健
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]健 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人弓大手 (ONKQ), four-corner 25240, composition ⿰亻建)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 111, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 875
- Dae Jaweon: page 237, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 184, character 9
- Unihan data for U+5065
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
健 | |
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2nd round simp. | 伣 | |
alternative forms | 徤 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 健 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡans) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans).
Etymology
[edit]Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aː(r/l) (“solid, congealed, frozen, viscous, strong”), and cognate with Burmese ခဲ (hkai:, “to freeze”) (STEDT).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): giâng / giông
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
- Wade–Giles: chien4
- Yale: jyàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gin6
- Yale: gihn
- Cantonese Pinyin: gin6
- Guangdong Romanization: gin6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gen5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ken³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khien
- Hakka Romanization System: kien
- Hagfa Pinyim: kian4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khian
- Hakka Romanization System: kian
- Hagfa Pinyim: kian4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: giâng / giông
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiɑŋ²⁴²/, /kyɔŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- giâng - vernacular;
- giông - literary.
Note:
- kiāⁿ - vernacular;
- kiān - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: giang6 / giêng6 / gian7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiăng / kiĕng / kiāⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiaŋ³⁵/, /kieŋ³⁵/, /kĩã¹¹/
Note:
- giang6/giêng6 - literary (giêng6 - Chaozhou);
- gian7 - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: gjonH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡans/
Definitions
[edit]健
- strong; robust; vigorous
- healthy; in good health
- 健康 ― jiànkāng ― health; healthy; sound
- adeptly; energetically
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]- 伉健
- 保健 (bǎojiàn)
- 保健操 (bǎojiàncāo)
- 保健物理
- 保健粉筆/保健粉笔
- 健仰
- 健保 (jiànbǎo)
- 健保卡
- 健兒/健儿 (jiàn'ér)
- 健兒門診/健儿门诊
- 健全 (jiànquán)
- 健力
- 健力舞
- 健力運動/健力运动
- 健吏
- 健在 (jiànzài)
- 健壯/健壮 (jiànzhuàng)
- 健婦/健妇
- 健存
- 健實/健实
- 健將/健将 (jiànjiàng)
- 健康 (jiànkāng)
- 健康保險/健康保险 (jiànkāng bǎoxiǎn)
- 健康教育
- 健康檢查/健康检查
- 健康襪/健康袜
- 健康醋
- 健康食品 (jiànkāng shípǐn)
- 健忘 (jiànwàng)
- 健忘症 (jiànwàngzhèng)
- 健捷
- 健旺 (jiànwàng)
- 健朗 (jiànlǎng)
- 健檢/健检 (jiànjiǎn)
- 健步 (jiànbù)
- 健步如飛/健步如飞 (jiànbùrúfēi)
- 健水
- 健浪
- 健碩/健硕 (jiànshuò)
- 健筆/健笔
- 健美 (jiànměi)
- 健美操
- 健美褲/健美裤
- 健美運動/健美运动 (jiànměi yùndòng)
- 健羨/健羡
- 健胃
- 健胃劑/健胃剂
- 健胸
- 健舞
- 健行 (jiànxíng)
- 健訟/健讼
- 健談/健谈 (jiàntán)
- 健起
- 健身 (jiànshēn)
- 健身房 (jiànshēnfáng)
- 健身院
- 優生保健/优生保健
- 全民健保
- 凌雲健筆/凌云健笔
- 刁健訟棍/刁健讼棍
- 剛健/刚健 (gāngjiàn)
- 勇健 (yǒngjiàn)
- 四健會/四健会
- 壯健/壮健 (zhuàngjiàn)
- 官健
- 尖齊圓健/尖齐圆健
- 康健 (kāngjiàn)
- 強健/强健 (qiángjiàn)
- 復健/复健 (fùjiàn)
- 復健中心/复健中心
- 復健醫學/复健医学
- 心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng)
- 爽健 (shuǎngjiàn)
- 矯健/矫健 (jiǎojiàn)
- 神爽體健/神爽体健
- 積健為雄/积健为雄
- 穩健/稳健 (wěnjiàn)
- 身輕體健/身轻体健
- 輕健/轻健 (qīngjiàn)
- 雅健
- 雄健 (xióngjiàn)
- 頑健/顽健
- 馬前健/马前健
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]健
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ごん (gon)
- Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
- Kun: すこやか (sukoyaka, 健やか, Jōyō)、たけし (takeshi, 健し)、したたか (shitataka, 健か)
Compounds
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
- a male given name
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 健 (MC gjonH).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 껀〮 (Yale: kkén) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 건 (ken) (Yale: ken) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɘ(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [건(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]健 (eumhun 굳셀 건 (gutsel geon))
健 (eumhun 건강할 건 (geon'ganghal geon))
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 건각 (健脚, geon'gak)
- 건강 (健康, geon'gang)
- 건경 (健勁, geon'gyeong)
- 건담 (健啖, geondam)
- 건망 (健忘, geonmang)
- 건보 (健步, geonbo)
- 건부 (健夫, geonbu)
- 건부 (健婦, geonbu)
- 건상 (健爽, geonsang)
- 건선 (健羨, geonseon)
- 건승 (健勝, geonseung)
- 건식 (健食, geonsik)
- 건실 (健實, geonsil)
- 건아 (健兒, geona)
- 건완 (健腕, geonwan)
- 건위 (健胃, geonwi)
- 건장 (健壯, geonjang)
- 건재 (健在, geonjae)
- 건전 (健全, geonjeon)
- 건첩 (健捷, geoncheop)
- 건투 (健鬪, geontu)
- 건필 (健筆, geonpil)
- 강건 (剛健, ganggeon)
- 강건 (康健, ganggeon)
- 경건 (勁健, gyeonggeon)
- 권건 (權健, gwon'geon)
- 보건 (保健, bogeon)
- 필건 (筆健, pilgeon)
- 항건 (伉健, hanggeon)
- 건담가 (健啖家, geondamga)
- 건망증 (健忘症, geonmangjeung)
- 건망실어증 (健忘失語症, geonmangsireojeung)
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]健: Hán Nôm readings: kiện, kẹn, lương
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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- Japanese fourth grade kanji
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading ごん
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading すこ・やか
- Japanese kanji with kun reading たけ・し
- Japanese kanji with kun reading したた・か
- Japanese lemmas
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