Wiktionary

ko

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ko" and کوه
Languages (59)
Translingual • English
Afar • Äiwoo • Bambara • Bikol Central • Boko • Buginese • Cebuano • Danish • Esperanto • Ewe • Finnish • French • Fula • Guanano • Guaraní • Hawaiian • Hokkien • Indonesian • Ingrian • Japanese • Kalasha • Kamta • Karelian • Kirikiri • Latvian • Lithuanian • Maaka • Maori • Mapudungun • Norman • Nyishi • Old Javanese • Old Norse • Old Saxon • Pali • Rapa Nui • Rawa • Serbo-Croatian • Slovene • Swahili • Swedish • Tagalog • Talysh • Taworta • Tocharian A • Tokelauan • Tuvaluan • Vietnamese • Volapük • Votic • West Frisian • West Makian • White Hmong • Wolof • Xhosa • Yoruba • Zazaki
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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ko

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Korean.

See also

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English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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Borrowed from Japanese 劫 (kō).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ko (plural ko)

  1. (go) A local shape to which the ko rule applies; a ko shape.
    Black gets an easy game by just filling the ko.
  2. (go) ko fight
    Black wins the ko easily.
  3. (go) a stone in a ko in atari, a ko stone
    Black recaptures the ko and white has to find another ko threat.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Translations

Anagrams

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Afar

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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kó

  1. thee, you
    • Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language]‎[1], Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 5:
      Diggah nanu Ni Rabbow koo inkittosnaah Qibaada dibuk koo caglisna, nanu ni-caagiidah inkih cato koo esserra.
      Our God, with strength we make you whole, only you we give [our] adoration, we as one ask you for help with our afairs.

Usage notes

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  • The form kóo is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.

See also

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Afar personal pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f
Subject Singular anú atú úsuk ís
Plural nanú isín úsun
Object Singular yó kó ká tét
Plural né sín kén

References

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  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ko”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

Äiwoo

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Verb

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ko

  1. to lie down

References

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Bambara

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ko

  1. to say

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ko

  1. to wash

References

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Bikol Central

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Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /ko/

Pronoun

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ko

  1. by me
    Sinalo ko an bola. ― The ball was caught by me.
  2. of me
    An harong ko. ― My house.
  3. me
    Sa taas ko. ― Above me.

Boko

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Etymology

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Cognate with Bokobaru koo

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ko

  1. chicken

Derived terms

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Buginese

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Pronoun

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ko

  1. (Sinjai) you, your, yours (casual)

Cebuano

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Clipping of ako.

Pronoun

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ko (Badlit spelling ᜃᜓ)

  1. short form of ako (“1st person singular subject”)

Etymology 2

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Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ku, from Proto-Austronesian *-ku.

Pronoun

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ko (Badlit spelling ᜃᜓ)

  1. (uncommon, literary) my, mine, by me (object of verb; possessive marker)
    Synonyms: nako, akò
Usage notes
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  • In colloquial Cebuano, ko is generally used and understood as a subject (direct) marked pronoun, as a clipping of ako. Its use as the object (indirect) is virtually limited to literary works such as the Bible and in some dialects where there is some influence from Tagalog, which solely uses its ko in the object (indirect) position and as a possessive pronoun.
    (general, colloquial): anak ko ― I am a child
    (literary, dialectal): anak ko ― my child

See also

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Cebuano personal pronouns
Person Number Direct Indirect (postposed) Indirect (preposed) Oblique
Length Full Short* Full Short** Base Suffixed -a Full Short
First singular akó ko nakò*** ko*** akò akoa kanakò nakò
plural inclusive kitá ta natò ta atò atoa kanatò natò
plural exclusive kamí mi namò amò amoa kanamò namò
Second singular ikáw ka nimo mo imo imoha kanimo nimo
plural kamó mo ninyo inyo inyoha kaninyo ninyo
Third singular siyá niya iya iyaha kaniya niya
plural silá nila ila ilaha kanila nila
*Forms under this column are placed after the verb or predicate they modify, and never used at the start of sentences
**Forms under this column are literary and rarely used colloquially.
***Ta is used over nako or ko where the object is a second-person singular pronoun.


Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse *kōʀ (east), kýr (west), from Proto-Germanic *kōz.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /koːˀ/, [ˈkʰoˀ]

Noun

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ko c (singular definite koen, plural indefinite køer)

  1. cow

Declension

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Declension of ko
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ko koen køer køerne
genitive kos koens køers køernes

References

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Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ko]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ko

Noun

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ko (accusative singular ko-on, plural ko-oj, accusative plural ko-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.

See also

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Ewe

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Verb

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ko

  1. to laugh

Finnish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Related to kuka, kun, kuin.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈko/, [ˈko̞]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation(key): ko

Conjunction

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ko (dialectal)

  1. Alternative form of kun.
  2. Alternative form of kuin.
  3. Synonym of koska.

Usage notes

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In some dialects, ko has become unstressed, subjecting it to vowel harmony and leading to the form kö after front-vowelic words.

French

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ko m (plural ko)

  1. Abbreviation of kilooctet (kilobyte)

Fula

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Suffix

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ko

  1. Noun class indicator for nouns (singular)

Usage notes

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Article

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ko

  1. (definite) the (when it follows the noun)
    ñayko ko ― the thatch

Usage notes

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Determiner

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ko

  1. (used in indicating something)
    ko ñayko ― this/that thatch

Usage notes

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Guanano

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Noun

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ko

  1. water
  2. medicine
  3. relative, fellow Kotiria

References

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  • Kristine Stenzel, A Reference Grammar of Kotiria (Wanano)

Guaraní

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Determiner

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ko

  1. this

Hawaiian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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ko

  1. of, belonging to first part of possessive constructions, o-type
    ko mākou hale ― our house
    ko ke kumu kaʻa ― the teacher's car

See also

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Hawaiian possessive pronouns
The o-type forms are used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars). The a-type forms are used for acquired possessions.
singular dual plural
1st person koʻu, kaʻu
kuʻu (affectionate, o- and a-type) 		ko māua, kā māua (exclusive)
ko kāua, kā kāua (inclusive) 		ko mākou, kā mākou (exclusive)
ko kākou, kā kākou (inclusive)
2nd person kou, kāu
kō (affectionate, o- and a-type) 		ko ʻolua, kā ʻolua ko ʻoukou, kā ʻoukou
3rd person kona, kāna ko lāua, kā lāua ko lākou, kā lākou

Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions of ko – see 高 (“tall; high; of high level; above average; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 高).
For pronunciation and definitions of ko – see 膏 (“fat; grease; oil; fatty; oily; rich; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 膏).

Indonesian

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Pronoun

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ko

  1. (Java, informal) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours

Synonyms

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Indonesian informal second-person pronouns:

  • anta (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
  • antum (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
  • coen (slang, East Java)
  • ente (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
  • kamu (intimate)
  • ko, kowe (informal, Java)
  • kon, koen (colloquial, East Java)
  • lu, lo, loe, elu (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
  • mika, mike (informal, Eastern Sumatra)

Ingrian

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ko

  1. Alternative form of ku
    • 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking [our] own way]”, in Inkeri‎[2], volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
      Se oli ko hää ei mahtant vennäheks läätä.
      That was how she couldn't speak Russian.

References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 178

Japanese

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Romanization

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ko

  1. The hiragana syllable こ (ko) or the katakana syllable コ (ko) in Hepburn romanization.

Kalasha

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Adverb

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ko

  1. why

Interjection

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ko

  1. why

Noun

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ko

  1. why

Kamta

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Etymology

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From Sanskrit কথযতি (katháyati). Cognate with Assamese ক (ko), Sylheti ꠇꠅꠀ (xooa), Bengali কওয়া (koōẇa), Hindustani कहना (kahnā) / کہنا (kahnā).

Verb

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ko

  1. say
  2. tell
    Oĩ mök koisil. ― He told me
  3. speak
    kotha ko ― speak

Conjugation

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impersonal forms of ko
Stem ko
Gerund koöa
Conjugative koia
Infinitive koibar
Agentive koure
Converb koite
Progressive participle koite koite
Reason koöat
Conditional participle koile
Perfect participle koia
Habitual participle koia koia
Conjugation forms of ko
Person First person Second person Third person
informal formal informal formal
singular plural singular plural singular plural
muĩ amra tuĩ tömra oĩ umra
Present
Imperfective koṅ koi koiṣ kon koe
Continuous koia asoṅ koia asi koia asiṣ koia asen koia ase
Perfective koisoṅ koisi kosiṣ koisen koise
Past
Recent koluṅ koiloṅ kolu koilen koil ~ koilek
Distant & Habitual kosiluṅ koisiloṅ kosilu koisilen koisil ~ koisilek
Continuous koia asluṅ koia aisloṅ koia aslu koi aislen koia asil ~ koia aislek
Future
Indicative koim komö kobu koiben koibe
Continuous koia thakim koia thakmö koia thakpu koia thaikpen koia thaikpe
Others
Imperative — ko kon kouk

Karelian

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Particle

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ko

  1. like, as

Kirikiri

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Noun

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ko

  1. woman

Further reading

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Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Latvian

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Pronoun

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ko (interrogative)

  1. accusative of kas: what, who
    ko tu gribi apskatīt? ― what would you like to see?

ko (relative)

  1. accusative of kas: that
    teksts, ko tu lasi ― the text that you're reading
  2. accusative of kas: what, who
    tas ir tas, ko es domāju ― that is what I mean
  3. accusative of kas: which

Interjection

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ko

  1. sorry?
  2. pardon?
  3. what?

Lithuanian

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Pronoun

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ko

  1. genitive of kas
    Ko tu nori? ― What do you want?

Usage notes

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The word ko is the non-possessive genitive.

For the possessive genitive ("whose?") of kas, see kieno.

Further reading

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  • “ko”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025
  • Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) Lithuanian Grammar, 2nd revised edition, pages 186, 193

Maaka

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Noun

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ko

  1. head

References

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Maori

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Particle

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ko

  1. Placed at the beginning of nominative phrases to signify that they are declarative

Mapudungun

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Noun

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ko (Raguileo spelling)

  1. water

References

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  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
  • Estudios de lengua y cultura amerindias II (1998) (spells it có)

Norman

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Alternative forms

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  • co (Jersey, Guernsey, Normandy)

Etymology

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From Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”).

Noun

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ko m (plural kos)

  1. (Sark, anatomy) neck

Nyishi

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Tani *koː.

Noun

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ko

  1. child
  2. son

References

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  • P. T. Abraham (2005) A Grammar of Nyishi Language‎[3], Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors

Old Javanese

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ko

  1. you

Alternative forms

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References

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  • "ko" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Old Norse

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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ko ?

  1. (East dialect) cow

See also

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Further reading

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Old Saxon

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *kō (“cow”).

    Noun

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    kō f

    1. cow

    Declension

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    This noun needs an inflection-table template.

    Descendants

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    • Middle Low German: kô, ko, koo, kou, koe, koh, koy, ku

    References

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    Köbler, Gerhard, Altsächsisches Wörterbuch (5th edition 2014)

    Pali

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    Alternative forms

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    Alternative scripts

    Pronoun

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    ko

    1. masculine nominative singular of ka

    Rapa Nui

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    Interjection

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    ko

    1. exclamation suggesting a personal reaction

    Usage notes

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    For non-personal judgment, consider using ka.

    Particle

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    ko

    1. particle prefixed to names as a determinative

    Rawa

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    Adverb

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    ko

    1. again

    References

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    Serbo-Croatian

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    Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷid, (compare *kʷis).

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    kȍ (Cyrillic spelling ко̏)

    1. (Bosnia, Serbia, interrogatively) who
      ko si ti? ― who are you?
    2. (Bosnia, Serbia, relative and indefinite pronoun)
      bilo ko ― anybody, anyone
      malo ko ― very few people
      onaj ko ― he who, whoever
    Declension
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    Declension of ko
    singular/plural
    nominative tkȍ, kȍ
    genitive kȍg, kòga
    dative kȍm, kòmu, kòme
    accusative kȍg, kòga
    vocative —
    locative kòm, kòme
    instrumental kȋm, kíme
    Synonyms
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    • kdo (Kajkavian)
    • gdo (Kajkavian)

    Etymology 2

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    From kȁo.

    Contraction

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    ko (Cyrillic spelling ко)

    1. contraction of kȁo
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    References

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    • “ko”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
    • “ko”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

    Slovene

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian ako.

    Pronunciation

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    Conjunction

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    ko

    1. when (at the time that)
      pride dan, ko nimas energije - there comes a day when you have no energy

    Etymology 2

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Conjunction

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    ko

    1. (colloquial) Alternative form of kot

    Swahili

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    -ko

    1. present stem of -wako (“to be (at an indefinite place)”)
      yuko ― he/she is (there)

    See also

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    • -ko: verbal affix
    • -wapo (“to be (at a definite place)”)
    • -wamo (“to be inside (of a definite place)”)

    Swedish

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    Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia sv
     
    ko

    Etymology

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    From Old Norse ko, from East Old Norse ko, from Proto-Germanic *kōz.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    ko c

    1. cow; female cattle
      Många kor bor i stall under vinterhalvåret.
      Many cows live in stables during the winter.
    2. a female member of a number of other species, such as elk
      Jag såg en älgko och hennes kalv när jag var i skogen.
      I saw an elk cow and her calf when I was in the forest.

    Declension

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    Declension of ko
    nominative genitive
    singular indefinite ko kos
    definite kon kons
    plural indefinite kor kors
    definite korna kornas
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    See also

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    References

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    Anagrams

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    Tagalog

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ku, from Proto-Austronesian *-ku.

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    ko (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓ) (postpositive)

    1. my; mine
      Synonym: (prepositive) akin
      ang bahay ko ― my house
      sa taas ko ― above me (literally, “my above”)
    2. I; me (indirect)
      Synonym: (prepositive) akin
      Ang bola ay sinalo ko.
      I caught the ball.
      (literally, “The ball was caught by me.”)

    See also

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    Tagalog personal pronouns
    Person Number Direct (ang) Indirect (ng) Oblique (sa)
    First singular ako ko akin
    dual1 kita, kata nita, nata, ta kanita, kanata, ata
    plural inclusive tayo natin atin
    plural exclusive kami namin amin
    First & Second singular kita2
    Second singular ikaw, ka mo iyo
    plural kayo, kamo ninyo, niyo inyo
    Third singular siya niya kaniya
    plural sila nila kanila
    1 First person dual pronouns are not commonly used in Standard Tagalog.
    2 Replaces ko ikaw.

    Further reading

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    • “ko”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
    • “ko”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
    • Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*-ku”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

    Talysh

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    Etymology

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    Cognate with Persian کار (kâr).

    Noun

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    ko

    1. work

    Taworta

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    Noun

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    ko

    1. egg

    Further reading

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    Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

    Tocharian A

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Tocharian, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”). Compare Tocharian B keu, English cow.

    Noun

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    ko

    1. cow

    Tokelauan

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Polynesian *ko. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻo and Samoan ʻo.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): [ko]
    • Hyphenation: ko

    Particle

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    ko

    1. Marks an equational sentence.
    2. Marks the topic of the sentence.
      • 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau]‎[4], page 1:
        Ko kimatou, ia tagata o Tokelau, e takutino
        We, the people of Tokelau, say openly
    3. Marks the succeeding noun as in apposition of the preceding noun.
    4. Placed after the conjunctions pe or ka.

    References

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    • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[5], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 163

    Tuvaluan

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    Particle

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    ko

    1. present perfect tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

    Vietnamese

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    Alternative forms

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    Adverb

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    ko

    1. (informal) Abbreviation of không.

    Anagrams

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    Volapük

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from Spanish con (“with”).

    Preposition

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    ko

    1. with
      • 1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: I:
        Ekö! jivirgan ogrodikof, ed omotof soni, keli onemoy eli ‚Emmanuel’, kela tradutod binon: God binom ko obs.
        Look! the virgin is with child and will give birth to a son whom they will call Immanuel, a name which means „God-is-with-us”.

    Votic

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    Etymology

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Akin to Ingrian ko.

    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    ko

    1. when (at what time; in the case that)
    2. than (in comparisons)
    3. as, because

    Adverb

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    ko

    1. how (in what way)

    References

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    • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ko”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

    West Frisian

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    Etymology

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    From Old Frisian kū, from Proto-West Germanic *kō (“cows”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    ko c (plural kij, diminutive koke)

    1. cow

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    • “ko”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

    West Makian

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    ko

    1. (transitive) to carry on one's back

    Conjugation

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    Conjugation of ko (action verb)
    singular plural
    inclusive exclusive
    1st person toko moko ako
    2nd person noko foko
    3rd person inanimate iko doko
    animate
    imperative noko, ko foko, ko

    References

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    • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[6], Pacific linguistics

    White Hmong

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
    Particularly: “Borrowed from some other language? Possible candidates include Chinese 莖／茎 (jīng, “stem, stalk”). Or native Hmongic?”

    Noun

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    ko (classifier: tus)

    1. a handle (of any hand tool or implement, etc.)
      ko taus ― axe handle
    2. used in ko taw (“foot”) and ko tw (“tail”)

    Etymology 2

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    This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
    Particularly: “Related to Chinese 乎 (hū, “in, on; (archaic) sentence-final particle”)?”

    Particle

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    ko

    1. a final completive particle
      Koj hais li ko... ― Speaking as you do...
      Txhob ua li ko. ― Don't do that.

    References

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    • Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎[7], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 85.

    Wolof

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    Pronoun

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    ko

    1. him/her/it (third-person singular object pronoun)

    See also

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    Wolof personal pronouns
    singular subject plural subject singular object plural object
    1st person man nun ma nu
    2nd person yow yeen la leen
    3rd person moom ñoom ko leen

    Xhosa

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    Pronoun

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    -ko

    1. Combining stem of kona.

    Yoruba

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    Etymology 1

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    Alternative forms

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    • ò (frequently used after personal pronouns)

    Pronunciation

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    Particle

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    kò

    1. not (placed before a verb to negate it)

    Etymology 2

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    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    IPA(key): /kō/

    Conjunction

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    ko

    1. (Ekiti) that

    Etymology 3

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    kó

    1. to pack
      Ẹ bá mi kó ẹrù yìí sẹ́yìn ọkọ̀ ― Help me pack this load into the boot
    2. to collect
    3. to capture
      Wọ́n kó wọn lẹ́rú ― They captured them as slaves
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 4

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    kò

    1. to touch
    2. to meet
    Derived terms
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    Zazaki

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Iranian *káwfš.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): [ˈko]
    • Hyphenation: ko

    Noun

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    ko m

    1. (geography) mountain
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ko&oldid=83582088"
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