. 53. ISBN 962-201-831-9.