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{{Short description|Turkish neologism}}
[[File:Chappuling-day-2013.jpg|thumb|Graffiti from Turkey, June 2013. It plays on the "Every day I’m Shuffling." lyrics of [[LMFAO]]'s "[[Party Rock Anthem]]", which is itself a parody of [[Hustlin']] by [[Rick Ross]].<ref name=AFP/>]]
[[File:Chappuling-day-2013.jpg|thumb|Graffiti from Turkey, June 2013 that reads "Everyday I'm Çapuling", referencing [[LMFAO]]'s "[[Party Rock Anthem]]"<ref name=AFP/>]]
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[[File:Everyday I'm çapuling - vector format.svg|framed|right|The graffiti is adapted to many artworks on t-shirts, posters, etc. and these artworks contributed to the reappropriation of the term [[çapulcu]]. ]]
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'''Chapulling''' ({{lang-tr|Çapuling}}) is a [[neologism]] originating in the [[Gezi Park protests]], coined from [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Prime Minister Erdoğan]]'s use of the term ''çapulcu'' (roughly translated to "marauders")<ref name=LukeHarding>[[Luke Harding]], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 10 June 2013, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/10/turkish-protesters-capuling-erdogan Turkish protesters embrace Erdoğan insult and start 'capuling' craze]</ref> to describe the protestors. Pronounced /{{IPA|t͡ʃapuɫd͡ʒu}}/<ref>Close English pronunciation approximation using English spelling habits: "cha-pul-ju"</ref> in Turkish, ''çapulcu'' was rapidly [[reappropriation|reappropriated]] by the protestors, both in its original form and as the [[Anglicisation|anglicized]] ''chapuller'' and additionally [[verbification|verbified]] ''chapulling'', given the meaning of "fighting for your rights".<ref name=AFP>[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]], ''[[The Express Tribune]]'', 8 June 2013, [http://tribune.com.pk/story/560640/chapulling-turkish-protesters-spread-the-edgy-word/ 'Chapulling': Turkish protesters spread the edgy word]</ref> ''Chapulling'' has been used in Turkish both in its anglicized form and in the [[hybrid word]] form ''çapuling''.


⚫
'''Chapulling''' ({{langx|tr|Çapulcu}}, {{IPA|tr|t͡ʃapuɫd͡ʒu}}) is a [[neologism]] originating in the [[Gezi Park protests]], coined from [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Prime Minister Erdoğan]]'s use of the term {{lang|tr|çapulcu}} (roughly translated to "marauders")<ref name=LukeHarding>[[Luke Harding]], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 10 June 2013, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/10/turkish-protesters-capuling-erdogan Turkish protesters embrace Erdoğan insult and start 'capuling' craze]</ref> to describe the protesters. ''Çapulcu'' was rapidly [[reappropriation|reappropriated]] by the protesters, both in its original form and as the [[Anglicisation|anglicized]] ''chapuller'' and additionally [[verbification|verbified]] ''chapulling'', given the meaning of "fighting for your rights".<ref name=AFP>[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]], ''[[The Express Tribune]]'', 8 June 2013, [http://tribune.com.pk/story/560640/chapulling-turkish-protesters-spread-the-edgy-word/ 'Chapulling': Turkish protesters spread the edgy word]. Retrieved 15 October 2024.</ref> ''Chapulling'' has been used in Turkish both in its anglicized form and in the [[hybrid word]] form ''çapuling''.
⚫
The word quickly caught on, adopted by the demonstrators and online activists, and became a viral video.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64q2GIqH7S8 Everyday I'm Çapuling !], YouTube video released June 4, 2013</ref> Many took the concept further by integrating the unique nature of the demonstrations and defined it as "to act towards taking the democracy of a nation to the next step by reminding governments of their reason for existence in a peaceful and humorous manner."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/what-capuling-everyday-im-capuling-turkish-protest-video-goes-viral-1291541 |title=What Is Capuling? 'Everyday I'm Çapuling' Turkish Protest Video Goes Viral |publisher=[[International Business Times|Ibtimes.com]] |date= |accessdate=2013-06-05}}</ref> Variations of ''chapulling'' were also coined for other languages.<ref>''[[Posta (newspaper)|Posta]]'', 5 June 2013, [http://www.posta.com.tr/turkiye/HaberDetay/Yeni-internet-fenomeni--Chapulling.htm?ArticleID=180614 Yeni Internet Fenomeni - Chapulling] {{tr}}</ref>

⚫
The word quickly caught on, adopted by the demonstrators and online activists, and became a viral video.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64q2GIqH7S8 Everyday I'm Çapuling !], YouTube video released June 4, 2013</ref> Many took the concept further by integrating the unique nature of the demonstrations and defined it as "to act towards taking the democracy of a nation to the next step by reminding governments of their reason for existence in a peaceful and humorous manner."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/what-capuling-everyday-im-capuling-turkish-protest-video-goes-viral-1291541 |title=What Is Capuling? 'Everyday I'm Çapuling' Turkish Protest Video Goes Viral |publisher=[[International Business Times|Ibtimes.com]] |date= 4 June 2013|accessdate=2013-06-05}}</ref> Variations of ''chapulling'' were also coined for other languages.<ref>''[[Posta (newspaper)|Posta]]'', 5 June 2013, [http://www.posta.com.tr/turkiye/HaberDetay/Yeni-internet-fenomeni--Chapulling.htm?ArticleID=180614 Yeni Internet Fenomeni - Chapulling] {{in lang|tr}}</ref>


== Background ==
== Background ==
The Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said during a speech on 2 June 2013, referring to the protesters:
The Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said during a speech on 2 June 2013, referring to the protesters:


{{quote|We cannot just watch some ''çapulcu''<nowiki> inciting our people. [...] Yes, we will also build a mosque. I do not need permission for this; neither from the head of the Republican People's Party (CHP) nor from a few </nowiki>''çapulcu''. I got permission from the fifty percent of the citizens who elected us as the governing party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/politika/erdogan_akm_yikilacak_taksime_cami_de_yapilacak-1135947 |title=Erdoğan: AKM yıkılacak, Taksim'e cami de yapılacak - Radikal Politika |publisher=[[Radikal|Radikal.com.tr]] |date= |accessdate=2013-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/just-a-few-looters-turkish-pm-erdogan-dismisses-protests-as-thousands-occupy-istanbuls-taksim-square-8641336.html |title='Just a few looters’: Turkish PM Erdogan dismisses protests as thousands occupy Istanbul's Taksim Square |publisher=[[The Independent|Independent.co.uk]] |date= 2 June 2013|accessdate=2013-06-05 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-982851 |title=Turkish Prime Minister Calling the protesters looters - CNN iReport |publisher=Ireport.cnn.com |date=2013-06-03 |accessdate=2013-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sherlock |first=Ruth |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/10096762/Turkey-Erdogan-brands-protesters-extremists-and-looters.html |title=Turkey: Erdogan brands protesters 'extremists' and 'looters' |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2013-06-03 |accessdate=2013-06-07 |location=London}}</ref>}}
{{blockquote|We cannot just watch some ''çapulcu''<nowiki> inciting our people. [...] Yes, we will also build a mosque. I do not need permission for this; neither from the head of the Republican People's Party (CHP) nor from a few </nowiki>''çapulcu''. I got permission from the fifty percent of the citizens who elected us as the governing party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/politika/erdogan_akm_yikilacak_taksime_cami_de_yapilacak-1135947 |title=Erdoğan: AKM yıkılacak, Taksim'e cami de yapılacak - Radikal Politika |publisher=[[Radikal|Radikal.com.tr]] |date= |accessdate=2013-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/just-a-few-looters-turkish-pm-erdogan-dismisses-protests-as-thousands-occupy-istanbuls-taksim-square-8641336.html |title='Just a few looters': Turkish PM Erdogan dismisses protests as thousands occupy Istanbul's Taksim Square |publisher=[[The Independent|Independent.co.uk]] |date= 2 June 2013|accessdate=2013-06-05 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-982851 |title=Turkish Prime Minister Calling the protesters looters - CNN iReport |publisher=Ireport.cnn.com |date=2013-06-03 |accessdate=2013-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231255/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-982851 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sherlock |first=Ruth |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/10096762/Turkey-Erdogan-brands-protesters-extremists-and-looters.html |title=Turkey: Erdogan brands protesters 'extremists' and 'looters' |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2013-06-03 |accessdate=2013-06-07 |location=London}}</ref>}}
⚫
[[File:Everyday I'm çapuling - vector format.svg|framed|right|The graffiti is adapted to many artworks on t-shirts, posters, etc. and these artworks contributed to the reappropriation of the term [[çapulcu]]. ]]

Pronounced "cha-pul-ju" in Turkish, the traditional meaning of ''çapulcu'' has been rendered in English in a variety of ways, including "marauders",<ref name=LukeHarding/><ref>[[Hurriyet Daily News]], 7 June 2013, [http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/gezi-park-community-commemorates-the-deceased-of-the-turkey-protests.aspx?pageID=238&nID=48379&NewsCatID=341 Gezi Park community commemorates the deceased of the Turkey protests]</ref> "bums",<ref name=LukeHarding/> "looters",<ref name=AFP/> "vandals",<ref name=AFP/> and "riffraff".<ref>Jody Sabral and Zeynep Erdim, [[BBC]], 8 June 2013, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22823730 Will Istanbul's protesters have the last laugh?]</ref>
Pronounced "cha-pul-ju" in Turkish, the traditional meaning of ''çapulcu'' has been rendered in English in a variety of ways, including "marauders",<ref name=LukeHarding/><ref>[[Hurriyet Daily News]], 7 June 2013, [http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/gezi-park-community-commemorates-the-deceased-of-the-turkey-protests.aspx?pageID=238&nID=48379&NewsCatID=341 Gezi Park community commemorates the deceased of the Turkey protests]</ref> "bums",<ref name=LukeHarding/> "looters",<ref name=AFP/> "vandals",<ref name=AFP/> and "riffraff".<ref>Jody Sabral and Zeynep Erdim, [[BBC]], 8 June 2013, [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22823730 Will Istanbul's protesters have the last laugh?]</ref>


== Reappropriation ==
== Reappropriation ==
The protesters quickly decided to [[Reappropriation|reappropriate]] the term, and began to describe themselves as ''çapulcu''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Florian R&ouml;tzer |url=http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/39/39272/1.html |title=Chapulling in der Türkei &#124; Telepolis |publisher=[[Heise.de]] |date=2013-04-26 |accessdate=2013-06-07}}</ref><ref>[[BBC]], 5 June 2013, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/turkce/multimedya/2013/06/130605_sokaktakiler_gokhan_tan.shtml Gezi Parkı: 'Apolitik çapulcu' ideolojisi] {{tr}}</ref> Within days, the usually negative term was being used as a positive term of self-identification. International supporters of the Gezi Park events posted social media photos of themselves holding messages of "I'm a chapuller as well" in their own languages. The movement was supported by the linguist and political critic [[Noam Chomsky]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/Default.aspx?pageID=238&nID=48018&NewsCatID=341#.Uanl1IVsrKI.twitter |title=Gezi Park crackdown recalls 'most shameful moments of Turkish history,' says Chomsky |publisher=[[Hürriyet Daily News|Hurriyetdailynews.com]] |date= |accessdate=2013-06-05}}</ref> who defined himself as a ''chapuller'', recording the message that "everywhere is [[Taksim Square|Taksim]], everywhere is resistance".<ref name=Huff>[[Huffington Post]], 6 June 2013, [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/06/turkey-protests-snapshots_n_3396017.html?utm_hp_ref=world Turkey Protests Snapshots: Yoga, Trash Crews And Barricades ]</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=DirenGeziPark |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URjXx1eDJ0U |title=Noam Chomsky de çapulcu oldu |publisher=Youtube.com |date= |accessdate=2013-06-05}}</ref> Cem Boyner, Chairman of [[Boyner|Boyner Holding]], also supported the movement by holding a banner saying "I'm neither rightist nor leftist, I am a chapuller."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/23438303.asp | title = Cem Boyner'den, 'Ben de çapulcuyum' çıkışı | accessdate = 5 June 2013 | publisher=[[Hürriyet]] |language=Turkish}}</ref> The word became widely used on [[social networking site]]s, with Facebook users update their statuses to say that they were "capulling", and T-shirts and banners were produced with chapulling slogans,<ref name=Huff/> and a [[Ustream]]-based live stream from Gezi Park was launched under the name Çapul TV.<ref>[http://www.capul.tv/ http://www.capul.tv/], [https://twitter.com/capul_tv @capul_tv]</ref>
The protesters quickly decided to [[Reappropriation|reappropriate]] the term, and began to describe themselves as ''çapulcu''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Florian Rötzer |url=http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/39/39272/1.html |title=Chapulling in der Türkei - Telepolis |publisher=[[Heise.de]] |date=2013-04-26 |accessdate=2013-06-07}}</ref><ref>[[BBC]], 5 June 2013, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/turkce/multimedya/2013/06/130605_sokaktakiler_gokhan_tan.shtml Gezi Parkı: 'Apolitik çapulcu' ideolojisi] {{in lang|tr}}</ref> Within days, the usually negative term was being used as a positive term of self-identification. International supporters of the Gezi Park events posted social media photos of themselves holding messages of "I'm a chapuller as well" in their own languages. The movement was supported by the linguist and political critic [[Noam Chomsky]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/Default.aspx?pageID=238&nID=48018&NewsCatID=341#.Uanl1IVsrKI.twitter |title=Gezi Park crackdown recalls 'most shameful moments of Turkish history,' says Chomsky |publisher=[[Hürriyet Daily News|Hurriyetdailynews.com]] |date= |accessdate=2013-06-05}}</ref> who defined himself as a ''chapuller'', recording the message that "everywhere is [[Taksim Square|Taksim]], everywhere is resistance".<ref name=Huff>[[Huffington Post]], 6 June 2013, [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/06/turkey-protests-snapshots_n_3396017.html Turkey Protests Snapshots: Yoga, Trash Crews And Barricades ]</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=DirenGeziPark |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URjXx1eDJ0U |title=Noam Chomsky de çapulcu oldu |publisher=Youtube.com |date= |accessdate=2013-06-05}}</ref> Cem Boyner, Chairman of [[Boyner|Boyner Holding]], also supported the movement by holding a banner saying "I'm neither rightist nor leftist, I am a chapuller."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/23438303.asp | title = Cem Boyner'den, 'Ben de çapulcuyum' çıkışı | date = 5 June 2013 | accessdate = 5 June 2013 | publisher=[[Hürriyet]] |language=Turkish}}</ref> The word became widely used on [[social networking site]]s, with Facebook users update their statuses to say that they were "capulling", and T-shirts and banners were produced with chapulling slogans,<ref name=Huff/> and a [[Ustream]]-based live stream from Gezi Park was launched under the name Çapul TV.<ref>[http://www.capul.tv/ http://www.capul.tv/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606233556/http://www.capul.tv/ |date=2013-06-06 }}, [https://twitter.com/capul_tv @capul_tv]</ref>


It was reported that the [[Turkish Language Association]] (the [[language regulator]] for the [[Turkish language]]) had changed the description of "çapulcu" in their online dictionary to mean "rebel" instead of its traditional meaning, "looter", in response to the events,<ref>{{cite news|title=TDK 'çapulcu'nun tanımını değiştirdi!|url=http://haber.sol.org.tr/devlet-ve-siyaset/tdk-capulcunun-tanimini-degistirdi-haberi-74223|accessdate=6 June 2013|newspaper=[[SoL (newspaper)|soL]]|date=5 June 2013 <!-- - 23:35 --> }}</ref> but the Association said this was not the case.<ref>{{cite news|title=TDK'dan 'çapulcu' açıklaması|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/23445584.asp|accessdate=6 June 2013|newspaper=[[Hürriyet]]|date=6 June 2013}}</ref> One online Turkish-English dictionary, Zargan, adopted the new word ''chapulling'' in what [[Agence France Presse]] described as "a gesture of solidarity with the demonstrators".<ref name=AFP/> It was also added to the [[Tureng dictionary]] and [[Urban Dictionary]].<ref>[[Hürriyet]], 5 June 2013, [http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/planet/23440261.asp Gezi Parkı eylemleri yepyeni bir fiil yarattı: çapullamak] {{tr}}</ref><ref>''[[Akşam]] '', 5 June 2013, [http://www.aksam.com.tr/yasam/chapulling-literature-girdi/haber-212986 Chapulling literatüre girdi] {{tr}}</ref>
It was reported that the [[Turkish Language Association]] (the [[language regulator]] for the [[Turkish language]]) had changed the description of "çapulcu" in their online dictionary to mean "rebel" instead of its traditional meaning, "looter", in response to the events,<ref>{{cite news|title=TDK 'çapulcu'nun tanımını değiştirdi!|url=http://haber.sol.org.tr/devlet-ve-siyaset/tdk-capulcunun-tanimini-degistirdi-haberi-74223|accessdate=6 June 2013|newspaper=[[SoL (newspaper)|soL]]|date=5 June 2013 <!-- - 23:35 --> }}</ref> but the Association said this was not the case.<ref>{{cite news|title=TDK'dan 'çapulcu' açıklaması|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/23445584.asp|accessdate=6 June 2013|newspaper=[[Hürriyet]]|date=6 June 2013}}</ref> One online Turkish-English dictionary, Zargan, adopted the new word ''chapulling'' in what [[Agence France Presse]] described as "a gesture of solidarity with the demonstrators".<ref name=AFP/> It was also added to the [[Tureng dictionary]] and [[Urban Dictionary]].<ref>[[Hürriyet]], 5 June 2013, [http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/planet/23440261.asp Gezi Parkı eylemleri yepyeni bir fiil yarattı: çapullamak] {{in lang|tr}}</ref><ref>''[[Akşam]] '', 5 June 2013, [http://www.aksam.com.tr/yasam/chapulling-literature-girdi/haber-212986 Chapulling literatüre girdi] {{in lang|tr}}</ref>


By 8 June the [[Turkish Patent Institute]] had received 16 applications for ''çapulcu''-related [[trademark]]s, covering items such as toilet paper, drinks, and a newspaper.<ref>[[Radikal]], 8 June 2013, [http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/capulcu_markasi_icin_16_basvuru-1136820 "Çapulcu" markası için 16 başvuru]</ref>
By 8 June the [[Turkish Patent Institute]] had received 16 applications for ''çapulcu''-related [[trademark]]s, covering items such as toilet paper, drinks, and a newspaper.<ref>[[Radikal]], 8 June 2013, [http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/capulcu_markasi_icin_16_basvuru-1136820 "Çapulcu" markası için 16 başvuru]</ref>


Following the protests in Turkey the Istanbul based platform InEnArt presents Urban Voices which opens a critical view on cultural practices and phenomena that expresses the ethos, aspirations, and dreams of a specific population during a well-defined era and that triggered dramatic cultural changes. One section of Urban Voices focusses on the protest culture in Turkey as described with the neologism Çapuling. It describes and reflects the visual culture, humor and irony of the peaceful protestors (the Çapulcu) as it developed in many forms in Turkey during 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title= Why Turks are good at protesting|url=http://www.inenart.eu/?p=10008|work=InEnArt|accessdate=14 June 2013}}</ref>
Following the protests in Turkey the Istanbul-based platform InEnArt presents Urban Voices which opens a critical view on cultural practices and phenomena that expresses the ethos, aspirations, and dreams of a specific population during a well-defined era and that triggered dramatic cultural changes. One section of Urban Voices focusses on the protest culture in Turkey as described with the neologism Çapuling. It describes and reflects the visual culture, humor and irony of the peaceful protesters (the Çapulcu) as it developed in many forms in Turkey during 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title= Why Turks are good at protesting|url=http://www.inenart.eu/?p=10008|work=InEnArt| date=14 June 2013 |accessdate=14 June 2013}}</ref>

For the exhibition Made in Turkiye presented by NoLaB in 2017 at Hasköy Spinning Factory, the participating artists continue to show a reflection on traditional Turkish culture by recreating old handcraft in an innovative, ironical and artistic way.<ref>{{cite web|title= Made in Turkiye|url=http://www.inenart.eu/?p=21683|work=InEnArt|accessdate=11 April 2017}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 26: Line 29:
== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category|Chapulling}}
{{commons category|Chapulling}}
* [[Ekşi Sözlük|ekşi sözlük]] [http://eksisozluk.com/chapulling--3864218 "Chapulling"] {{tr}}
* [[Ekşi Sözlük|ekşi sözlük]] [http://eksisozluk.com/chapulling--3864218 "Chapulling"] {{in lang|tr}}
* Instela, [https://tr.instela.com/chapulling--520693 "Chapulling"] {{tr}}
* Instela, [https://tr.instela.com/chapulling--520693 "Chapulling"] {{in lang|tr}}
* [[seslisözlük]], [http://opensearch.seslisozluk.com/?word=chapulling&ssQBy=0&OpenSearch=1 "Chapulling"] {{tr}}
* [[seslisözlük]], [http://opensearch.seslisozluk.com/?word=chapulling&ssQBy=0&OpenSearch=1 "Chapulling"] {{in lang|tr}}
* [[Tureng Dictionary]], [http://tureng.com/search/chapulling "Chapulling"]
* [[Tureng Dictionary]], [http://tureng.com/search/chapulling "Chapulling"]
* Language Log, [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=4748 "Çapuling"]. Mark Liberman, 16 June 2013, 8:59 am. Accessed 16 June 2013.
* Language Log, [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=4748 "Çapuling"]. Mark Liberman, 16 June 2013, 8:59 am. Accessed 16 June 2013.

{{Gezi Park protests}}


[[Category:Turkish-language culture]]
[[Category:Turkish-language culture]]
[[Category:Words coined in the 2010s]]
[[Category:2010s neologisms]]
[[Category:2013 in Turkey]]
[[Category:2013 in Turkey]]
[[Category:Neologisms]]
[[Category:Political neologisms]]
[[Category:Reclaimed words]]
[[Category:Gezi Park protests]]
[[Category:Gezi Park protests]]

Latest revision as of 08:34, 1 November 2024

Graffiti from Turkey, June 2013 that reads "Everyday I'm Çapuling", referencing LMFAO's "Party Rock Anthem"[1]

Chapulling (Turkish: Çapulcu, Turkish pronunciation: [t͡ʃapuɫd͡ʒu]) is a neologism originating in the Gezi Park protests, coined from Prime Minister Erdoğan's use of the term çapulcu (roughly translated to "marauders")[2] to describe the protesters. Çapulcu was rapidly reappropriated by the protesters, both in its original form and as the anglicized chapuller and additionally verbified chapulling, given the meaning of "fighting for your rights".[1] Chapulling has been used in Turkish both in its anglicized form and in the hybrid word form çapuling.

The word quickly caught on, adopted by the demonstrators and online activists, and became a viral video.[3] Many took the concept further by integrating the unique nature of the demonstrations and defined it as "to act towards taking the democracy of a nation to the next step by reminding governments of their reason for existence in a peaceful and humorous manner."[4] Variations of chapulling were also coined for other languages.[5]

Background

[edit]

The Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said during a speech on 2 June 2013, referring to the protesters:

We cannot just watch some çapulcu inciting our people. [...] Yes, we will also build a mosque. I do not need permission for this; neither from the head of the Republican People's Party (CHP) nor from a few çapulcu. I got permission from the fifty percent of the citizens who elected us as the governing party.[6][7][8][9]

The graffiti is adapted to many artworks on t-shirts, posters, etc. and these artworks contributed to the reappropriation of the term çapulcu.

Pronounced "cha-pul-ju" in Turkish, the traditional meaning of çapulcu has been rendered in English in a variety of ways, including "marauders",[2][10] "bums",[2] "looters",[1] "vandals",[1] and "riffraff".[11]

Reappropriation

[edit]

The protesters quickly decided to reappropriate the term, and began to describe themselves as çapulcu.[12][13] Within days, the usually negative term was being used as a positive term of self-identification. International supporters of the Gezi Park events posted social media photos of themselves holding messages of "I'm a chapuller as well" in their own languages. The movement was supported by the linguist and political critic Noam Chomsky,[14] who defined himself as a chapuller, recording the message that "everywhere is Taksim, everywhere is resistance".[15][16] Cem Boyner, Chairman of Boyner Holding, also supported the movement by holding a banner saying "I'm neither rightist nor leftist, I am a chapuller."[17] The word became widely used on social networking sites, with Facebook users update their statuses to say that they were "capulling", and T-shirts and banners were produced with chapulling slogans,[15] and a Ustream-based live stream from Gezi Park was launched under the name Çapul TV.[18]

It was reported that the Turkish Language Association (the language regulator for the Turkish language) had changed the description of "çapulcu" in their online dictionary to mean "rebel" instead of its traditional meaning, "looter", in response to the events,[19] but the Association said this was not the case.[20] One online Turkish-English dictionary, Zargan, adopted the new word chapulling in what Agence France Presse described as "a gesture of solidarity with the demonstrators".[1] It was also added to the Tureng dictionary and Urban Dictionary.[21][22]

By 8 June the Turkish Patent Institute had received 16 applications for çapulcu-related trademarks, covering items such as toilet paper, drinks, and a newspaper.[23]

Following the protests in Turkey the Istanbul-based platform InEnArt presents Urban Voices which opens a critical view on cultural practices and phenomena that expresses the ethos, aspirations, and dreams of a specific population during a well-defined era and that triggered dramatic cultural changes. One section of Urban Voices focusses on the protest culture in Turkey as described with the neologism Çapuling. It describes and reflects the visual culture, humor and irony of the peaceful protesters (the Çapulcu) as it developed in many forms in Turkey during 2013.[24]

For the exhibition Made in Turkiye presented by NoLaB in 2017 at Hasköy Spinning Factory, the participating artists continue to show a reflection on traditional Turkish culture by recreating old handcraft in an innovative, ironical and artistic way.[25]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e AFP, The Express Tribune, 8 June 2013, 'Chapulling': Turkish protesters spread the edgy word. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Luke Harding, The Guardian, 10 June 2013, Turkish protesters embrace Erdoğan insult and start 'capuling' craze
  3. ^ Everyday I'm Çapuling !, YouTube video released June 4, 2013
  4. ^ "What Is Capuling? 'Everyday I'm Çapuling' Turkish Protest Video Goes Viral". Ibtimes.com. 4 June 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-05.
  5. ^ Posta, 5 June 2013, Yeni Internet Fenomeni - Chapulling (in Turkish)
  6. ^ "Erdoğan: AKM yıkılacak, Taksim'e cami de yapılacak - Radikal Politika". Radikal.com.tr. Retrieved 2013-06-05.
  7. ^ "'Just a few looters': Turkish PM Erdogan dismisses protests as thousands occupy Istanbul's Taksim Square". London: Independent.co.uk. 2 June 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-05.
  8. ^ "Turkish Prime Minister Calling the protesters looters - CNN iReport". Ireport.cnn.com. 2013-06-03. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2013-06-07.
  9. ^ Sherlock, Ruth (2013-06-03). "Turkey: Erdogan brands protesters 'extremists' and 'looters'". London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2013-06-07.
  10. ^ Hurriyet Daily News, 7 June 2013, Gezi Park community commemorates the deceased of the Turkey protests
  11. ^ Jody Sabral and Zeynep Erdim, BBC, 8 June 2013, Will Istanbul's protesters have the last laugh?
  12. ^ Florian Rötzer (2013-04-26). "Chapulling in der Türkei - Telepolis". Heise.de. Retrieved 2013-06-07.
  13. ^ BBC, 5 June 2013, Gezi Parkı: 'Apolitik çapulcu' ideolojisi (in Turkish)
  14. ^ "Gezi Park crackdown recalls 'most shameful moments of Turkish history,' says Chomsky". Hurriyetdailynews.com. Retrieved 2013-06-05.
  15. ^ a b Huffington Post, 6 June 2013, Turkey Protests Snapshots: Yoga, Trash Crews And Barricades
  16. ^ DirenGeziPark. "Noam Chomsky de çapulcu oldu". Youtube.com. Retrieved 2013-06-05.
  17. ^ "Cem Boyner'den, 'Ben de çapulcuyum' çıkışı" (in Turkish). Hürriyet. 5 June 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  18. ^ http://www.capul.tv/ Archived 2013-06-06 at the Wayback Machine, @capul_tv
  19. ^ "TDK 'çapulcu'nun tanımını değiştirdi!". soL. 5 June 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  20. ^ "TDK'dan 'çapulcu' açıklaması". Hürriyet. 6 June 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  21. ^ Hürriyet, 5 June 2013, Gezi Parkı eylemleri yepyeni bir fiil yarattı: çapullamak (in Turkish)
  22. ^ Akşam , 5 June 2013, Chapulling literatüre girdi (in Turkish)
  23. ^ Radikal, 8 June 2013, "Çapulcu" markası için 16 başvuru
  24. ^ "Why Turks are good at protesting". InEnArt. 14 June 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  25. ^ "Made in Turkiye". InEnArt. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
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