The Lomonosov Gold Medal (Russian: Большая золотая медаль имени М. В. ЛомоносоваBol'shaya zolotaya medal' imeni M. V. Lomonosova), named after Russian scientist and polymathMikhail Lomonosov, is awarded each year since 1959 for outstanding achievements in the natural sciences and the humanities by the USSR Academy of Sciences and later the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). Since 1967, two medals have been awarded annually: one to a Russian and one to a foreign scientist. It is the academy's highest accolade.
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga (member of the Japanese academy of Sciences, president of the Scientific Council of Japan): for substantial scientific contributions to the development of physics.
Hideki Yukawa (member of the Japanese academy of Sciences, director of the Institute of Basic Research at the University of Kyoto): for outstanding merits in the development of theoretical physics.
Hannes Alfvén (professor, member of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden): for outstanding achievements in physics of plasma and astrophysics.
Max Steenbeck (full member of the Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic): for outstanding achievements in the physics of plasma and applied physics.
Semyon Isaakovich Volfkovich: for outstanding achievements in chemistry and the technology of phosphorus and the development of scientific foundations of chemicalization of agriculture in the USSR.
Herman Klare (full member of the Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic): for outstanding achievements in the chemistry and technology of man-made fibers.
Pavle Savić (full member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia): for outstanding achievements in chemistry and physics.
Boris Sergeyevich Sokolov: for outstanding achievements in the studies of the early biosphere of the Earth, the discovery of the ancient Wend geological system and classical works in fossil corals.
Frank Press (professor, United States): for outstanding achievements in the physics of solid Earth.
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: for an outstanding contribution into the development of Russian literature, Russian language and Russian history.
Yosikazu Nakamura (professor, Japan): for an outstanding contribution to the study of Slavistics and the popularization of Russian literature and culture in Japan.
Gury Ivanovich Marchuk: for his outstanding contribution to the creation of new models and methods of solving problems of nuclear-reactor physics, atmosphere and ocean physics.
Edward N. Lorenz (professor, United States): for major achievements in developing the theory of general circulation of the atmosphere and the theory of chaotic attractors of dissipative systems.[2]
Hélène Carrère d’Encausse (professor, France): for outstanding achievements in research of political and social processes in soviet and postsoviet periods of Russia.
Richard Warren Arnold (professor, United States): for his outstanding contribution to the development of theoretical and applied soil science and modeling the behavior of soils in different landscapes of the world.
Anatoly Derevyanko: for his outstanding contribution to the development of a new fundamental scientific concept formation of modern human physical type and its culture.
Svante Pääbo (professor, Sweden): for outstanding achievements in the field of archeology and paleogenetics.[3]
Leonid Veniaminovich Keldysh: for outstanding contributions to the physics of tunnel phenomena, including the tunnel effects in semiconductors.
Paul Corkum (professor, Canada): for outstanding contribution in ultrafast physics, including attosecond range, and interferometry processes of electron wave functions in atoms and molecules with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.
Dmitrii Knorre: for his outstanding contribution in the field of nucleic acid chemistry, affinity modification of biopolymers, becoming the most important areas of pharmacology - therapeutic nucleic acids and the development of gene therapy techniques.
Sidney Altman (Canada and United States): for his outstanding contribution in the field of biochemistry of nucleic acids, the discovery of the catalytic activity of the nucleic acids and the creation of new biologically active substances.
Yuri Tsolakovich Oganesyan: for fundamental research in the field of interaction of complex nuclei and experimental confirmation of the hypothesis of the existence of "stability islands" of superheavy elements.
Björn Jonson (professor, Sweden): for work of a fundamental nature, which are of fundamental importance for the study of the nuclear structure and nuclear stability of exotic lightest nuclei at the boundaries of nucleon stability.
Joseph Isaevich Gitelzon: for the justification and development of the ecological direction of biophysics, which has achieved a number of outstanding fundamental and practical results, in particular in marine and laboratory studies of bioluminescence.
Martin Chalfie (professor, United States): for developing new methods for bioluminescent analysis using GFP luminescent protein.
Georgy Sergeyevich Golitsyn: for outstanding contribution to the study of the physics of the earth's atmosphere and planets and the development of the theory of climate and its changes.
Paul Jozef Crutzen (professor, Netherlands): for outstanding contribution to chemistry atmosphere and assessment of the role of biogeochemical cycles in the climate formation.
Sergey Petrovich Novikov: for a leading role in the revival of modern topology in our country, solving fundamental problems of topology, the theory of nonlinear waves, quantum mechanics and field theory.
John Willard Milnor (professor, United States): for the discovery of non-standard smooth structures on multidimensional spheres, solving fundamental problems of topology and the theory of dynamical systems.
Georgy Pavlovich Georgiev: for classical works on the study of the structure and expression of the genome of higher eukaryotes.
Richard John Roberts (professor, Great Britain): for his great contribution to the study of pro- and eukaryotic genomes, RNA splicing, gene identification restriction enzymes and methylases.[4]
