Juniata Formation
| Juniata Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Late Ordovician | |
 Outcrop on U.S. Route 522 at Blacklog Narrows southeast of Orbisonia, Pennsylvania. | |
| Type | sedimentary |
| Underlies | Oswego Formation and Tuscarora Formation |
| Overlies | Bald Eagle Formation |
| Thickness | 400–1,125 ft (122–343 m) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | sandstone, siltstone, shale |
| Location | |
| Region | Appalachian Mountains |
| Extent | Maryland, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia,[1] and West Virginia |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Juniata River in Pennsylvania |
| Named by | Darton and Taff[2] |
The Ordovician Juniata Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, Tennessee, and Maryland. It is a relative slope-former occurring between the two prominent ridge-forming sandstone units: the Tuscarora Formation and the Bald Eagle Formation in the Appalachian Mountains.
Description
[edit]
The Juniata is defined as a grayish-red to greenish-gray, thin- to thick-bedded siltstone, shale, and very fine to medium-grained crossbedded sandstone or subgraywacke and protoquartzite with interbedded conglomerate.[3][4] The Juniata is a lateral equivalent of the Queenston Shale in western Pennsylvania.
Depositional environment
[edit]The depositional environment of the Juniata has always been interpreted as mostly terrestrial or shallow marine deposits resulting in a molasse sequence produced by the Taconic orogeny.
Fossils
[edit]Very few fossils exist in the Juniata Formation, but different types of trace fossils such as tracks and burrows can commonly be found.
Age
[edit]Relative age dating of the Juniata places it in the Upper Ordovician period, being deposited between 488.3 and 443.7 (±10) million years ago. It rests conformably atop the Bald Eagle Formation in Pennsylvania and the Martinsburg Formation in Maryland,[4] and conformably below the Tuscarora Formation.[5]
Economic use
[edit]The Juniata is a good source of road material, riprap and building stone.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ Paleozoic Sedimentary Successions of the Virginia Valley & Ridge and Plateau
- ^ Darton, N.H., and Taff, J.A., 1896, Description of the Piedmont sheet (West Virginia-Maryland): U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Atlas of the United States, Piedmont folio, no. 28, 6 p.
- ^ Berg, T.M., Edmunds, W.E., Geyer, A.R. and others, compilers, (1980). Geologic Map of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, Map 1, scale 1:250,000.
- ^ a b "Allegheny Plateau and Valley and Ridge". Geologic Map of Maryland. Maryland Geological Survey. 1968. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
- ^ Berg, T.M., et al., (1983). Stratagraphic Correlation Chart of Pennsylvania: G75, Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
- ^ Doden, Arnold G.; Gold, David P. (2008). "Bedrock Geologic Map of The Mc Alevys Fort Quadrangle, Huntingdon, Centre, and Mifflin Counties, Pennsylvania" (PDF). Pennsylvania Geological Survey. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 9, 2011.
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See also
[edit]
 | This article about a specific stratigraphic formation in Maryland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
- Ordovician System of North America
- Upper Ordovician Series
- Sandstone formations of the United States
- Siltstone formations
- Shale formations of the United States
- Geologic formations of Maryland
- Geologic formations of Pennsylvania
- Geologic formations of Tennessee
- Geologic formations of Virginia
- Ordovician West Virginia
- Ordovician Maryland
- Ordovician geology of Pennsylvania
- Ordovician geology of Tennessee
- Ordovician geology of Virginia
- Southern United States geologic formation stubs
- Maryland geography stubs