List of karst springs

This is a list of karst springs. There are different types of karst springs, including inversacs (or estavelles), Vauclusian springs, vruljas, and others. All of them form in limestone settings.^[1]

Name	Average discharge	Place	State (Province)	River system	Basin (km²)	Location
Kladuk^[2]	150,000-180,000 L/s	Sayosa Distrik Kampong Saluk	Indonesia (West Papua)	Aouk-Kladuk-Kabra^[3]	ca. 2800	1°06′08″S 131°47′22″E / 1.102088°S 131.789529°E / -1.102088; 131.789529 (Kladuk)
Aachtopf	8,590 L/s 303 cu ft/s	Aach	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Rhine	240	47°50′48″N 8°51′28″E / 47.846708°N 8.857863°E / 47.846708; 8.857863 (Aachtopf)
Ain ez Zarqa	13,000 L/s 460 cu ft/s^[4]	Hermel	Lebanon (Beqaa Governorate)	Orentes		34°21′08″N 36°22′23″E / 34.352222°N 36.373056°E / 34.352222; 36.373056 (Ain ez Zarqa)
Big Spring	286 million US gal/d 12,500 L/s^[5]	Ozarks, Missouri	US (Missouri)	Mississippi
Vrelo Trebišnjice	125 m³/s 4,400 cu ft/s to 220 m³/s 7,800 cu ft/s	Bileća	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Trebišnjica-Neretva		42°51′52″N 18°25′17″E / 42.8644525°N 18.4212613°E / 42.8644525; 18.4212613 (Trebišnjica wellsprings group)
Vrelo Bune	43,000 L/s 1,500 cu ft/s	Mostar	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Neretva		43°15′25″N 17°54′12″E / 43.256901°N 17.903445°E / 43.256901; 17.903445 (Vrelo Bune)
Bunica wellsprings	0 L/s 0 cu ft/s	Mostar	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Neretva		43°13′17″N 17°53′24″E / 43.2213617°N 17.8901196°E / 43.2213617; 17.8901196 (Bunica)
Sana wellsprings group	0 L/s 0 cu ft/s	Ribnik	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Danube		44°19′03″N 16°50′12″E / 44.3173773°N 16.8365586°E / 44.3173773; 16.8365586 (Sana wellsprings group)
Ribnik wellsprings group	0 L/s 0 cu ft/s	Ribnik	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Danube		44°24′12″N 16°47′59″E / 44.4032695°N 16.7998445°E / 44.4032695; 16.7998445 (Ribnik wellsprings group)
Sanica wellsprings	0 L/s 0 cu ft/s	Sanica	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Danube		44°36′23″N 16°37′07″E / 44.606495°N 16.618516°E / 44.606495; 16.618516 (Sanica_(river))
Dabar wellsprings	0 L/s 0 cu ft/s	Sanski Most	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Danube		44°42′34″N 16°38′22″E / 44.7093608°N 16.6394055°E / 44.7093608; 16.6394055 (Dabar_(river))
Krušnica wellsprings	0 L/s 0 cu ft/s	Bosanska Krupa	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Danube		44°50′41″N 16°10′06″E / 44.84472°N 16.1682996°E / 44.84472; 16.1682996 (Krušnica_(Una))
Bastašica wellsprings	0 L/s 0 cu ft/s	Drvar	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Danube		44°23′31″N 16°19′37″E / 44.3919433°N 16.3268101°E / 44.3919433; 16.3268101 (Bastašica wellsprings)
Bioštica wellsprings	0 L/s 0 cu ft/s	Sokolac	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Danube		43°59′27″N 18°46′47″E / 43.990715°N 18.7796205°E / 43.990715; 18.7796205 (Bioštica)
Mokranjska Miljacka wellsprings	0 L/s 0 cu ft/s	Pale	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Danube		43°59′27″N 18°46′47″E / 43.990715°N 18.7796205°E / 43.990715; 18.7796205
Krupa wellsprings	0 L/s 0 cu ft/s	Krupa na Vrbasu	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Danube		44°37′07″N 17°06′21″E / 44.6185773°N 17.1058846°E / 44.6185773; 17.1058846 (Krupa (Vrbas))
Bistrica wellsprings	0 L/s 0 cu ft/s	Livno	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Cetina		43°49′57″N 17°00′32″E / 43.8326132°N 17.0087698°E / 43.8326132; 17.0087698 (Bistrica (Livanjsko Polje))
Trebižat wellsprings	0 L/s 0 cu ft/s	Grude	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Neretva		43°20′12″N 17°19′24″E / 43.336715°N 17.323457°E / 43.336715; 17.323457 (Trebižat_(river))
Blautopf	2,300 L/s 81 cu ft/s	Blaubeuren	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Danube	ca. 150	48°24′58″N 9°47′04″E / 48.416228°N 9.78433°E / 48.416228; 9.78433 (Blautopf)
Brenztopf	1,270 L/s 45 cu ft/s	Königsbronn	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Danube		48°44′15″N 10°06′47″E / 48.73747°N 10.112979°E / 48.73747; 10.112979 (Brenztopf)
Brunnenmühlenquelle	1,500 L/s 53 cu ft/s	Heidenheim	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Danube	> 100	48°39′55″N 10°09′00″E / 48.665178°N 10.149972°E / 48.665178; 10.149972 (Brunnenmühlenquelle)
Buchbrunnenquelle	927 L/s 32.7 cu ft/s	Dischingen	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Danube		48°40′49″N 10°21′51″E / 48.680375°N 10.364088°E / 48.680375; 10.364088 (Buchbrunnenquelle)
Creux-Genat		Courtedoux	Switzerland (Kanton Jura)	Rhone		47°23′47″N 7°01′38″E / 47.396372°N 7.0273°E / 47.396372; 7.0273 (Creux-Genat)
Dan-Quelle	6,000 L/s 210 cu ft/s	Dan	Israel (Galiläa)	Jordan		33°14′55″N 35°39′09″E / 33.248639°N 35.652472°E / 33.248639; 35.652472 (Dan-Quelle)
Foce del Timavo		San Giovanni al Timavo	Italy (Gorizia)	Timavo		45°47′12″N 13°35′30″E / 45.786694°N 13.591557°E / 45.786694; 13.591557 (Foce del Timavo)
Fosse Dionne	311 L/s 11.0 cu ft/s	Tonnerre	France (Yonne)	Armançon/Yonne/Seine		47°51′24″N 3°58′14″E / 47.85667°N 3.97056°E / 47.85667; 3.97056 (Fosse Dionne)
Gailachquelle	650 L/s 23 cu ft/s	Mühlheim	Germany (Bayern)	Danube		48°51′37″N 10°59′20″E / 48.860278°N 10.988889°E / 48.860278; 10.988889 (Gailachquelle)
Gleßbrunnen	700 L/s 25 cu ft/s	Wolkertshofen	Germany (Bayern)	Danube		48°47′38″N 11°15′17″E / 48.793903°N 11.254742°E / 48.793903; 11.254742 (Gleßbrunnen)
Hederquellen	1,900 L/s 67 cu ft/s	Upsprunge	Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen)	Rhine		51°39′13″N 8°36′03″E / 51.653731°N 8.600808°E / 51.653731; 8.600808 (Hederquellen)
Izvor Omble	24,000 L/s 850 cu ft/s	Dubrovnik	Croatia (Dubrovnik-Neretva)	Ombla		42°40′33″N 18°08′10″E / 42.67575°N 18.136083°E / 42.67575; 18.136083 (Izvor Omble)
Kesselquelle	700 L/s 25 cu ft/s	Zwiefalten	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Danube		48°13′47″N 9°27′09″E / 48.229677°N 9.4526°E / 48.229677; 9.4526 (Kesselquelle)
Kocherursprung	680 L/s 24 cu ft/s	Oberkochen	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Rhine		48°46′20″N 10°05′43″E / 48.772097°N 10.095367°E / 48.772097; 10.095367 (Kocherursprung)
Krasny Klyuch (ru)	14,880 L/s 525 cu ft/s	Krasny Klyuch	Russia (Bashkortostan)	Volga		55°22′36″N 56°40′47″E / 55.37666°N 56.679615°E / 55.37666; 56.679615 (Krasny Klyuch)
Lippequelle	740 L/s 26 cu ft/s	Bad Lippspringe	Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen)	Rhine		51°46′53″N 8°49′20″E / 51.781489°N 8.822225°E / 51.781489; 8.822225 (Lippequelle)
Le Bouillon		Orléans	France (Département Loiret)	Loire		47°51′01″N 1°56′15″E / 47.850278°N 1.9375°E / 47.850278; 1.9375 (Le Bouillon)
Louequelle	6,890 L/s 243 cu ft/s	Ouhans	France (Département Doubs)	Rhone	1760	47°00′41″N 6°17′55″E / 47.011389°N 6.298611°E / 47.011389; 6.298611 (Louequelle)
Paderquellen	5,000 L/s 180 cu ft/s	Paderborn	Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen)	Rhine		51°43′09″N 8°45′00″E / 51.719064°N 8.750128°E / 51.719064; 8.750128 (Paderquellen)
Palfauer Wasserloch	2,000 L/s 71 cu ft/s	Palfau	Austria (Steiermark)	Danube		47°42′51″N 14°51′25″E / 47.714093°N 14.856992°E / 47.714093; 14.856992 (Palfauer Wasserloch)
Pießling-Ursprung	2,000 L/s 71 cu ft/s	Roßleithen	Austria (Oberösterreich)	Danube	ca. 95	47°41′34″N 14°16′34″E / 47.692722°N 14.276028°E / 47.692722; 14.276028 (Pießling-Ursprung)
Résurgence de la Vis	5,260 L/s 186 cu ft/s	Vissec	France (Département Gard)	Hérault		44°01′08″N 3°28′29″E / 44.018889°N 3.474722°E / 44.018889; 3.474722 (Résurgence de la Vis)
Rhumequelle	2,000 L/s 71 cu ft/s	Rhumspringe	Germany (Niedersachsen)	Weser		51°35′23″N 10°18′37″E / 51.589656°N 10.310175°E / 51.589656; 10.310175 (Rhumequelle)
Rinquelle		Amden	Switzerland (Kanton St. Gallen)	Rhine	ca. 50	47°08′17″N 9°09′54″E / 47.138099°N 9.165092°E / 47.138099; 9.165092 (Rinquelle)
Salzaspring	704 L/s 24.9 cu ft/s	Nordhausen	Germany (Thüringen)	Elbe		51°31′49″N 10°45′43″E / 51.530192°N 10.761945°E / 51.530192; 10.761945 (Salzaspring)
Siebenbrünnen		Lenk	Switzerland (Kanton Bern)	Rhine		46°24′45″N 7°28′47″E / 46.412375°N 7.479786°E / 46.412375; 7.479786 (Siebenbrünnen)
Sorgue-Quelle	21,000 L/s 740 cu ft/s	Fontaine-de-Vaucluse	France (Département Vaucluse)	Rhone	ca. 11000	43°55′10″N 5°07′53″E / 43.919564°N 5.131465°E / 43.919564; 5.131465 (Sorgue-Quelle)
Source de l'Orbe		Vallorbe	Switzerland (Vaud)	Rhine		46°41′53″N 6°20′43″E / 46.697993°N 6.34537°E / 46.697993; 6.34537 (Source de l'Orbe)
Source du Lison		Nans-sous-Sainte-Anne	France (Département Doubs)	Rhone		46°57′56″N 6°00′41″E / 46.965556°N 6.011389°E / 46.965556; 6.011389 (Source du Lison)
Syri i Kaltër	6,000 L/s 210 cu ft/s	Saranda	Albania (Vlora)	Bistrica		39°55′25″N 20°11′34″E / 39.923611°N 20.192778°E / 39.923611; 20.192778 (Syri i Kaltër)
Te Waikoropupū Springs	14,000 L/s 490 cu ft/s^[6]	Tākaka	New Zealand (Tasman District)	Tākaka		40°50′52″S 172°46′10″E / 40.84778°S 172.76944°E / -40.84778; 172.76944 (Te Waikoropupū Springs)
Wakulla Springs	260 million US gal/d 11,000 L/s^[7]	Wakulla County, Florida	US (Florida)	Wakulla/St. Marks
Divje jezero		Idrija	Slovenia (Goriška)	Jezernica		45°58′56″N 14°01′41″E / 45.98229°N 14.02812°E / 45.98229; 14.02812 (Divje jezero)
Wimsener Höhle	590 L/s 21 cu ft/s	Zwiefalten	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Danube		48°15′24″N 9°26′54″E / 48.256777°N 9.448242°E / 48.256777; 9.448242 (Wimsener Höhle)
Jacob's Well		Wimberly	USA (Texas)	Guadalupe River		30°02′04″N 98°07′34″W / 30.03437°N 98.126016°W / 30.03437; -98.126016
Lathkill Head Cave		Peak District	England (Derbyshire)	Trent		SK170658

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References

^ Elmer LaMoreaux, Philip (2001). "Geologic/Hydrogeologic Setting and Classification of Springs". Springs and Bottled Waters of the World: Ancient History, Source, Occurrence, Quality and Use. Springer. p. 57. ISBN 9783540618416.
^ "Aouk Underground River". Issuu. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
^ Below, Darkness. "West Papua – Darkness Below". darknessbelow.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
^ Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). Natural Wonders of the World. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 34. ISBN 0-89577-087-3.
^ "Big Spring".
^ "Te Waikoropupū Springs".
^ "Edward Ball Wakulla Springs State Park".

[LaMoreaux2001-1] Elmer LaMoreaux, Philip (2001). "Geologic/Hydrogeologic Setting and Classification of Springs". Springs and Bottled Waters of the World: Ancient History, Source, Occurrence, Quality and Use. Springer. p. 57. ISBN 9783540618416.

[2] "Aouk Underground River". Issuu. Retrieved 2018-02-20.

[3] Below, Darkness. "West Papua – Darkness Below". darknessbelow.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-02-20.

[readersnatural-4] Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). Natural Wonders of the World. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 34. ISBN 0-89577-087-3.

[5] "Big Spring".

[6] "Te Waikoropupū Springs".

[7] "Edward Ball Wakulla Springs State Park".

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References

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