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眾

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 众 and 衆
眾 U+773E, 眾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-773E
← 眽
[U+773D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 眿 →
[U+773F]

Translingual

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Traditional 眾
Simplified 众
Japanese 衆
Korean 衆

Han character

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眾 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田中人人人 (WLOOO), four-corner 27232, composition ⿱罒⿲人亻人)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 807, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23321
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1223, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2917, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+773E

Chinese

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trad. 眾/衆
simp. 众*
alternative forms
乑
㐺
𥅫
𠱧
𠱦
乑
㐺
𥅫
𠱧
𠱦
𠂝
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 眾
Shang Western Zhou
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (眾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潨 *zloːŋ, *zluːŋ, *tjuŋ
眾 *tjuŋ, *tjuŋs

Pictogram (象形) : a sun (日) above three humans (㐺) – people gathered or working under the sun.

The top, originally 日 (“sun”) in oracle script has been modified, in bronze script resembling instead a horizontal eye (early form of 目) – reinterpreted as “a crowd under someone’s gaze”, and now resembles 罒.

The bottom, originally three figures (人人人), uses various forms of 人 and 亻, with variation depending on font.

Etymology 1

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Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-toŋ (“thousand”) (Peiros and Starostin, 1996; STEDT); if so, cognate with Tibetan སྟོང (stong, “thousand”), Burmese ထောင် (htaung, “thousand”), Drung tu (“thousand”), Nuosu ꄙ (dur, “thousand”).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) compares this word with Classical Tibetan [script needed] (yong, “in all, at all times, ever before”) and Tibetan ཡོངས (yongs, “all, whole”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chèng - vernacular;
  • chiòng - literary.
Rime
Character 眾
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 之仲切
Baxter tsyuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨuŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiuŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕiuŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cuwŋH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiuŋH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭuŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯uŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zung3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 眾
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhòng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyuwngH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tuŋ-s/
English numerous

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 眾
Reading # 2/2
No. 17491
Phonetic
component 		衆
Rime
group 		終
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		衆
Old
Chinese 		/*tjuŋs/
Notes 甲文象日下三人，
金文或改目下，
表衆人在監督下勞作

Definitions

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眾

  1. masses; people; multitude; crowd; everyone
  2. † everything; all matters
  3. † all the government officials
  4. † soldier; army; troops
  5. † slave labour in agriculture
  6. (Buddhism) number of monks
  7. many; numerous
    Synonyms: 多, 許多 / 许多 (xǔduō)
    Antonym: 寡 (guǎ)
  8. † majority
  9. † various; different
  10. † general; common
  11. 32nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "legion" (𝌥)
  12. a surname

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (衆 / 众):
  • → Japanese: 衆(しゅう) (shū)
  • → Vietnamese: chúng (眾)

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 眾
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 職戎切
Baxter tsyuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cuwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiuŋ/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭuŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zung1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 眾
Reading # 1/2
No. 17489
Phonetic
component 		衆
Rime
group 		終
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		終
Old
Chinese 		/*tjuŋ/

Definitions

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眾

  1. † glutinous millet

References

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  • “眾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “众”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 311.

Japanese

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Kanji

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眾

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. Alternative form of 衆

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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眾 • (jung) (hangeul 중, revised jung, McCune–Reischauer chung, Yale cwung)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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眾: Hán Nôm readings: chúng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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