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Kesarbai Kerkar

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Kesarbai Kerkar
Kesarbai Kerkar receiving Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in March 1953
Kesarbai Kerkar receiving Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in March 1953
Background information
Birth nameKesarbai Kerkar
Born(1892-07-13)13 July 1892
OriginKeri, Goa
Died16 September 1977(1977-09-16) (aged 85)
GenresHindustani classical music – Khayal
OccupationHindustani classical vocalist
Years active1930-1964

Kesarbai Kerkar (13 July 1892 – 16 September 1977) was an Indian classical vocalist of the Jaipur-Atrauli gharana.[1] A protege of Ustad Alladiya Khan (1855–1946), the founder of the gharana, from age sixteen, she went on to become one of the most noted khayal singers of the second half of the 20th century.[2][3][4]

She was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1953, followed by Padma Bhushan is the third highest civilian award in India, in 1969.[5]

Biography

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Early life and training

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Born in the tiny village of Keri (also spelled "Querim"), in a family from Ponda taluka of North Goa, Goa (then a Portuguese colony), at the age of eight Kerkar moved to Kolhapur, where she studied for eight months with Abdul Karim Khan. Upon her return to Goa, she studied with the vocalist Ramkrishnabuwa Vaze (1871–1945), during his visits to Lamgaon.[2][6]

Meanwhile, Mumbai (then Bombay) under British Raj, was fast developing as a business and trade centre of the country. Several musicians and singers from North India and Central India, facing declining patronage from princely states started migrating to the city. At the age of 16, she too moved to Mumbai with her mother and uncle. A wealthy local businessman Seth Vitthaldas Dwarkadas helped her study under with Barkat Ullah Khan, sitar player and court musician at Patiala State. He taught her intermittently for two years, during his visit to the city. However, when Khan, became court musician at Mysore State, she trained under Bhaskarbuwa Bakhale (1869-1922) and Ramkrishnabuwa Vaze for short periods.[7]

Eventually ending up as disciple to Ustad Alladiya Khan (1855–1946), the founder of the Jaipur-Atrauli gharana, beginning in 1921, and trained rigorously under him for following eleven years. Though she started singing professionally in 1930, she continued learning from Khan, despite his failing health, till his death in 1946.[6][7]

Career

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Kerkar eventually achieved wide renown, performing regularly for aristocratic audiences. She was very particular about the representation of her work and consequently made only a few 78 rpm recordings, for the HMV and Broadcast labels. In time, Kerkar became an accomplished Khayal singer of her generation, and seldom sang light classical music, often associated with female vocalists. Her success as a public singer, along with that of Mogubai Kurdikar (mother of Kishori Amonkar), Hirabai Barodekar and Gangubai Hangal, paved the way for the next generation of female vocalists, away from singing mehfils or private gatherings that women of previous generations had to settle for.[2]

Kerkar was awarded the 1953 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, given by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama, as the highest Indian recognition given to practicing artists[8] This was followed by the decoration of Padma Bhushan by the government of India in 1969,[9] and in the same year the government of the Indian state of Maharashtra conferred upon her the title of "Rajya Gayika." Indian Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) is said to have been very fond of Kerkar's singing. Her honorific title "Surashri" (or "Surshri") literally means "one with a mastery over notes" (sur meaning "notes" in Indian classical music and shri which is an honorific title used in this context as lord or master), and was bestowed on her in 1948 by the Sangeet Pravin Sangitanuragi Sajjan Saman Samiti of Calcutta. She retired from public singing in 1963–64.[6]

In her ancestral village of Keri, the Surashree Kesarbai Kerkar High School now occupies the site of Kerkar's former second home, and the house where she was born still stands, less than one kilometer away. A music festival called the Surashree Kesarbai Kerkar Smriti Sangeet Samaroha is held in Goa each November, by Kala Academy, Goa.[10] and a music scholarship in her name is awarded annually to a University of Mumbai student by National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA) via Kesarbai Kerkar Scholarship Fund.[6] Unlike her Guru, Kerkar was not fond of teaching, and thus taught only one disciple, Dhondutai Kulkarni, who has previously learned from Ut. Bhurji Khan, the son of Alladiya Khan and Ut. Azizuddin Khan, grandson of Alladiya Khan.[11][12]

Kerkar has the further distinction of having one of her recordings, "Jaat Kahan Ho", duration 3:30 (an interpretation of raga Bhairavi) included on the Voyager Golden Record, a gold-plated copper disc containing music selections from around the world, which was sent into space aboard the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft in 1977.[13] The recording was recommended for inclusion on the Voyager disc by the ethnomusicologist Robert E. Brown, who believed it to be the finest recorded example of Indian classical music.

Since 2000, several CDs of her archival recordings have been released, including one on the Golden Milestones series, which contains several of her most famous songs.

Recordings

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References

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  1. ^ Babanarāva Haḷadaṇakara (1 January 2001). Aesthetics of Agra and Jaipur Traditions. Popular Prakashan. pp. 33–. ISBN 978-81-7154-685-5.
  2. ^ a b c Bruno Nettl; Alison Arnold (2000). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent. Taylor & Francis. pp. 413–. ISBN 978-0-8240-4946-1.
  3. ^ Vinayak Purohit (1988). Arts of Transitional India Twentieth Century. Popular Prakashan. p. 908. ISBN 978-0-86132-138-4.
  4. ^ Surashri Kesarbai Kerkar Archived 11 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2009-12-27
  5. ^ "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d J. Clement Vaz (1997). Profiles of Eminent Goans, Past and Present. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 78–79. ISBN 978-81-7022-619-2.
  7. ^ a b "Kesarbai Kerkar". Underscore Records. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  8. ^ "SNA: List of Akademi Awardees". Sangeet Natak Akademi Official website. Archived from the original on 30 May 2015.
  9. ^ "Padma Awards Directory (1954–2013)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015.
  10. ^ "Surashree Kesarbai Kerkar Smriti Sangeet Samaroha". Kala Academy Goa. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  11. ^ Namita Devidayal (2 June 2014). "Dhondutai Kulkarni: A life steeped in simplicity, soaked in music". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  12. ^ Jeffrey Michael Grimes (2008). The Geography of Hindustani Music: The Influence of Region and Regionalism on the North Indian Classical Tradition. pp. 144–. ISBN 978-1-109-00342-0.
  13. ^ Laxman, Srinivas (7 August 2017). "40 years of Voyager-2: Indian music still resonates in space". The Times of India. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
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