Kuladevata
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A kuladevata or kuladevi (Sanskrit: कुलदेवता or कुलदेवी, romanized: Kuladevatā or Kuladevī, lit. 'clan deity'),[1] also known as a kuladaivaṃ (Tamil: குலதெய்வம்),[2] is an ancestral tutelary deity in Hinduism and Jainism.[3]
Such a deity is often the object of one's devotion (bhakti), and is coaxed to watch over one's clan (kula), gotra, family, and children from misfortune. This is distinct from an ishta-devata (personal tutelar) and a grāmadevatā (village deities).[4]
Male kuladevatas are sometimes referred to as a kuladeva, while their female counterparts are called a kuladevi.[5]
Etymology
[edit]The word kuladevata is derived from two words: kula, meaning clan, and devata, meaning deity, referring to the ancestral deities that are worshipped by particular clans.[6]
Veneration
[edit]Kuladaivams of the Shaiva tradition are often considered to be forms of Shiva and Parvati, while those of the Vaishnava tradition are often regarded to be forms of Vishnu and Lakshmi.[7]
Due to the veneration of holy men (babas) in several regions of the subcontinent, several communities consider such men to be their kuladevatas in the place of a deity.[8]
In western India, some communities regard local monarchs who belonged to their clan to be their kuladevata.[9]
List
[edit]The following is a non-exhaustive list of the various kuladevatas revered in different regions of the Indian subcontinent:
Nepal
[edit]The kuldevata (Nepali: Kuldeuta कुलदेउता) in many hilly Nepalese families are often local deities worshipped by the people before the arrival of Hinduism in the region. For those of Khas descent, this is often the 12 Masto gods or one of the 9 Durga Bhawanis, which include:
- Bawira Masto
- Dare Masto
- Kamal Masto
- Leudi Masto
- Rumal Masto
- Channa Masto
- Winayak Masto
- Khapar Masto
- Kala Shree Masto
Northern India
[edit]Himachal Pradesh
[edit]
Uttar Pradesh
[edit]Some of the Primary Kuladevatas of Uttar Pradesh include:
Southern India
[edit]Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
[edit]Some of the primary kuladevatas of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana include:
- Venkateswara
- Vasavi Kanyaka Parameshvari
- Narasimha
- Mallanna, also known as Khandoba
- Nimishamba
Karnataka
[edit]Some of the primary kuladevatas of Karnataka include:[10]
Tulu Nadu
[edit]Some of the primary kuladevatas of Tulu Nadu include:
Kerala
[edit]Some of the primary kuladevatas of Kerala include:[11][12]
- Padmanabhaswamy
- Guruvayurappan
- Bhadrakali
- Rakteswari
- Vettakkorumakan
- Narayani
- Lakshmi-Narayana
- Narasimha
- Ganesha
- Ayyappan
- Navadurga
- Damodara
- Shasta
Tamil Nadu
[edit]Some of the primary kuladevatas of Tamil Nadu include:
- Annanmar Thangal
- Shastha
- Kurathiamman
- Ellamman
- Kamakshi
- Angalamman
- Kala Bhairavar
- Narasimha
- Bhadrakali
- Kallalagar
- Mariamman
- Thillai Kali
- Karuppu Sami
- Veeramaathi Amman
- Kodaiyalappan
- Pavadairayan
- Renukamba
- Pachchaiamman
- Draupadi Amman
- Peradachiyamman
- Periyandichiyamman
- Marudhaiyan
- Madurai Veeran
- Muneeshvarar
- Maada saamy
- Thalavai Nalla Maada saamy
- Ayyanar
- Murugan
- Veerabhadrar
- Periandavar
- Sudalaimadan
- Nondi Veeran
- Kateri Amman
- Sapta Kanni
- Sankara Narayana
Western India
[edit]Maharashtra
[edit]The kuladevatas worshipped in Maharashtra include:
- Ambabai, also called Mahalakshmi of Kolhapur[13]
- Vajreshwari
- Tulja Bhavani[14][13]
- Virabhadra of Mukhed.[15]
- Ekvira at Karla
- Khandoba of Jejuri[16]
- Jyotiba near Kolhapur[17]
- Khandoba of Pali
- Lakshmi-Narasimha of Nira Narsingpur
- Mandhradevi near Wai
- Renuka of Mahur
- Vasavi Mata
- Vyadeshwar
- Yamai of Aundh[18]
- Yogeshwari of Ambejogai
- Venkateswara of Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh
- Saptashrungi of Vani, Nashik
- Mahalakshmi of Ganoja, Bhatkuli, (Amravati)
- Chandrala Parameshwari of Sannati
Konkan
[edit]The kuladevatas venerated in the Konkan region include:
- Aryadurga
- Bhagavati
- Chamundeshwari
- Damodar
- Devaki-Krishna
- Gajantalakshmi
- Ekvira
- Jaganmata
- Kamakshi
- Mallikarjuna[19]
- Maha Ganapathi Mahammaya
- Mahalakshmi
- Mahalasa
- Mahamaya
- Mahamaya Kalika
- Mangeshi
- Nageshi
- Kali
- Waghjai
- Lakshmi-Narasimha
- Navadurga
- Ramnath
- Ravalnath
- Saptakoteshwar
- Shantadurga
- Sharwani Vetal
- Vijayadurga
- Vimleshwar
- Vetala
- Rameshwar
- Mauli
- Venkataraman
Gujarat and Rajasthan
[edit]The kuladevatas worshipped in Gujarat and Rajasthan include:[20]
- Arasuri Ambaji
- Ashapura Mata
- Baba Mohan Rama
- Baba Ramdevji
- Suswani Mata
- Momai Mata
- Bhadrakali
- Bhagwati Maa
- Bhatiji Maharaj
- Brahmani Mata
- Chamunda Mata
- Dada Jasraj
- Eklingji
- Dev Narain
- Gajanan Mata
- Gogaji
- Vitthalanatha
- Harkor
- Harsidhhi Mata
- Hinglaj Mata
- Jeen Mata
- Kaila Devi
- Mahakali Mata
- Mahalakshmi Mata
- Manasa Devi
- Meldi Maa
- Modheswari
- Nagnechiya Maa
- Pabuji
- Rana Jashraj
- Sachiya Mata
- Sati Mata
- Tanot Mata
- Tulja Bhavani
- Vachra Dada
- Varahi Mata
- Veer Teja
- Vindhya
- Umiya Mata
Eastern India / Nepal (Terai Belt, Southern Nepal)
[edit]
Bihar
In Bihar, the following deities are worshipped as kuladevatas:
Bihar asthana kayasth ki kuldeviya. Banni mata, durga mata, shiv ji , hanuman ji, batuk Bhairav ji
- Banni Mata[1]
- Durga Mata[1]
- Maha Kali[1]
- Maha Lakshmi[1]
- Maha sarswati[1]
- sokha baba[1]
- Shiv ji[1]
- Hanuman Ji[1]
- Batuk bhairav[1]
- Goraiya baba[1]
Bengal
[edit]In Bengal, the following deities are venerated as kuladevatas:
- Kali
- Durga
- Shiva
- Parvati
- Jagadhatri
- Narayana
- Krishna
- Lakshmi-Narayana
- Shitala
- Chandi
- Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
- Manasa
Sri Lanka
[edit]The following is a list of kuladevatas venerated in Sri Lanka:
- Nayinai Nagapoosani
- Nallur Murugan
- Keerimalai Naguleswaram Temple
- Thirukketheeswaram
- Thirukonamalai KonEesar Temple
External links
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k www.wisdomlib.org (2017-10-17). "Kuladevata, Kuladevatā, Kula-devata: 9 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
- ^ "Kuladeivam & Its Significance - The Verandah Club". theverandahclub.com. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
- ^ www.wisdomlib.org (2017-10-17). "Kuladevata, Kuladevatā, Kula-devata: 9 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
- ^ Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine; York, Michael (2012-08-21). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Routledge. p. 437. ISBN 978-1-135-18978-5.
- ^ www.wisdomlib.org (2017-10-17). "Kuladeva, Kula-deva: 7 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
- ^ Saravanan, V. Hari (2014). Gods, Heroes and their Story Tellers: Intangible cultural heritage of South India. Notion Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-93-84391-49-2.
- ^ "Shiva and Shaivism - Origin, Beliefs, Practices, History & mentions in Vedas". TemplePurohit - Your Spiritual Destination | Bhakti, Shraddha Aur Ashirwad. 2022-05-19. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ^ Kurien, Prema (2007-06-19). A Place at the Multicultural Table: The Development of an American Hinduism. Rutgers University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-8135-4161-7.
- ^ Lachaier, Pierre (1999-01-01). Firmes et entreprises en Inde: la firme lignagère dans ses réseaux (in French). KARTHALA Editions. p. 70. ISBN 978-2-86537-927-9.
- ^ Atmashraddhananda, Swami (2022-02-01). A Pilgrimage To Western Ghats Temples In Karnataka. Sri Ramakrishna Math. p. 15.
- ^ Ltd, Infokerala Communications Pvt (2017-09-01). Pilgrimage to Temple Heritage 2017. Info Kerala Communications Pvt Ltd. p. 197. ISBN 978-81-934567-0-5.
- ^ Singh, K. S. (1992). People of India: pt.1-3 Kerala. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1427. ISBN 978-81-85938-99-8.
- ^ a b Maxine Berntsen (1 January 1988). The Experience of Hinduism: Essays on Religion in Maharashtra. SUNY Press. pp. 174–175. ISBN 978-0-88706-662-7.
- ^ ul Hassan, S. S. (1920). The Castes and Tribes of HEH the Nizam's Dominions (Vol. 1). Asian educational services. pp. 49, 46, 88, 97, 109, 118, 183, 234, 280, 622, 616, 556, 595, 407, 304, 370, 338.
- ^ Parāñjape, Tārābāī (1985). Sīmā pradeśātīla bhāvagaṅgā (in Marathi). Marāṭhī Sāhitya Parishada, Āndhra Pradeśa.
- ^ Shirish Chindhade (1996). Five Indian English Poets: Nissim Ezekiel, A.K. Ramanujan, Arun Kolatkar, Dilip Chitre, R. Parthasarathy. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 107. ISBN 978-81-7156-585-6.
- ^ Glushkova, I., 2006. Moving God (s) ward, calculating money: Wonders and wealth as essentials of a tīrtha-yātrā. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 29(2), pp.215-234.
- ^ Gupta, R.R., 2007. Wada of Maharashta, an Indian courtyard house form. Cardiff University (United Kingdom).
- ^ Mallikarjuna Temple, Goa
- ^ "Kuldevi List & Gotra List of Oswal Samaj - Agam Nigam - A Jain Hub". 2017-03-14. Retrieved 2018-06-25.
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