命
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]命 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人一口中 (OMRL), four-corner 80627, composition ⿱亼叩 or ⿹令口)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 183, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3473
- Dae Jaweon: page 402, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 604, character 11
- Unihan data for U+547D
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
命 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 𠇮 𫝇 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 命 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
命 | *mreŋs |
冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
嶺 | *reŋʔ |
領 | *reŋʔ |
阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
袊 | *reŋʔ |
詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
舲 | *reːŋ |
齡 | *reːŋ |
囹 | *reːŋ |
鴒 | *reːŋ |
蛉 | *reːŋ |
鈴 | *reːŋ |
苓 | *reːŋ |
伶 | *reːŋ |
泠 | *reːŋ |
瓴 | *reːŋ |
拎 | *reːŋ |
刢 | *reːŋ |
玲 | *reːŋ |
聆 | *reːŋ |
竛 | *reːŋ |
軨 | *reːŋ |
笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
翎 | *reːŋ |
閝 | *reːŋ |
鹷 | *reːŋ |
昤 | *reːŋ |
駖 | *reːŋ |
彾 | *reːŋ |
呤 | *reːŋ |
狑 | *reːŋ |
秢 | *reːŋ |
岭 | *reːŋ |
紷 | *reːŋ |
砱 | *reːŋ |
羚 | *reːŋ |
姈 | *reːŋ |
蕶 | *reːŋ |
澪 | *reːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mreŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). Doublet of 呤 (OC *reːŋ).
Etymology
[edit]Related to 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs, “to order; to command; order”) (Wang, 1982). Both may be derived from 名 (OC *meŋ, “name”): “name” (名) > “to name; to give (a name to)” (命) > “to order; to command” > “order; command” > “destiny; fate; lot” > “life” (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): min4
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): mīng
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мин (min, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): meng6 / ming6
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): meang3 / moeng3
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): miang5
- Gan (Wiktionary): miang5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ming3
- Northern Min (KCR): miāng / mēng
- Eastern Min (BUC): miâng / mêng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mia5 / ming5
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): mang6
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6min
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): min5 / min4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mìng
- Wade–Giles: ming4
- Yale: mìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minq
- Palladius: мин (min)
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: min4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: min
- Sinological IPA (key): /min²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: mīng
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мин (min, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: meng6 / ming6
- Yale: mehng / mihng
- Cantonese Pinyin: meng6 / ming6
- Guangdong Romanization: méng6 / ming6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɛːŋ²²/, /mɪŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- meng6 - vernacular;
- ming6 - literary.
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: meang3 / moeng3
- Sinological IPA (key): /məŋ³²/, /møŋ³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: miang5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbiaŋ³²/
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: miang5
- Sinological IPA (key): /miaŋ¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miang / min
- Hakka Romanization System: miang / min
- Hagfa Pinyim: miang4 / min4
- Sinological IPA: /mi̯aŋ⁵⁵/, /min⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: miang˖ / min˖
- Sinological IPA: /miaŋ³³/, /min³³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- miang/miang˖/miang4 - vernacular;
- min/min˖/min4 - literary.
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ming3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /miŋ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: miāng / mēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /miaŋ⁵⁵/, /meiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: miâng / mêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /miɑŋ²⁴²/, /mɛiŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- miâng - vernacular;
- mêng - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: mia5
- Sinological IPA (key): /mia²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ming5
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- mia5 - vernacular;
- ming5 - literary.
- Southern Min
- miā - vernacular;
- bēng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: mian7 / mêng6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miāⁿ / mĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /mĩã¹¹/, /meŋ³⁵/
- mian7 - vernacular;
- mêng6 - literary.
- mia1 - vernacular;
- ming7 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: mang6
- Sinological IPA (key): /məŋ²²/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: min5 / min4
- Sinological IPA (key): /min²¹/, /min⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- min5 - vernacular;
- min4 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: mjaengH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-riŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mreŋs/
Definitions
[edit]命
- life; existence; state of living (Classifier: 條/条 m c)
- lifespan; life expectancy
- destiny; fate; luck
- order; command; instruction
- to order; to command
- to give (a title, name to); to name
Synonyms
[edit]- (life): 生命 (shēngmìng)
See also
[edit]- 生活 (shēnghuó, “(personal aspects of) life”)
Compounds
[edit]- 一命 (yīmìng)
- 一命嗚呼 / 一命呜呼 (yīmìngwūhū)
- 一文如命
- 一錢如命 / 一钱如命
- 三命
- 上命 (shàngmìng)
- 不敢從命 / 不敢从命
- 不辱使命 (bùrǔshǐmìng)
- 丟命 / 丢命
- 九命
- 九命奇冤
- 乞命
- 了身達命 / 了身达命
- 亡命 (wángmìng)
- 亡命之徒 (wángmìngzhītú)
- 亡身短命
- 人命 (rénmìng)
- 休命
- 任命 (rènmìng)
- 任命狀 / 任命状
- 任天由命
- 佐命
- 佳人命薄
- 佳人薄命 (jiārénbómìng)
- 使命 (shǐmìng)
- 使命感 (shǐmìnggǎn)
- 俟命
- 保命 (bǎomìng)
- 俛首聽命 / 俯首听命
- 倒懸捱命 / 倒悬捱命
- 俯首聽命 / 俯首听命
- 假言命題 / 假言命题
- 催命 (cuīmìng)
- 催命符 (cuīmìng fú)
- 催命鬼
- 償命 / 偿命 (chángmìng)
- 元命
- 內命 / 内命
- 八敗命 / 八败命
- 共命鳥 / 共命鸟 (gòngmìngniǎo)
- 冇命
- 冊命 / 册命
- 分命
- 制命
- 勞碌命 / 劳碌命
- 千里命駕
- 反命
- 受命 (shòumìng)
- 受命推事
- 司命
- 同命
- 同命鳥 / 同命鸟
- 同命鴛鴦 / 同命鸳鸯
- 命不牢
- 命不該絕 / 命不该绝
- 命世 (mìngshì)
- 命世之才 (mìngshì zhī cái)
- 命世才
- 命中 (mìngzhòng)
- 命中注定 (mìngzhōngzhùdìng)
- 命中率 (mìngzhònglǜ)
- 命中註定 / 命中注定 (mìngzhōngzhùdìng)
- 命乖運拙 / 命乖运拙
- 命人
- 命仔
- 命令 (mìnglìng)
- 命儔嘯侶 / 命俦啸侣
- 命分
- 命名 (mìngmíng)
- 命在旦夕
- 命大 (mìngdà)
- 命如紙 / 命如纸
- 命婦 / 命妇
- 命官 (mìngguān)
- 命定 (mìngdìng)
- 命宮 / 命宫
- 命小福薄
- 命帶桃花 / 命带桃花
- 命快
- 命意
- 命數 / 命数 (mìngshù)
- 命數法 / 命数法
- 命服
- 命染黃沙 / 命染黄沙
- 命案 (mìng'àn)
- 命根 (mìnggēn)
- 命根子 (mìnggēnzi)
- 命毒
- 命理
- 命相
- 命硬
- 命神
- 命筆 / 命笔 (mìngbǐ)
- 命脈 / 命脉 (mìngmài)
- 命苦 (mìngkǔ)
- 命若懸絲 / 命若悬丝
- 命薄
- 命薄如花
- 命薄相窮 / 命薄相穷
- 命虧 / 命亏
- 命該如此 / 命该如此
- 命蹇
- 命蹇時乖 / 命蹇时乖
- 命輕鴻毛 / 命轻鸿毛
- 命途 (mìngtú)
- 命途坎坷
- 命途多舛 (mìngtúduōchuǎn)
- 命運 / 命运 (mìngyùn)
- 命道
- 命釘 / 命钉
- 命門 / 命门 (mìngmén)
- 命限
- 命題 / 命题 (mìngtí)
- 命館 / 命馆
- 命駕 / 命驾
- 唯命是從 / 唯命是从 (wéimìngshìcóng)
- 唯命是聽 / 唯命是听 (wéimìngshìtīng)
- 唾是命
- 唯是命題 / 唯是命题
- 喝命
- 喪命 / 丧命 (sàngmìng)
- 嗜之如命
- 嘏命
- 嚴命 / 严命
- 國命 / 国命 (guómìng)
- 圖財害命 / 图财害命
- 圖財致命 / 图财致命
- 垂命
- 執命 / 执命
- 報命 / 报命
- 填命 (tiánmìng)
- 壽命 / 寿命 (shòumìng)
- 大命 (dàmìng)
- 天命
- 天命有歸 / 天命有归
- 天命真主
- 奉命 (fèngmìng)
- 奔命
- 奉命唯謹 / 奉命唯谨
- 奪命 / 夺命
- 好命 (hǎomìng)
- 委命
- 孤鸞照命 / 孤鸾照命
- 安之若命
- 安命 (ānmìng)
- 安身立命 (ānshēnlìmìng)
- 安非他命 (ānfēitāmìng)
- 定命 (dìngmìng)
- 害命
- 家貧命苦 / 家贫命苦
- 宿命 (sùmìng)
- 寄命
- 宿命論 / 宿命论 (sùmìnglùn)
- 宿命通
- 寵命 / 宠命
- 將命 / 将命 (jiāngmìng)
- 專命 / 专命
- 將士用命 / 将士用命
- 尊命 (zūnmìng)
- 對命 / 对命
- 小命兒 / 小命儿
- 峻命 (jùnmìng)
- 帝命
- 平均壽命 / 平均寿命 (píngjūn shòumìng)
- 年命
- 幸不辱命
- 度命 (dùmìng)
- 延命菊 (yánmìngjú)
- 待命 (dàimìng)
- 後命 / 后命
- 得命
- 從命 / 从命 (cóngmìng)
- 復命 / 复命 (fùmìng)
- 性命 (xìngmìng)
- 恩星照命
- 惟命是從 / 惟命是从 (wéimìngshìcóng)
- 惟命是聽 / 惟命是听 (wéimìngshìtīng)
- 愛才如命 / 爱才如命 (àicáirúmìng)
- 愛財如命 / 爱财如命 (àicáirúmìng)
- 愛錢如命 / 爱钱如命
- 慈命
- 應命 / 应命 (yìngmìng)
- 應天受命 / 应天受命 (yìngtiānshòumìng)
- 成命 (chéngmìng)
- 抗命
- 批命
- 投命
- 拜命
- 拚命 (pànmìng)
- 抵命
- 拚老命
- 拼命 (pīnmìng)
- 拼命三郎 (pīnmìng sānláng)
- 拱手聽命 / 拱手听命
- 掙命 / 挣命 (zhèngmìng)
- 捨命 / 舍命 (shěmìng)
- 授命 (shòumìng)
- 捨命救人 / 舍命救人
- 排斥命題 / 排斥命题
- 搶命 / 抢命
- 搏命 (bómìng)
- 攞命 / 𫽋命
- 收回成命
- 放命
- 效命 (xiàomìng)
- 敕命 (chìmìng)
- 救命 (jiùmìng)
- 數奇命蹇 / 数奇命蹇
- 斃命 / 毙命 (bìmìng)
- 文命
- 文章憎命
- 斷難從命 / 断难从命
- 方命
- 明命
- 星命
- 時乖命蹇 / 时乖命蹇
- 時命 / 时命
- 景命 (jǐngmìng)
- 曆命 / 历命
- 有命
- 有才無命 / 有才无命
- 朕命
- 末命
- 本命年 (běnmìngnián)
- 本命星
- 桃花薄命
- 樂天安命 / 乐天安命
- 樂天知命 / 乐天知命 (lètiānzhīmìng)
- 欣然命筆 / 欣然命笔
- 欽命 / 钦命 (qīnmìng)
- 正命
- 歸命 / 归命
- 歹命
- 死命 (sǐmìng)
- 死於非命 / 死于非命 (sǐyúfēimìng)
- 死生有命
- 殞命 / 殒命 (yǔnmìng)
- 殞身滅命 / 殒身灭命
- 殺人償命 / 杀人偿命
- 民不堪命
- 氣命 / 气命
- 永命
- 沒命 / 没命
- 沒命似的 / 没命似的
- 治命
- 活命 (huómìng)
- 為民請命 / 为民请命
- 爛命 / 烂命
- 父母之命
- 特命 (tèmìng)
- 犬馬之命 / 犬马之命
- 狗命
- 狠命
- 王命 (wángmìng)
- 王命旗牌
- 玩兒命 / 玩儿命 (wánrmìng)
- 玩命 (wánmìng)
- 生命 (shēngmìng)
- 生死有命
- 用命 (yòngmìng)
- 畏天知命
- 畢命 / 毕命 (bìmìng)
- 疲於奔命 / 疲于奔命 (píyúbēnmìng)
- 盡命 / 尽命 (jìnmìng)
- 相依為命 / 相依为命 (xiāngyīwéimìng)
- 相倚為命 / 相倚为命
- 相命 (xiàngmìng)
- 相與為命 / 相与为命
- 相須為命 / 相须为命
- 真命天子 (zhēnmìng tiānzǐ)
- 知命 (zhīmìng)
- 知命之年 (zhīmìngzhīnián)
- 知命安身
- 知命樂天 / 知命乐天
- 短命 (duǎnmìng)
- 短命鬼 (duǎnmìngguǐ)
- 短壽促命 / 短寿促命
- 矯命 / 矫命
- 硬命
- 祚命
- 祿命 / 禄命 (lùmìng)
- 禍福有命 / 祸福有命
- 稟命 / 禀命 (bǐngmìng)
- 窮身潑命 / 穷身泼命
- 窮通皆命 / 穷通皆命
- 窮達有命 / 穷达有命
- 立命安身
- 符命
- 策命
- 算命 (suànmìng)
- 算命先生 (suànmìng xiānsheng)
- 紅顏命薄 / 红颜命薄
- 紅顏薄命 / 红颜薄命 (hóngyánbómìng)
- 紅鸞照命 / 红鸾照命
- 索命 (suǒmìng)
- 納命 / 纳命
- 納命來 / 纳命来
- 絕命 / 绝命
- 絕命書 / 绝命书
- 絕命詞 / 绝命词
- 維他命 / 维他命 (wéitāmìng)
- 維天之命 / 维天之命
- 緣慳命蹇 / 缘悭命蹇
- 繫命 / 系命 (xìmìng)
- 續命 / 续命 (xùmìng)
- 續命湯 / 续命汤
- 罷於奔命 / 罢于奔命
- 美人命薄
- 老命 (lǎomìng)
- 耳提面命 (ěrtímiànmìng)
- 耿命
- 聽命 / 听命
- 聽天任命 / 听天任命 (tīngtiānrènmìng)
- 聽天命 / 听天命 (tīngtiānmìng)
- 聽天由命 / 听天由命 (tīngtiānyóumìng)
- 肯定命題 / 肯定命题
- 脫命 / 脱命
- 臨危受命 / 临危受命 (línwēishòumìng)
- 臨危授命 / 临危授命 (línwēishòumìng)
- 臨危效命 / 临危效命
- 臨危致命 / 临危致命
- 自命 (zìmìng)
- 自命不凡 (zìmìngbùfán)
- 自命清高 (zìmìngqīnggāo)
- 致命 (zhìmìng)
- 致命傷 / 致命伤 (zhìmìngshāng)
- 臺命 / 台命
- 苦命 (kǔmìng)
- 薄命 (bómìng)
- 薄命女
- 衡命
- 複合命題 / 复合命题
- 要命 (yàomìng)
- 要命鬼
- 覆命 (fùmìng)
- 見危受命 / 见危受命
- 見危授命 / 见危授命
- 見危致命 / 见危致命
- 託命 / 托命
- 討命 / 讨命
- 託孤寄命 / 托孤寄命
- 誥命 / 诰命 (gàomìng)
- 認命 / 认命 (rènmìng)
- 課命 / 课命
- 請命 / 请命 (qǐngmìng)
- 謀財害命 / 谋财害命 (móucáihàimìng)
- 豁命
- 負命 / 负命
- 財多命殆 / 财多命殆
- 買命錢 / 买命钱
- 賣命 / 卖命 (màimìng)
- 贖命 / 赎命
- 踰牆避命 / 逾墙避命
- 身命 (shēnmìng)
- 軀命 / 躯命
- 辟命
- 辭不獲命 / 辞不获命
- 辭命 / 辞命
- 辱命
- 送命 (sòngmìng)
- 逃命 (táomìng)
- 逆命
- 造命
- 達人知命 / 达人知命
- 違命 / 违命
- 運命 / 运命 (yùnmìng)
- 運命論 / 运命论
- 遺命 / 遗命
- 遵命 (zūnmìng)
- 鈞命 / 钧命
- 銜命 / 衔命 (xiánmìng)
- 錫命 / 锡命
- 長命 / 长命 (chángmìng)
- 長命富貴 / 长命富贵
- 長命百歲 / 长命百岁 (chángmìngbǎisuì)
- 長命縷 / 长命缕
- 長命釘 / 长命钉
- 長命鎖 / 长命锁 (chángmìngsuǒ)
- 關係命題 / 关系命题
- 隕命 / 陨命
- 非命 (fēimìng)
- 非定命論 / 非定命论
- 面命耳提
- 靦顏借命 / 䩄颜借命
- 革命 (gémìng)
- 順命 / 顺命
- 順天聽命 / 顺天听命
- 領命 / 领命 (lǐngmìng)
- 顧命 / 顾命
- 饒命 / 饶命 (ráomìng)
- 駿命 / 骏命
- 鼎命
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: みょう (myō, Jōyō)←みやう (myau, historical)
- Kan-on: めい (mei, Jōyō)
- Kun: いのち (inochi, 命, Jōyō)、みこと (mikoto, 命)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
命 |
いのち Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *inəti. Probably a compound of Old Japanese elements 息 (i, “breath”, i in compounds, iki on its own) + の (no, possessive particle) + 霊 (chi, “spirit, force, soul”).
Some analyses describe this as a compound using 生 (i, “life, breath”, i in compounds, iki on its own) as the initial semantic element. This is equally valid, as 息 (iki) and 生き (iki) are cognates.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- life
- 命の恩人
- inochi no onjin
- person to whom one owes their life
- 命の恩人
- lifespan
- lifetime
- fate, destiny
- (figuratively) the most important part or aspect of a thing
Usage notes
[edit]命 as "life" is distinct from several other Japanese words that may also be translated to English as "life". In particular, it means "the state of being alive, an animating force, or life as a whole (from birth to death)". Compare the terms below, which may also be rendered as "life" in English:
- 生活 (seikatsu, “life”): Day-to-day life as it is experienced; lifestyle; one's usual activities, habits, and routines.
- 生存 (seizon, “life”): Action involved in staying alive, as in "signs of life".
- 生命 (seimei, “life”): Biological life in general, particularly in scientific contexts.
- 存在 (sonzai, “life”): Being; either the state of existing or a thing that exists.
- 人生 (jinsei, “life”): A person's narrative, experience, and/or accomplishments from birth to death.
- 寿命 (jumyō, “life”): Lifespan or life expectancy.
- 残機 (zanki, “life”): A video-game life; a chance to play.
- 元気 (genki, “life”): Liveliness.
Synonyms
[edit]- (life): 生命 (seimei)
- (lifespan): 寿命 (jumyō)
- (lifetime): 生涯 (shōgai), 一生 (isshō)
- (fate): 運命 (unmei)
- (destiny): 天命 (tenmei)
- (core aspect): 真髄 (shinzui)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
命 |
みこと Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Compound of 御 (mi-, honorific prefix) + 言 (koto, “word”).[2] The mi prefix is generally limited to extremely high-status contexts such as gods or emperors.
Alternative forms
[edit]- 御言 (mikoto)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- the words or pronouncements of a god or an emperor
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
命 |
みこと Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 御 (mi-, honorific prefix) + 事 (koto, “abstract thing”, as opposed to 物, mono, “concrete thing”).[2][1]
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- the honorable, the exalted
- Used as a title after the referenced noun when referring to gods, emperors, or other high-status persons.
- 711–712, Kojiki, Kami tsu maki:
- 夜知富許能 迦微能美許登波
- 八千矛の神の命は
- やちほこのかみのみことは
- Yachihoko no kami no mikoto wa
- the honorable god Yachihoko
-
- 波々蘇婆能 波々能美許等波
- 柞葉の母の命は
- ははそばのははのみことは
- hahasoba no haha no mikoto wa
- the exalted mother of the oak leaf
- the beloved, dearly beloved
- Similarly used as a title after the referenced noun.
- 711–712, Kojiki, Kami tsu maki:
- 和加久佐能 都麻能美許登
- 若草の妻の命
- わかくさのつまのみこと
- Wakakusa no tsuma no mikoto
- dearly beloved young wife
Pronoun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]Used ironically from the late Heian period, expressing a sense of mild derision or ridicule.
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
命 |
めい Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 命 (mjængH, “command”). Compare modern Mandarin 命 (mìng, “life, destiny, instruction”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- (fate): 運命 (unmei)
- (destiny): 天命 (tenmei)
- (life): 生命 (seimei)
- (lifespan): 寿命 (jumyō)
- (order): 仰, 仰せ (ōse); 命令 (meirei)
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]命 (eumhun 목숨 명 (moksum myeong))
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Ryukyuan *inoti, from Proto-Japonic *inəti.
Kanji in this term |
---|
命 |
ぬち Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]命 (nuchi)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
命 |
いぬち Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Noun
[edit]命 (inuchi)
References
[edit]- “ぬち【命】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]命: Hán Việt readings: mệnh, mạng
命: Nôm readings: mạng, mạnh, mệnh, mình
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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