Tractor, timber and agricultural machinery in the Soviet Union

Agricultural engineering in the Soviet Union - Soviet machine building industry.

History

tractor "Universal" (1934-1940, 1944-1955

Logging with Belarus MTZ-82-L in Estonia (November 2021)

1855 - Andrei Terentyev artisans and Moses Creek created the first Russian threshing machine.
1888 - Fyodor Blinov mechanic built the world's first model of crawler tractor.
1893 - Yakov Mamin invented the plow with two plowshares
1910 - Yakov Mamin created tractor "Dwarf", later known as the "Russian tractor" . However, mass production of tractors in Russia was launched only in the Soviet Union in the 20-30s.

In 1917 the whole of Russia was 165 tractors

1918 - at Petrograd factory "Bolshevik" was organized small-scale production of crawler tractors.
1921 - SNK (Soviet government) decree "On agricultural engineering".

At this time, the release of tractors engaged in Kolomna and Kharkiv Locomotive Factory, Obukhov plant. Most mass production of tractors was organized at the "Red Putilovets" (tractor "Fordson Putilovets").

1926 - started producing tractor cultivators for continuous tillage .
1928 - started production of tractor plows.

In 1928, the country produced 1,300 tractors

1930 - commissioned in 1930 Stalingrad Tractor Factory design capacity of 144 tractors a day. Since that time, the Soviet Union began the mass production of tractors.

At "Communard" started production of the first Soviet harvesters.

1931 - was built Kharkiv Tractor Plant.
1932 - started production of tractor potato harvesters.
1933 - was built Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant.
1937 - USSR on the annual production of combine harvesters went to 1st place in the world - 44 thousand units. against 29 thousand in the U.S.

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet Union occupied the first place in the world for the production of crawler tractors .

During the war, many tractor factories were destroyed, some of them have relocated to the east of the country and produced for the front .
1944 - resumed production of tractors.

After the war, the construction of new enterprises was continued.

1946 - started production of the first tractor with a closed cabin S-80
1947 - started production of the first self-propelled combine harvester S-4.
1948 - Minsk Tractor Works started production of the first Soviet skidder KT-12.
1956 - started production of the first industrial tractor S-100
1957 - started production of the first Soviet high-power industrial tractor diesel-electric drive DET-250 .
1960 - Soviet Union won first place in the world to produce tractors .
1975 - came the first Soviet tractor with front cabin-industrial tractor-bulldozer T-330.

Stalinets S-65 (1937-1941)
DT-54 (1949-1979)
DT-75
DET-250

Tractor Plants in 1980

Name	Location	Year of foundation	Types of tractors	Models of tractors	Now
Altay Tractor plant (ATZ)	Rubtsovsk, Russian SFSR	1942	Agricultural and industrial crawler tractors, crawler skidders	T-4A, TT-4	Went bankrupt in 2011
Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (ChTZ)	Chelyabinsk, Russian SFSR	1933	Agricultural and industrial crawler tractors	T-130, DET-250	Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant in the corporation Uralvagonzavod
Cheboksary Industrial Tractor Plant (ChZPT)	Cheboksary, Russian SFSR	1975	heavy industrial crawler tractor to work as bulldozers	T-330	"Promtractor" plant within the group "Tractor plants"
Vladimir Tractor plant (VTZ)	Vladimir, Russian SFSR	1945	Agricultural wheeled tractors	T-25	Vladimir Motor-Tractor Plant (VMTZ) within the group "Tractor plants"
Lipetsk Tractor plant (LTZ)	Lipetsk, Russian SFSR	1944	Agri-transport tired tractors	T-40	"Lipetsk tractor" plant within the group "Tractor plants", closed since 2009
Kirov Plant	Leningrad, Russian SFSR	1801	Heavy wheeled tractor general purpose terrain	Kirovets K-700	Kirov Plant Company
Volgograd tractor factory (VTZ)	Volgograd, Russian SFSR	1930	Track general purpose agricultural tractors	DT-75	"Tractor Company "VgTZ" within the group "Tractor plants"
Onega Tractor Plant (OTZ)	Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russian SFSR	1703	tracked skidders	TDT-55	Onega Tractor Plant within the group "Tractor plants"
Minsk Tractor Works (MTZ)	Minsk, Byelorussia	1946	general purpose wheel tractors	MTZ-082 Belarus, MTZ-50 Belarus, MTZ-52 Belarus, MTZ-80 Belarus, MTZ-82 Belarus	Minsk Tractor Works
Kharkiv Tractor Plant (KhTZ)	Kharkiv, Ukraine	1931	tracked and wheeled tractors high-speed all-terrain multi-purpose	T-150, T-74	Kharkiv Tractor Plant
Pivdenmash	Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine	1944	Agricultural wheeled universally-tilled and transport tractors	YuMZ-6	Pivdenmash, currently does not produce tractors
Chisinau Tractor Plant	Kishinev, Moldavia	1961	beet, viticultural, horticultural crawler tractor with a narrow track	T-54, T-70	ceased production
Kharkiv Tractor propelled chassis	Kharkiv, Ukraine	1949	wheeled tractor self-propelled chassis for mounting bodies and special equipment	T-16	Plant self-propelled chassis
Pavlodar Tractor plant	Pavlodar, Kazakhstan	1966	Track general purpose agricultural tractors	DT-75	Went bankrupt in 1998
Tashkent Tractor Plant (TTZ)	Tashkent, Uzbekistan	1942	wheeled cotton tractors (including tricycles)	T-28Kh2, T-28Kh4, MTZ-50Kh	Tashkent Tractor Plant

Factories for the production of combines in 1980

Name	Location	Year of foundation	Types of harvesters	Models of harvesters	Now
Rostselmash	Rostov-on-Don	1929	combine harvesters	SK-5 Niva	Company "Rostselmash"
Krasnoyarsk Combine Plant	Krasnoyarsk, Russian SFSR	1942	combine harvesters	SKD-5 "Sibiryak"	joined the group "Tractor Plants", was closed in 2013
Taganrog Combine Plant	Taganrog, Russian SFSR	1915	Rice-harvesters on crawlers, combine harvesters wheeled	SKGD-6 "Kolos", SK-6II "Kolos"	at its base in 1997 was founded Taganrog Automobile Plant (TagAZ), the production combines discontinued in 2002
Ryazselmash	Ryazan, Russian SFSR	1905	semi-mounted potato harvesters for building with tractors	KKU-2A "Druzhba"	Ryazan Combine Plant, the production is not engaged, the building leased
GOMSELMASH	Gomel, Byelorussia	1930	foragers, trailed forage harvesters	KSK-100, KS-2,6	GOMSELMASH
Dalselmash	Birobidzhan, Russian SFSR	1938	forage harvesters crawler	KSG-3,2	The plant went bankrupt in 2002
Yaroslavl Motor Plant (YaMZ)	Yaroslavl, Russian SFSR	1916	foragers	YaSK-170	Yaroslavl Motor Plant composed of GAZ Group
Ternopil Combine Plant	Ternopil, Ukraine		beet harvesters	KS-6	Ternopol Combine Plant
Kherson Combine Plant	Kherson, Ukraine	1887	self-propelled harvesters corn, trailed harvesters corn	KSKU-6 "Khersonetz-200", KOP-1,4 "Khersonetz-7"	Scientific-Production Enterprise "Kherson Machine-Building Plant"
Bezhetskselmash	Bezhetsk, Russian SFSR	1943	flax pullers	LK-4	Bezhetskselmash
Plodselhozmash	Kishinev, Moldavia		harvesters cabbage, tomatoes, grapes, fruits and berries	UKM-2, SKT-2A, SVK-3M, MPyA-1A	Agromasina

1983 - launched Europe's largest tractor, designed to work as a crawler dozer, T-800 full weight of 106 tons (without blade length - 7945 mm, with blade -12 400 mm, width without blade -4185 mm, Width -6000 mm blade height -4775 mm.).
1991 - disintegration of the USSR, was part of factories abroad.
2001 - state-owned company established Rosagroleasing for the program of state support for agricultural producers and support leasing program.
2003 - was founded Concern Tractor plants, uniting the main Russian producers of tractors.

Manufacturers of tractors in Russia

As part of Concern "Tractor plants"

Name	Location	Year of foundation	Types of tractors	Models of tractors
Promtractor	Cheboksary	1975	bulldozers, tractors pipelay	Chetra T11, Chetra T15, Chetra T20, Chetra T25, Chetra TG122, Chetra TG222, Chetra TG302, Chetra TG503, Chetra TG511
Onega Tractor Plant	Petrozavodsk	1703	crawler tractor skidding choker, forest fire crawler tractors, mowers, tracked timber trucks, tractor - wood shredders - shrubs and brushcutter equipment	Onezhets-310, Onezhets-320, Onezhets-330, Onezhets-335 and other
Krasnoyarsk plant Timber Engineering (KrasLesmash )	Krasnoyarsk	1916	crawler tractor skidding choker, felling and skidding machines, chokerless machine manipulator type, loaders, track and wheelbase, forwarders	Chetra KS-146, LZ-235, LP-18K, LT-187, TT-4M-23K, LT-188
Volgograd tractor factory	Volgograd	1930	crawler tractor general purpose	Agromash-90TG
Vladimir Motor-Tractor Plant (VMTZ)	Vladimir	1945	universal wheeled tractors, self-propelled tractor chassis, forest fire tractor	Agromash-30TK, Agromash-50TK, Agromash-60TK, Agromash-85TK, Agromash-30SCh, Agromash-50SCh, Agromash-60TK 211V MPU

Firefighting vehicle Onegec 310

Other manufacturers of tractors

Name	Location	Year of foundation	Parent company	Types of tractors	Models of tractors
Peterburg Tractor Plant	Saint Petersburg	1801	Kirov Plant company	heavy agricultural tractors, wheel dozers, wheel loaders, industrial tractors	Kirovets K-744, Kirovets K-9000, Kirovets K-702, Kirovets K-703
Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant	Chelyabinsk	1933	Uralvagonzavod corporation	industrial tractors, bulldozers, tractor pipelaying, trenchers based crawler tractors	T10M, B10M, B11, B12, B14, DET-250M2, DET-320, DET-400, T-800, TR20.22.01, TR12.22.01
Alpha-Technic	Oryol	1990-s		wheeled tractor universal high-power tractors based on the Kharkiv Tractor Plant	OrTZ-150K
Agrotechmash	Saint Petersburg, Tambov (plant)	1997		wheeled tractors, wheeled bulldozers	Terrion ATM 3180M, Terrion ATM 4200, Terrion ATM 5280, Terrion ATM 7360
Cherepovets Casting-Mechanical Plant (ChLMZ)	Cherepovets	1950		wheeled tractors under license Minsk Tractor Works ; bulldozers, loaders based on tractors	Belarus 320Ch, Belarus 92P-Ch
Kama Tractor Plant (KamTZ)	Naberezhnye Chelny	2012	joint venture ETcorp (Russia, Moscow) and ARGO SpA (Italy)	Agricultural wheeled tractors	TTH-186, TTH-215, TTH-230
CNH-Kamaz Commerce	Naberezhnye Chelny	2010	joint venture CNH Industrial and Kamaz	wheel agricultural tractors	New Holland Agriculture
Zavod Specmashine "Baltietz"	Saint Petersburg	2003		heavy agricultural tractors, truck tractors, loaders and forklifts based tractors, wheel dozers, bulldozer-excavator road machines, snow machines, skidders, timber stackers	K-707T Baltietz, K-703 Baltietz, K-702M Baltietz

Kirovets K-744
Kirovets K9250
Road bulldozer Kirovets K-702 MV UDM 2
Terrion ATM 7360

Factories of foreign companies

Name of company	Location	Year of foundation	Types of tractors	Models of tractors
John Deere	Domodedovo	2010	wheels tractors
Claas	Krasnodar	2005	wheel tractors	Claas Axion 820/850/ 920/930/940/950, Claas Xerion 4000/ 4500/5000

Manufacturers combines in Russia

Name	Location	Year of foundation	Types of combines	Models of combines
Rostselmash	Rostov-on-Don	1929	grain and forage harvesters
Cherepovets Casting-Mechanical Plant	Cherepovets	1950	Trailed flax pullers
Agrotechmash	Saint Petersburg, Tambov (plant)	1997	combine harvesters	SR200 series, SR3000 series, SR3085 Superior series

Harvesting in the Volgograd Oblast. Harvester Don-1500
Rostselmash Vector
Rostselmash Acros 530

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