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倭

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
倭 U+502D, 倭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-502D
← 倬
[U+502C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 倮 →
[U+502E]

Translingual

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Han character

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倭 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人竹木女 (OHDV), four-corner 22244, composition ⿰亻委)

Derived characters

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References

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Chinese

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trad. 倭
simp. # 倭

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 倭
s05700
Transcribed ancient scripts
L34578
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (委) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
矮 *qraːlʔ
躷 *qraːlʔ
捼 *noːl, *nuːl, *njul
倭 *qoːl, *qoːlʔ, *qrol
涹 *qoːl
踒 *qoːl
餧 *nuːlʔ, *qrols
諉 *nols, *qrolʔ
痿 *njol, *qrol
萎 *qrol, *qrols
逶 *qrol
覣 *qrol
蜲 *qrol, *qrolʔ
委 *qrol, *qrolʔ
緌 *njul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qoːl, *qoːlʔ, *qrol) : semantic 人 + phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ).

Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Various theories suggest that 倭 was influenced by Old Japanese 我 (wa, “I, me”) or referring to the practice of bowing among the ancient Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • e - vernacular;
  • oe - literary.
Rime
Character 倭
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏禾切
Baxter 'wa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔuɑ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔuɑ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔuɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔwa/
Li
Rong 		/ʔuɑ/
Wang
Li 		/uɑ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔuɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wō
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wo1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 倭
Reading # 1/3
No. 12888
Phonetic
component 		委
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		倭
Old
Chinese 		/*qoːl/
Notes 見漢書

Definitions

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倭

  1. (historical, now derogatory) Japan; Yamato
  2. (in some animal names) dwarf; pygmy
    倭蛙  ―  wōwā  ―  Nanorana pleskei
    倭河馬／倭河马  ―  wōhémǎ  ―  pygmy hippopotamus
    倭黑猩猩  ―  wōhēixīngxīng  ―  bonobo; pygmy chimpanzee
Synonyms
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  • (Japan):

Compounds

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See also

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 倭
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 支 (14)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於爲切
Baxter 'jwe
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠiuᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔʷᵚiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiuɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔjwiə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ʔjue/
Wang
Li 		/ǐwe/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔwie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wēi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wai1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 倭
Reading # 3/3
No. 12902
Phonetic
component 		委
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		逶
Old
Chinese 		/*qrol/

Definitions

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倭

  1. Used in 倭遲／倭迟, alternative form of 逶迤 (wēiyí, “winding; meandering”)

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 倭
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏果切
Baxter 'waX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔuɑX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔuɑX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔuɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔwaX/
Li
Rong 		/ʔuɑX/
Wang
Li 		/uɑX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔuɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wǒ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wo2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 倭
Reading # 2/3
No. 12891
Phonetic
component 		委
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		婐
Old
Chinese 		/*qoːlʔ/

Definitions

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倭

  1. Only used in 倭墮髻／倭堕髻 (wǒduòjì, “a hairstyle for women that was popular during the Han Dynasty in which the hair was gathered up in a lopsided bun”).

Compounds

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References

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  • “倭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “倭”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 247.

Japanese

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Kanji

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倭

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. Yamato
  2. the country of Japan

Readings

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  • Go-on: い (i)←ゐ (wi, historical)、わ (wa)
  • Kan-on: い (i)←ゐ (wi, historical)、わ (wa)
  • Kun: やまと (yamato, 倭)、したがう (shitagau, 倭う)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
倭
やまと
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 倭 – see the following entry.
【大和やまと】
[proper noun] a town in the Shikinoshimo district in the Yamato Province of Japan, generally equivalent to modern Tenri area
[proper noun] A city in Kanagawa Prefecture
[proper noun] one of the old provinces that made up Japan, generally equivalent to modern Nara prefecture
[proper noun] the country of Japan
Alternative spelling
和
(This term, 倭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
倭
わ
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 倭 (MC 'wa). Various theories suggest that 倭 was influenced by Old Japanese 我 (wa, “I, me”) or referring to the practice of bowing among the ancient Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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倭(わ) • (Wa) 

  1. ancient Japan

Usage notes

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During the Nara period, Japanese scholars believed that 倭 was derogatory as a name for their own country, because the Chinese word depicted a man bending down. Around 757 CE, Japan replaced 倭 with 和(わ) (Wa), which had the same pronunciation in Old Japanese, but instead meant "harmonious".

References

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  1. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 와 (wa) based on Middle Chinese 倭 (MC 'wa).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

倭 (eumhun 왜나라 왜 (waenara wae))

  1. hanja form? of 왜 (“ancient Japan, Yamato”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 倭 (MC 'jwe).

Historical readings

Hanja

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倭 (eumhun 유순할 위 (yusunhal wi))

  1. (literary Chinese) hanja form? of 위 (“docile, obedient”)

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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倭: Hán Nôm readings: uy, oải, nụy/nuỵ, oa

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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