Timeline of Bucharest
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bucharest, Romania.
Before the 17th century
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- 1459 – Bucharest chartered by Drăculeşti Vlad III, Prince of Wallachia.[1]
- 1559 – Old Court Church built by Mircea Ciobanul
- 1587 – Mărcuța Church built.
- 1589 – Lipscani (street) completed.[2]
- 1595 – Burned by the Turks.[2]
17th century
[edit]- 1633 – Bucharest Bărăția (church) built.
- 1658 – Metropolitan Church consecrated.[2]
- 1667 – Slobozia Church built.
- 1688 – Romanian-language Bucharest Bible published.
- 1692 – Podul Mogoșoaiei paved with wood.
- 1694 – Princely Academy of Bucharest founded.
- 1698 – Constantin Brâncoveanu, Prince of Wallachia changed the capital from Târgoviște to Bucharest.[2]
18th century
[edit]- 1702 – Mogoşoaia Palace built near city.
- 1715 – Antim Monastery built.
- 1722 – Kretzulescu Church built.
- 1724 – Stavropoleos Church built.[3]
- 1739 – Gabroveni Inn built.
- 1757 – Lutheran church established.[4]
- 1769 – City taken by Russians.[5]
- 1789 – City taken by Austrians.[5]
- 1793 – Plague & Earthquiake.[2]
19th century
[edit]- 1808 – Manuc's Inn built.
- 1812 – 28 May: City hosts signing of the Treaty of Bucharest (1812).[6][7]
- 1813 – Plague.[2]
- 1821 – Greek uprising.[4]
- 1828 – City taken by Russians who handed it to the prince of Walachia in 1829.[4]
- 1847
- Great Fire of Bucharest.[4][2]
- Cișmigiu Gardens inaugurated.[2]
- 1848
- 1852
- Grand Theatre inaugurated.[8]
- Casa Capșa confectionery in business.
- 1853
- 1856 – Austrian occupation ends.[5]
- 1857 – Street lighting installed.[9]
- 1858 – Bellu cemetery in use.
- 1861 – City becomes capital of Romania.[10][2]
- 1862 – Orphanage founded.[4]
- 1863 – Music and Drama Conservatory established.
- 1864
- University of Bucharest,[11][2] Bucharest National University of Arts, School of Bridges and Roads, Mines and Architecture,[12] and National Museum of Antiquities[13] founded.
- Barbu Vlădoianu becomes mayor.
- 1865 – Flooding of Bucharest
- 1866
- Romanian Academy founded.
Bucharest in 1868, by Amedeo Preziosi - Alexandru Ioan Cuza, first ruler of the Romanian Principalities, driven from his throne by an insurrection in Bucharest.[2]
- Romanian Academy founded.
- 1867
- Templul Coral (synagogue) built.[14]
- Population: 141,754.[4]
- 1871 – Societatea Română de Tramvaiuri (tram society) established.
- 1872 – Gara Târgoviștei (railway station) built.
- 1880 – Bukarester Tagblatt German-language newspaper begins publication.[15]
- 1881 – City becomes capital of Kingdom of Romania
- 1883
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bucharest established.
- Saint Joseph Cathedral completed.
- Orient Express (Paris-Bucharest) begins operating.[1]
- 1884 – Doamna Balasa church built.[3]
- 1886
- Romanian Philharmonic Society founded.
- Capșa Hotel in business.
- City hosts signing of the Treaty of Bucharest (1886).
- 1888
- Romanian Athenaeum built.
- Pache Protopopescu becomes mayor.[16]
- Piața Rosetti laid out.
- 1890 – League for the Cultural Unity of All Romanians founded.
- 1891 – Bucharest Botanical Garden opens.
- 1894
- Electric tram begins operating.
- Central School for Girls built.[17]
- 1895 – Central University Library of Bucharest established.[18]
- 1900
20th century
[edit]- 1906 – Bucharest Jubilee Exhibition held.[17]
- 1909
- Bucharest Russian Church built.
- Saint Basil the Great Cathedral opened.
- 1912 – Military Circle built.[1]
- 1913 – City hosts signing of the Treaty of Bucharest (1913).
- 1914 – Anglican Church (Bucharest) built.
- 1916
- 6 December: German occupation of city begins.[10][19]
- August: City hosts signing of the Treaty of Bucharest (1916).
- 1918
- German occupation of city ends.[10]
- May: City hosts signing of the Treaty of Bucharest (1918).
- December: Typographers' strike is violently suppressed
- 1925 – Dramă şi Comedie (theatre troupe) active.
- 1929 – Dem I. Dobrescu becomes mayor.
- 1930 – Italian Church built.
- 1931 – Scînteia newspaper begins publication.
- 1933
- 1936
- Herăstrău Park opens.
- Arcul de Triumf erected on Kiseleff Road.
- Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum in Bucharest established.
- 1937
- 1938 – Cașin Church built.
- 1940
- Political unrest.[10]
- Germans in power.[13]
- November: 1940 Vrancea earthquake.[21]
- 1941 – January: Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom.
- 1944
- Bombing of Bucharest in World War II begins.
- 31 August: City occupied by Russian forces.[10]
- Geography Institute founded.[22]
- 1945 – Bombing of Bucharest in World War II ends.
- 1946 – Textile school founded.[13]
- 1947 – City becomes capital of the newly formed Romanian People's Republic.
- 1948
- Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties headquarters relocated to Bucharest from Belgrade, Yugoslavia.[13]
- City streets renamed.[23]
- FC Dinamo București founded.
- Population: 886,110; metro 1,041,807.[13]
- 1952 – Băneasa Airport terminal opens.
- 1953
- August: City hosts 4th World Festival of Youth and Students.
- National Stadium opens.
- 1956
- 1958
- World Festival of Puppet Theatres held.[24]
- George Enescu Festival of music begins.[25]
- 1959
- Basarab railway station built.
- 500th anniversary of city founding.[26]
- 1964 – Population: 1,239,458 city; 1,372,130 urban agglomeration.[27]
- 1970 – Otopeni Airport terminal built.
- 1971 – New St. Eleftherios Church consecrated.
- 1976
- Unirea Shopping Center opens.
- Ion Dincă becomes mayor.
- 1977
- March: 1977 Vrancea earthquake.[28]
- Population: 1,807,044 city; 1,934,025 urban agglomeration.[29]
- 1979
- Bucharest Metro begins operating.
- Piața Unirii metro station opens.
- 1981 – Republica metro station opens.
- 1985
- Victory of Socialism Boulevard laid out.[30]
- Palace of the People construction begins.[30]
- 1989
- December: Romanian Revolution.
- 21 December: Ceaușescu's final speech takes place at Palace Square.
- 22 December: Ceaușescu flees city.[31]
- Adevărul newspaper in publication.[15]
- 1990
- April: Golaniad protest begins.
- June 1990 Mineriad protest.[32]
- 1993 – Basarab metro station opens.
- 1994 – Coat of arms of Bucharest re-adopted.
- 1996 – Victor Ciorbea becomes mayor.
- 1997 – Palace of the Parliament built.
- 2000
- Pavilion Unicredit (art centre) established.[33]
- Traian Băsescu becomes mayor.
- Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies headquartered in city.[34]
21st century
[edit]- 2002
- Bamboo Club (nightclub) opens.
- Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania building constructed.
- 2005
- Bucharest Biennale begins.
- Adriean Videanu becomes mayor.
- 2007 – January: Romania becomes part of the European Union.
- 2008
- Sorin Oprescu becomes mayor.
- April: City hosts NATO summit.
- 1st Infantry Division (Romania) headquartered in Bucharest.
- 2009 – City Gate Towers built.
- 2010
- May: Economic protest.[28]
- Nusco Tower built.
- 2011
- Basarab Overpass opens.
- National Stadium rebuilt.
- Population: 1,883,425; metro 2,272,163.
- 2012
- 5 March: 2012 Bucharest hair salon shooting.
- 2012 Romanian protests.[35][36]
- National Library of Romania new building opens.
- 2013
- Dinamo Polyvalent Hall (arena) opens.
- Floreasca City Center built.
- 2015
- Colectiv nightclub fire kills at least 26 people; deadliest-ever nightclub fire in Romania and one of the deadliest incidents in the city and the country since the end of the anti-communist revolution in 1989.
- Bucharest Nine (B9) organization is established by the President of Romania Klaus Iohannis and the President of Poland Andrzej Duda on 4 November.[37]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Verona 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b Baedeker 1911.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ripley 1879.
- ^ a b c d e f Townsend 1867.
- ^ Haydn 1910.
- ^ Brill 1913.
- ^ Florin Muresanu and Monica Muresanu (2013). "Cannibal architecture hates BANANAs: post-Communist rebranding of historical sites". In Stephan Sonnenburg and Laura Baker (ed.). Branded Spaces: Experience Enactments and Entanglements. Springer. p. 229+. ISBN 978-3-658-01561-9.
- ^ Danta 1993.
- ^ a b c d e Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 166, OL 5812502M
- ^ Robert G. Carlton (1965). "Centenary of the University of Bucharest". Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress. 22 (3). USA: 265–269. JSTOR 29781178.
- ^ Machedon 1999.
- ^ a b c d e f Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 282, OL 6112221M
- ^ "Bucharest". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ a b "Global Resources Network". Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ Corneliu Diaconovich [in Romanian], ed. (1904). Enciclopedia Română [Romanian Encyclopedia] (in Romanian). Vol. 3. Sibiiu: W. Krafft.
- ^ a b Shona Kallestrup (2002). "Romanian 'National Style' and the 1906 Bucharest Jubilee Exhibition". Journal of Design History. 15 (3): 147–162. doi:10.1093/jdh/15.3.147. JSTOR 3527076.
- ^ "Romania". Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. Vol. 26. NY: Dekker. 1979. ISBN 978-0-8247-2026-1.
- ^ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
- ^ "Movie Theaters in Bucharest, Romania". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ New York Times, 11 November 1940
- ^ David Turnock (1994). "Geographical Research in Romania: The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Bucharest Geography Institute". GeoJournal. 34 (4): 514. doi:10.1007/BF00813148. JSTOR 41146344. S2CID 128259486.
- ^ Light 2002.
- ^ Don Rubin; et al., eds. (1994). World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-40289-0.
- ^ "European Festivals Association". Gent, Belgium. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ "Rumania Capital is 500 Years Old", New York Times, 5 June 1959
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
Bucuresti
- ^ a b "Romania Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 20 April 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Vachon 1993.
- ^ "Ceausescu flees a revolt in Rumania". New York Times. 23 December 1989.
- ^ "Romanian Miners Invade Bucharest". New York Times. 15 June 1990.
- ^ "Romania". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ "Think Tank Directory". Philadelphia, USA: Foreign Policy Research Institute. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ "Global Nonviolent Action Database". Pennsylvania, USA: Swarthmore College. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
- ^ "Bilateral visit of President of Romania, Mr. Klaus Iohannis, in the Republic of Poland and his participation in the High Level Meeting of the Bucharest Format (B9), on 7–8 June 2018". President of Romania. 5 June 2018.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Romanian Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]Published in 19th century
[edit]- David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Bucharest". Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- John Thomson (1845), "Bucharest", New Universal Gazetteer and Geographical Dictionary, London: H.G. Bohn
- "Bucharest", A Handbook for Travellers in Turkey (3rd ed.), London: J. Murray, 1854, OCLC 2145740
- "From Pera to Bucharest". Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. 81 (496). 1857. hdl:2027/njp.32101076890183.
- Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Buchorest". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064794.
- George Henry Townsend (1867), "Bucharest", Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
- Florence K. Berger (1877), "Bucharest", A Winter in the City of Pleasure, London: R. Bentley & Son, OCLC 4538535
- George Ripley; Charles A. Dana, eds. (1879). "Bucharest". American Cyclopedia (2nd ed.). New York: D. Appleton and Company.
- Archibald Wilberforce (1893). "Bucharest". Capitals of the Globe. NY: Peter Fenelon Collier. hdl:2027/mdp.39015061863513.
- I.S. Floru (1896). "Bucuresci". In Corneliu Diaconovich [in Romanian] (ed.). Enciclopedia Română [Romanian Encyclopedia] (in Romanian). Vol. 1. Sibiiu: W. Krafft. pp. 606–619.
Published in 20th century
[edit]- "Bucharest", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
- "Bukarest", Türkei, Rumänien, Serbien, Bulgarien [Turkey, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria], Meyers Reisebücher (in German) (6th ed.), Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut, 1902, hdl:2027/njp.32101064637836
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 717–718.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Bucharest", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- "Bucharest", Austria-Hungary, with Excursions to Cetinje, Belgrade, and Bucharest (11th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911
- "Bucharest". Encyclopaedia of Islam. E.J. Brill. 1913. ISBN 9004082654.
- Winifred Gordon (1918), "Latin Oasis", Roumania, London: John Lane
- Paul Morand (1935), Bucarest (in French), Paris: Plon, OCLC 3510578
- Darrick Danta (1993). "Ceausescu's Bucharest". Geographical Review. 83 (2): 170–182. doi:10.2307/215255. JSTOR 215255.
- Michael Vachon (1993). "Bucharest: The House of the People". World Policy Journal. 10 (4): 59–63. JSTOR 40209336.
- "Romania: Bucharest", Eastern and Central Europe (17th ed.), Fodor's, 1996, OL 7697674M
- Luminita Machedon; Ernie Scoffham (1999). Romanian Modernism: The Architecture of Bucharest 1920–1940. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-13348-7.
Published in 21st century
[edit]- Duncan Light; et al. (2002). "Toponymy and the Communist city: Street names in Bucharest, 1948-1965". GeoJournal. 56 (2): 135–144. doi:10.1023/A:1022469601470. JSTOR 41147676. S2CID 140915309.
- Roxana Verona (2007). "Bucharest at the Crossroads". PMLA. 122 (1): 275–280. doi:10.1632/pmla.2007.122.1.275. JSTOR 25501688. S2CID 161566696.
- Laurențiu Rădvan [in Romanian] (2010), "Towns in Wallachia: Bucharest", At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities, Translated by Valentin Cîrdei, Leiden: Brill, p. 255+, ISBN 9789004180109
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Bucharest.
- Map of Bucharest, 1980
- Europeana. Items related to Bucharest, various dates.
44°25′57″N 26°06′14″E / 44.4325°N 26.103889°E
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| United Principalities | |||||
| Kingdom of Romania | Years of the Kingdom of Romania and the short-lived National Legionary State (1940–1941).
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| Socialist Romania | Years between the abdication of King Michael of Romania and the December 1989 Romanian Revolution.
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| Romania | Years since the December 1989 Romanian Revolution.
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