-ott
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From -o- (linking vowel) + -tt (past-participle and past-tense suffix).
Suffix
-ott
- past-tense and past-participle suffix (homonymous form in the vast majority of verbs):
- (past-tense suffix) -ed, -t (forms the past tense of a verb)
- mos (“to wash”) → Kezet mosott. ― S/he washed his/her hands.
- (past-participle suffix) -ed, -t (forms the past participle of a verb)
- mos (“to wash”) → a mosott ruhák ― the washed clothes
- (past-tense suffix) -ed, -t (forms the past tense of a verb)
Usage notes
- (past-participle and past-tense suffix) Variants:
- -t is added to monosyllabic verbs ending in j, l, ly, n, ny, r (fáj, szel, fon, huny, sír) and to many bisyllabic verbs ending in -ad/-ed (akad, ered)
- -tt is added to verbs ending in a vowel (sző, nő, fő, lő, ró, rí)
- -ott is added to back-vowel verbs
- -ett is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
- -ött is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
- (past-participle suffix) This form is the only option attributively. Predicatively, however, a construction of the existential verb van (or its negative form nincs) and the adverbial participle (with -va/-ve) is preferable,[1] especially when speaking of the result achieved,[2] although the suffix -t/-ott/-ett/-ött occurs predicatively as well, disputed as it may be.[3]
Declension
For the past-participle suffix only:
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -ott | -ottak |
| accusative | -ottat | -ottakat |
| dative | -ottnak | -ottaknak |
| instrumental | -ottal | -ottakkal |
| causal-final | -ottért | -ottakért |
| translative | -ottá | -ottakká |
| terminative | -ottig | -ottakig |
| essive-formal | -ottként | -ottakként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | -ottban | -ottakban |
| superessive | -otton | -ottakon |
| adessive | -ottnál | -ottaknál |
| illative | -ottba | -ottakba |
| sublative | -ottra | -ottakra |
| allative | -otthoz | -ottakhoz |
| elative | -ottból | -ottakból |
| delative | -ottról | -ottakról |
| ablative | -ottól | -ottaktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
-otté | -ottaké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
-ottéi | -ottakéi |
Etymology 2
From -o- (linking vowel) + -tt (locative suffix).
Suffix
-ott
- (archaic, locative suffix) in (forms the locative case)
- Kaposvár (a Hungarian city) → Kaposvárott (“in Kaposvár”)
Usage notes
- (locative suffix) It is used only in a few city/town names along with the inessive case or superessive case.[3] It can also be observed in a few local adverbs and postpositions. It is no longer productive. Variants:
- -t
- -tt is added to words ending in a vowel
- -ott is added to back-vowel words
- Kaposvárott (also with -t), Vácott, Székesfehérvárott, Fehérvárott, Kapuvárott, (outside present-day Hungary)
Érsekújvárott, Gyulafehérvárott, Kolozsvárott (also with -t), Temesvárott, (in Russia) Szentpétervárott, Pétervárott
- Kaposvárott (also with -t), Vácott, Székesfehérvárott, Fehérvárott, Kapuvárott, (outside present-day Hungary)
- -ett is added to unrounded front-vowel words
- -ött is added to rounded front-vowel words
- -utt is added to some back-vowel words
- -ütt is added to some unrounded front-vowel words
See also
Categories:
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/otː
- Rhymes:Hungarian/otː/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian terms with collocations
- Hungarian suffixes with archaic senses
- Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies
- Hungarian terms with multiple morpheme etymologies