訶

See also: 呵 and 诃

訶 U+8A36, 訶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A36 ← 訵 [U+8A35] CJK Unified Ideographs 訷 → [U+8A37]

Translingual

Han character

訶 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一弓口 (YRMNR), four-corner 0162₀, composition ⿰訁可)

1. scold loudly, curse, abuse

Derived characters

• 𦺞

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1152, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35328
• Dae Jaweon: page 1619, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3952, character 11
• Unihan data for U+8A36

Chinese

trad.		訶
simp.		诃
alternative forms		呵 苛 荷 obsolete

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
砢	*ɡ·raːlʔ
柯	*kaːl
菏	*kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁	*kaːl
滒	*kaːl
哥	*kaːl
歌	*kaːl
謌	*kaːl
鴚	*kaːl
哿	*kaːlʔ
舸	*kaːlʔ
笴	*kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻	*kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂	*kʰaːl
可	*kʰaːlʔ
岢	*kʰaːlʔ
坷	*kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵	*kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵	*qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶	*qʰaːl
抲	*qʰaːl
荷	*qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何	*ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河	*ɡaːl
苛	*ɡaːl
魺	*ɡaːl
袔	*ɡaːls
阿	*qaːl
妸	*qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴	*qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳	*qaːl
娿	*qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾	*qaːl
跒	*kʰraːlʔ
閜	*qʰraːlʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hē (he¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ho¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): ŏ̤ / hŏ̤
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hor¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): o

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hē
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: he
    • Wade–Giles: ho¹
    • Yale: hē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: he
    • Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ho¹
    • Yale: hō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ho¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ho¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ŏ̤ / hŏ̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /o⁵⁵/, /ho⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hor¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒ⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o
    • Tâi-lô: o
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oy
    • IPA (Xiamen): /o⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /o³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /o⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /o⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɤ⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: xa

Rime
Character	訶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	虎何切
Baxter	xa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/hɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/xɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ha/
Li Rong	/xɑ/
Wang Li	/xɑ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ho1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤaj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	訶
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hē
Middle Chinese	‹ xa ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁaj/
English	shout, scold
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	訶
Reading #	1/1
No.	7454
Phonetic component	可
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	訶
Old Chinese	/*qʰaːl/

Definitions

訶

1. to scold; to shout at

Compounds

• 摩訶 / 摩诃 (móhē)
• 摩訶婆羅多 / 摩诃婆罗多 (Móhēpóluóduō)
• 摩訶止觀 / 摩诃止观
• 摩訶羅 / 摩诃罗 (móhēluó)
• 摩訶薩 / 摩诃萨 (móhēsà)
• 摩訶薩埵 / 摩诃萨埵 (móhēsàduǒ)
• 索訶 / 索诃
• 訶佛罵祖 / 诃佛骂祖
• 訶子 / 诃子 (hēzǐ)
• 訶斥 / 诃斥
• 訶梨勒 / 诃梨勒
• 訶求 / 诃求
• 詆訶 / 诋诃
• 訶詬 / 诃诟
• 訶譴 / 诃谴
• 譴訶 / 谴诃

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “诃”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 87.

Japanese

Kanji

訶

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: か (ka)
• Kan-on: か (ka)
• Kun: しかる (shikaru, 訶る)

Korean

Hanja

訶 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)

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Vietnamese

Han character

訶: Hán Nôm readings: ha, kha

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