Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰrā́ks

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Unknown; possibly borrowed from a substrate language.^[1]

Noun

*dʰrā́ks m (oblique stem *dʰragʰ-^[2]^[1])

dregs, sediment (of wine, oil, fat)

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*dʰrā́ks
genitive	*dʰragʰés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dʰrā́ks	*dʰrā́gʰh₁(e)	*dʰrā́gʰes
vocative	*dʰrā́gʰ	*dʰrā́gʰh₁(e)	*dʰrā́gʰes
accusative	*dʰrā́gʰm̥	*dʰrā́gʰh₁(e)	*dʰrā́gʰm̥s
genitive	*dʰragʰés	*?	*dʰragʰóHom
ablative	*dʰragʰés	*?	dʰragʰmós, dʰragʰbʰós
dative	*dʰragʰéy	*?	dʰragʰmós, dʰragʰbʰós
locative	dʰrā́gʰ, dʰrā́gʰi	*?	*dʰragʰsú
instrumental	*dʰragʰéh₁	*?	dʰragʰmís, dʰragʰbʰís

Derived terms

*dʰrágʰ-eh₂
- Proto-Albanian: *dragā^[3]
  - Albanian: dra, (dialectal, South) dráhë
- Albanian: *(a)n-draga^[4]^[5]
  - Albanian: ndrag
*dʰrágʰ-yeh₂^[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dragjāˀ^[6] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *dragjō^[5] (see there for further descendants)
*dʰragʰs-tó-s
- Proto-Germanic: *drastaz (< *drahstaz)
  - Proto-West Germanic: *drast (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Germanic: *drōhs (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *frakēs^[1]
- Latin: fracēs (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fracēs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238: “*dʰragʰ- 'dredges of wine, oil, fat'”
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “dra”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 141: “*dragā”
^ Demiraj, B. (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 141
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*dragjō-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 99: “*dʰragʰ-ieh₂-”
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “dragės”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135

[De_Vaan-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fracēs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238: “*dʰragʰ- 'dredges of wine, oil, fat'”

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag

[3] Demiraj, B. (1997) “dra”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 141: “*dragā”

[4] Demiraj, B. (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 141

[Kroonen-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*dragjō-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 99: “*dʰragʰ-ieh₂-”

[Derksen-6] Derksen, Rick (2015) “dragės”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135

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