View source for German submarine U-193

{{Short description|German World War II submarine}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=
|Ship caption=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Nazi Germany]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Nazi Germany|naval}}
|Ship name=''U-193''
|Ship ordered=4 November 1940
|Ship builder=[[AG Weser]], [[Bremen]]
|Ship yard number=1039
|Ship laid down =22 December 1941
|Ship launched=24 August 1942
|Ship commissioned=10 December 1942
|Ship homeport=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship fate=Missing since 24 April 1944
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[German Type IX submarine|Type IXC/40]] [[submarine]]
|Ship displacement=
*{{convert|1120|t|LT|abbr=on|lk=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|1232|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
|Ship length=
*{{convert|76.76|m|abbr=on}} [[o/a]]
*{{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[pressure hull]]
|Ship beam=
*{{convert|6.90|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
*{{convert|4.40|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull
|Ship height={{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=
*{{convert|4400|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}} (diesels)
*{{convert|1000|PS|kW shp|-1|abbr=on}} (electric)
|Ship propulsion=
*2 shafts
*2 × [[diesel engine]]s
*2 × [[Motor-generator|electric motors]]
|Ship speed=
*{{convert|18.3|kn}} surfaced
*{{convert|7.3|kn}} submerged
|Ship range=
*{{convert|13,850|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
*{{convert|117|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged
|Ship test depth={{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship complement=4 officers, 44 enlisted48 to 56
|Ship armament=
*6 × [[torpedo tube]]s (4 bow, 2 stern)
*22 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo]]es
*1 × [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/32]] [[deck gun]] (180 rounds)
*1 × [[3.7 cm SK C/30|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30]] AA gun
*1 × twin [[2 cm FlaK 30]] AA guns
|Ship notes=
}}
{{infobox service record
|is_ship=yes
|label=
|partof=
*[[4th U-boat Flotilla]]
*10 December 1942 – 30 April 1943
*[[2nd U-boat Flotilla]]
*1 May 1943 – 31 March 1944
*[[10th U-boat Flotilla]]
*1 – 23 April 1944
|codes=M 50 201
|commanders=
*''[[K.Kapt.]]'' Hans Pauckstadt
*10 December 1942 – 31 March 1944
*''[[Oblt.z.S.]]'' Dr. Ulrich Abel
*1 – 24 April 1944
|operations=*3 patrols:
*1st patrol:
*a. 22 May – 23 July 1943
*b. 21 September 1943
*c. 27 – 28 September 1943
*2nd patrol:
*a. 12 October 1943 – 10 February 1944
*b. 20 – 24 February 1944
*3rd patrol:
*23 – 24 April 1944
|victories=*1 merchant ship sunk <br />({{GRT|10,172}})
}}
|}

'''German submarine ''U-193''''' was a [[German Type IX submarine#Type IXC/40|Type IXC/40]] [[U-boat]] of [[Nazi Germany]]'s ''[[Kriegsmarine]]'' built during [[World War II]] for service in the Atlantic Ocean. 
The submarine was [[Keel laying|laid down]] on 22 December 1941 at the [[AG Weser]] yard in [[Bremen]] as yard number 1039. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 24 August 1942 and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 10 December under the command of ''[[Korvettenkapitän]]'' Hans Paukstadt.

She was a member of two [[Wolfpack (naval tactic)|wolfpack]]s and carried out four war patrols in which she sank one ship, before being lost herself in the [[Bay of Biscay]] in April 1944.

==Design==
[[German Type IX submarine#Type IXC/40|German Type IXC/40 submarines]] were slightly larger than the original [[German Type IX submarine#Type IXC|Type IXC]]s. ''U-193'' had a displacement of {{convert|1144|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1257|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|76.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[pressure hull]] length of {{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|6.86|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a [[draught (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|4.67|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two [[MAN SE|MAN]] M 9 V 40/46 [[supercharged]] four-stroke, nine-cylinder [[diesel engine]]s producing a total of {{convert|4400|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two [[Siemens-Schuckert]] 2 GU 345/34 [[Motor–generator|double-acting electric motors]] producing a total of {{convert|1000|shp|PS kW|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.92|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} [[propeller]]s. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}}

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|18.3|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.3|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|63|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|13850|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. ''U-193'' was fitted with six {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 [[torpedo]]es, one [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun]], 180 rounds, and a [[3.7 cm SK C/30|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30]] as well as a [[2 cm FlaK 30|{{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30]] anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a [[Ship's company|complement]] of forty-eight.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}}

==Service history==

===First patrol===
The boat's first patrol was preceded by a short trip from [[Kiel]] in Germany to [[Bergen]] in Norway in May 1943. She then left the Nordic port on 22 May, heading west. She negotiated the [[GIUK gap|gap]] between [[Iceland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]] and entered the Atlantic Ocean.

She did not encounter any Allied shipping, and failed to find her first victory. An unidentified aircraft attacked ''U-193'' south of the [[Canary Islands]] on 6 July, wounding two men and destroying the [[Metox]] radar detection equipment.

The submarine entered [[Bordeaux]] in occupied France, on 23 July.

===Second and third patrols===
''U-193''{{'}}s second foray began with her departure from [[La Pallice]], (she had moved there in September), on 12 October 1943. Moving to the [[Gulf of Mexico]], she sank the independently sailing 10,172 GRT American oil tanker ''[[SS Touchet|Touchet]]'' west of [[Florida]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/3143.html |title=Touchet |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net}}</ref> with the loss of ten of her crew. The remainder of the patrol was a failure, however, as a combination of dud torpedoes, well-organized convoys and effective [[Anti-submarine warfare|counter-measures]] combined to prevent the boat gaining a single hit.

As the second patrol came to an end in February 1944 after five frustrating months at sea, ''U-193'' caused an international incident following an attack by Allied aircraft and convoy escorts off the Spanish coast. In her desperate attempts to escape, she dived straight into the seabed, causing serious damage to the boat. Knowing a journey to a German-held port was now impossible, her captain, Hans Pauckstadt, decided to intern his boat in [[Ferrol, Spain|Ferrol]], Spain. Under international law, if ''U-193'' remained in the neutral harbour for more than 24 hours, then the Spanish authorities were obliged to detain the submarine for the remainder of hostilities. This did not occur, ''U-193'' stayed in Ferrol for ten days whilst Spanish workmen performed superficial repairs to the U-boat.

''U-193'' then left the port despite Allied protests and returned to La Pallice in France, where more extensive repairs were completed and Paukstadt was replaced by ''Kptlt.'' Dr. [[Ulrich Abel]]. Abel had served as Watch Officer on {{GS|U-154|1941|2}} under the command of [[Oskar Kusch]]. Abel denounced Kusch, which led to Kusch's [[court martial]] and execution for [[defeatism]]. This six-day passage is often listed as ''U-193''{{'}}s 'third' patrol, although there was no intention of operating against Allied shipping.

===Fourth patrol===
Following repairs, ''U-193'' departed on her fourth and final patrol and was never heard from again. Her loss remains a mystery. A post-war assessment states that on 28 April 1944, she was seen and attacked by a British [[Royal Air Force]] [[Vickers Wellington]] bomber of [[No. 612 Squadron RAF]],{{sfn|Kemp|1999|pp=185–186}} whose depth charges sank the boat with all 59 hands not far from [[Nantes]]. This attack was actually against {{GS|U-802||2}}, inflicting no damage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u193.htm |title=The Type IXC/40 boat U-193 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net}}</ref> The reason for ''U-193'''s loss is unknown; however as the Bay of Biscay was routinely mined by the RAF, it could have been an operational loss.

==Summary of raiding history==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Date
! Ship
! Nationality
! Tonnage <br />([[Gross register tonnage|GRT]])
! Fate<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u193.html
 |title=Ships hit by U-193
 | last=Helgason
 | first=Guðmundur
 | website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
}}</ref>
|-
| 3 December 1943
| [[List of shipwrecks in December 1943#3 December|''Touchet'']]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| 10,172
| Sunk
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{Cite book |last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |title=German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |publisher=Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press |year=1999 |isbn=1-55750-186-6 |location=London, Annapolis, Md |translator-last=Brooks |translator-first=Geoffrey }}
*{{Cite book |last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |series=Der U-Boot-Krieg |publisher=Mittler |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |volume=IV |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |language=German |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 }}
*{{Cite book |last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |series=German Warships 1815–1945 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |year=1991 |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |volume=2 |location=London |translator-last=Thomas |translator-first=Keith |ref=CITEREFGröner1991 |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel}}
*{{Cite book |last=Kemp |first=Paul |title=U-boats destroyed : German submarine losses in the World Wars |date=1999 |publisher=Arms & Armour |isbn=1-85409-515-3 |location=London |oclc=43972253 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Sharpe |first=Peter |title=U-Boat Fact File |publisher=Midland Publishing |year=1998 |isbn=1-85780-072-9 |location=Great Britain }}

{{Refend}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u193.htm |title=The Type IXC/40 boat U-193 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |access-date=7 December 2014}}
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0193.html |title=''U 193'' |last=Hofmann |first=Markus |website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935–1945 - u-boot-archiv.de |language=German |access-date=7 December 2014}}

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{{German Type IXC/40 submarines}}
{{April 1944 shipwrecks}}

{{use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:U0193}}
[[Category:German Type IX submarines]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:U-boats commissioned in 1942]]
[[Category:1942 ships]]
[[Category:U-boats sunk in 1944]]
[[Category:World War II submarines of Germany]]
[[Category:Missing U-boats of World War II]]
[[Category:Ships built in Bremen (state)]]
[[Category:U-boats sunk by mines]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in April 1944]]