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U+5065, 健
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5065

[U+5064]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5066]

Translingual

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Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 9, +9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人弓大手 (ONKQ), four-corner 25240, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 111, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 875
  • Dae Jaweon: page 237, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 184, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5065

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
2nd round simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡans) : semantic (person) + phonetic (OC *kans).

Etymology

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Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aː(r/l) (solid, congealed, frozen, viscous, strong), and cognate with Burmese ခဲ (hkai:, to freeze) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • giâng - vernacular;
  • giông - literary.
Note:
  • kiāⁿ - vernacular;
  • kiān - literary.
Note:
  • giang6/giêng6 - literary (giêng6 - Chaozhou);
  • gian7 - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiã²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕian³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕian¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕian¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕien⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Suzhou /d͡ʑiɪ³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑi²²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰie²²/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /kʰian⁵³/
Taoyuan /kʰien⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kin²²/
Nanning /kin²²/
Hong Kong /kin²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kian²²/
/kiã²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kyɔŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kyiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /kiaŋ³⁵/
/kiã³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kin³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (30)
Final () (65)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter gjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨɐnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡiɐnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gɨanH/
Li
Rong
/ɡiɐnH/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭɐnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gɨ̯ɐnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gin6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6224
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡans/

Definitions

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  1. strong; robust; vigorous
  2. healthy; in good health
      ―  jiànkāng  ―  health; healthy; sound
  3. adeptly; energetically
  4. a surname

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. strong, robust, healthy
  2. strength

Readings

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Compounds

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Proper noun

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(けん) (Ken

  1. a male given name

(たけし) (Takeshi

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC gjonH).

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɘ(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 굳셀 (gutsel geon))
(eumhun 건강할 (geon'ganghal geon))

  1. hanja form? of (strong; firm)
  2. hanja form? of (used to form nouns related to health)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: kiện, kẹn, lương

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.