Votian/Lative

Subject classification: this is a language-learning resource.

Educational level: this is a non-formal education resource.

Type classification: this is a lesson resource.

Completion status: Deliberately incomplete for educational purposes.

Attribution: User Mikk created this resource and is actively using it. Please coordinate future development with this user if possible.

Lative

	Singular
Lative marker	-k
Lative marker	-n
Lative marker	-s

Pronunciation

1. The final -k is pronounced as -G in Eastern Votic dialect. All the other dialects both in Ingria and Estonia have lost the phoneme *k in the end of words e.g. tšīniG ~ tšīni (" fixed "): ve̮tti tšīni ("He catched it"), pani tšīni ("He fixed it") .
2. The final -n was pronounced as a prolongation of the preceding vowel e.g. tagā (" back(wards) ").
3. The final -s may be pronounced -Z or -z caused by sandhi
   1. in the absolute end - aлaZ ("down(wards)")
   2. in front of a voiceless consonant - tšäütteleb ̮ etēZ ̮ tagāZ ("(Se) walks back and forth.")
   3. in front of a voiced consonant or a vowel - tāz ̮ isuB (" She sits again.")

Usage

Lative has been preserved only in adverbs .

It may express

1. moving towards something - e.g. aлaz ~ aлā ("down(wards)"), ülez ('up'), tagaz ('back'), tšäütteleb ̮ etēZ ̮ tagāZ ("(Se) walks back and forth.")
2. time - e.g. tāz ("again"), sīz ("then")

Dialectal alternatives

• Votic of Ingria
  • Eastern Votic dialect
    • The illative suffix has an additional lative k .
      • -sēG, -sē̮G   etc. e.g. mettsǟsēG ('into a forest'), pīmǟsēG (' into milk ')

Other Finnic dialects

• Finnish dialects : ala-s (" down(wards)")
• Estonian dialects : üle-s (" upwards ")

• Finnish dialects : luo- ( < * luo-k " near ")
• Ingrian dialects : ala-G (" down(wards)")
• South Estonian dialects : ala-ʔ ((" down(wards)")

See also

• Grammar of Votian dialects (syllabus)
• Internal locative cases