彊

See also: 强, 強, 疆, and 彁

彊 U+5F4A, 彊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F4A ← 彉 [U+5F49] CJK Unified Ideographs 彋 → [U+5F4B]

Translingual

Han character

彊 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 弓一田一 (NMWM), four-corner 1121₆, composition ⿰弓畺)

Derived characters

• 疆, 䕬, 𠣀, 𠣃, 𡾪, 𦇤, 𧖑, 𧟂, 𨯞, 𫕘

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 361, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9872
• Dae Jaweon: page 679, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1003, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5F4A

Chinese

trad.		彊
simp.		强

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (畺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
畺	*kaŋ
畕	*kaŋ
礓	*kaŋ
繮	*kaŋ
韁	*kaŋ
橿	*kaŋ
薑	*kaŋ
疆	*kaŋ
壃	*kaŋ
僵	*kaŋ
彊	*kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ
麠	*kaŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 畺 (OC *kaŋ). Bow is powerful.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiáng (qiang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): koeng⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiòng
• Eastern Min (BUC): giòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiûⁿ / kiông / kiâng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kiang⁵ / kiang³ / gion⁵ / giên⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶jian

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciáng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiang²
    • Yale: chyáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyang
    • Palladius: цян (cjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: koeng⁴
    • Yale: kèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: koeng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: kêng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰœːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiong^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiong²
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: giòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyoŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiûⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kiûnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kviuu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /kiũ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiông
    • Tâi-lô: kiông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kioong
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kiɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâng
    • Tâi-lô: kiâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiaang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ¹³/

Note:

• kiûⁿ - vernacular;
• kiông/kiâng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: kiang⁵ / kiang³ / gion⁵ / giên⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiâng / khiàng / kiôⁿ / kiêⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiaŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰiaŋ²¹³/, /kĩõ⁵⁵/, /kĩẽ⁵⁵/

Note:

• kiang3 - "clever", "good at";
• gion5 - "superior;
• better" (giên5 - Chaozhou).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jian
    • MiniDict: jian^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjian
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑiã²³/

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• Middle Chinese: gjang

Rime
Character	彊
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨良切
Baxter	gjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɡiaŋ/
Wang Li	/ɡĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	koeng4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	彊
Reading #	1/3
No.	6264
Phonetic component	畺
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	彊
Old Chinese	/*kaŋs/

Definitions

彊

1. (archaic) Alternative form of 強 / 强
2. 36th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "strength" (𝌩)
3. a surname

Compounds

• 丁彊 / 丁强
• 不畏彊禦 / 不畏强御
• 不避彊禦 / 不避强御
• 博聞彊志 / 博闻强志
• 博聞彊記 / 博闻强记
• 富彊 / 富强 (fùqiáng)
• 彊幹弱枝 / 强干弱枝
• 彊弩之末 / 强弩之末 (qiángnǔzhīmò)
• 彊志 / 强志
• 彊本 / 强本
• 彊本弱末 / 强本弱末
• 彊本節用 / 强本节用
• 彊梁
• 彊禦 / 强御
• 彊記博聞 / 强记博闻
• 按彊助弱 / 按强助弱
• 相倚為彊 / 相倚为强
• 禺彊 / 禺强

Japanese

Kanji

彊

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. Alternative form of 強 (“strong”)

Readings

• Go-on: ごう (gō)^{←がう (gau, historical)}
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
• Kun: つよい (tsuyoi, 彊い)、つよし (tsuyoshi, 彊し)、しいる (shiiru, 彊る)
• Nanori: あき (aki)、つとむ (tsutomu)、つよし (tsuyoshi)、ひさし (hisashi)

Proper noun

彊(つとむ) • (Tsutomu) 

1. a male given name

See also

• 彁, a ghost kanji

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 彊 (MC gjang|gjangX).

Hanja

Wikisource

彊 (eumhun 굳셀 강 (gutsel gang))

1. (literary) hanja form^? of 강 (“to be strong”)

Synonyms

• 強 (강 (gang))
• 勍 (경 (gyeong))

Compounds

• 강구 (彊求, ganggu)
• 강기 (彊記, ganggi)
• 강어 (彊禦, gang'eo)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

彊: Hán Nôm readings: cương, cường

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