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-is

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Czech

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Suffix

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-is n (noun-forming suffix, indeclinable)

  1. indicates a sharp of a note
    Měl zahrát gis, ale omylem zahrál ais.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Danish

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Suffix

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-is

  1. indicates the sharp of a note;

Antonyms

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Esperanto

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Etymology

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The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us.An International Language (1928)

The vowel of -is is likely cognate with the Latin perfect, as in amavit "s/he had loved", and the corresponding past infinitive amavisse.

Suffix

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-is

  1. ending of past tense in verbs, e.g. ami to love, ŝi amis she loved.

Estonian

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare -us and -s.

Suffix

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-is (genitive -ise, partitive -ist)

  1. Derives nouns.
    petma (to con, to trick) + ‎-is → ‎petis (conman, trickster, cheat, fraud)
    näitama (to show) + ‎-is → ‎näidis (sample, specimen)
  2. Derives forms of nouns used in compounds.
    väli (field, area) + ‎-is → ‎välis- (outside)
    võidma ("to spread", "to anoint") → võidis- in võidisvaal ("sperm whale")

Declension

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Declension of -is (ÕS type 11/harjutus, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -is -ised
accusative nom.
gen. -ise
genitive -iste
partitive -ist -isi
illative -isse
-isesse
-istesse
-isisse
inessive -ises -istes
-isis
elative -isest -istest
-isist
allative -isele -istele
-isile
adessive -isel -istel
-isil
ablative -iselt -istelt
-isilt
translative -iseks -isteks
-isiks
terminative -iseni -isteni
essive -isena -istena
abessive -iseta -isteta
comitative -isega -istega
Declension of -is (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -is -ised
accusative nom.
gen. -ise
genitive -iste
partitive -ist -iseid
illative -isesse -istesse
-iseisse
inessive -ises -istes
-iseis
elative -isest -istest
-iseist
allative -isele -istele
-iseile
adessive -isel -istel
-iseil
ablative -iselt -istelt
-iseilt
translative -iseks -isteks
-iseiks
terminative -iseni -isteni
essive -isena -istena
abessive -iseta -isteta
comitative -isega -istega

Finnish

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Etymology 1

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Probably from Swedish -is and possibly also extracted from slang terms including that suffix.

Suffix

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-is (colloquial)

  1. -er, -ie; a suffix used to form nouns and proper nouns from place names, common nouns and adjectives; gives a familiar nuance to the original word; the original word is often truncated in the process.
    kova (hard, tough) + ‎-is → ‎kovis (badass)
    mestaruus (championship) + ‎-is → ‎mestis (league of champions)
    paha (bad) + ‎-is → ‎pahis (bad guy)
    Roihuvuori (a suburb of Helsinki) + ‎-is → ‎Roihis
Declension
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Inflection of -is (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative -is -ikset
genitive -iksen -isten
-iksien
partitive -ista -iksia
illative -ikseen -iksiin
singular plural
nominative -is -ikset
accusative nom. -is -ikset
gen. -iksen
genitive -iksen -isten
-iksien
partitive -ista -iksia
inessive -iksessa -iksissa
elative -iksesta -iksista
illative -ikseen -iksiin
adessive -iksella -iksilla
ablative -ikselta -iksilta
allative -ikselle -iksille
essive -iksena -iksina
translative -ikseksi -iksiksi
abessive -iksetta -iksitta
instructive -iksin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of -is (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -ikseni -ikseni
accusative nom. -ikseni -ikseni
gen. -ikseni
genitive -ikseni -isteni
-iksieni
partitive -istani -iksiani
inessive -iksessani -iksissani
elative -iksestani -iksistani
illative -ikseeni -iksiini
adessive -iksellani -iksillani
ablative -ikseltani -iksiltani
allative -ikselleni -iksilleni
essive -iksenani -iksinani
translative -iksekseni -iksikseni
abessive -iksettani -iksittani
instructive
comitative -iksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -iksesi -iksesi
accusative nom. -iksesi -iksesi
gen. -iksesi
genitive -iksesi -istesi
-iksiesi
partitive -istasi -iksiasi
inessive -iksessasi -iksissasi
elative -iksestasi -iksistasi
illative -ikseesi -iksiisi
adessive -iksellasi -iksillasi
ablative -ikseltasi -iksiltasi
allative -iksellesi -iksillesi
essive -iksenasi -iksinasi
translative -ikseksesi -iksiksesi
abessive -iksettasi -iksittasi
instructive
comitative -iksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -iksemme -iksemme
accusative nom. -iksemme -iksemme
gen. -iksemme
genitive -iksemme -istemme
-iksiemme
partitive -istamme -iksiamme
inessive -iksessamme -iksissamme
elative -iksestamme -iksistamme
illative -ikseemme -iksiimme
adessive -iksellamme -iksillamme
ablative -ikseltamme -iksiltamme
allative -iksellemme -iksillemme
essive -iksenamme -iksinamme
translative -ikseksemme -iksiksemme
abessive -iksettamme -iksittamme
instructive
comitative -iksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -iksenne -iksenne
accusative nom. -iksenne -iksenne
gen. -iksenne
genitive -iksenne -istenne
-iksienne
partitive -istanne -iksianne
inessive -iksessanne -iksissanne
elative -iksestanne -iksistanne
illative -ikseenne -iksiinne
adessive -iksellanne -iksillanne
ablative -ikseltanne -iksiltanne
allative -iksellenne -iksillenne
essive -iksenanne -iksinanne
translative -ikseksenne -iksiksenne
abessive -iksettanne -iksittanne
instructive
comitative -iksinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -iksensa -iksensa
accusative nom. -iksensa -iksensa
gen. -iksensa
genitive -iksensa -istensa
-iksiensa
partitive -istaan
-istansa
-iksiaan
-iksiansa
inessive -iksessaan
-iksessansa
-iksissaan
-iksissansa
elative -iksestaan
-iksestansa
-iksistaan
-iksistansa
illative -ikseensa -iksiinsa
adessive -iksellaan
-iksellansa
-iksillaan
-iksillansa
ablative -ikseltaan
-ikseltansa
-iksiltaan
-iksiltansa
allative -ikselleen
-iksellensa
-iksilleen
-iksillensa
essive -iksenaan
-iksenansa
-iksinaan
-iksinansa
translative -iksekseen
-ikseksensa
-iksikseen
-iksiksensa
abessive -iksettaan
-iksettansa
-iksittaan
-iksittansa
instructive
comitative -iksineen
-iksinensa
Inflection of -is (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative -is -ikset
genitive -iksen -isten
-iksien
partitive -istä -iksiä
illative -ikseen -iksiin
singular plural
nominative -is -ikset
accusative nom. -is -ikset
gen. -iksen
genitive -iksen -isten
-iksien
partitive -istä -iksiä
inessive -iksessä -iksissä
elative -iksestä -iksistä
illative -ikseen -iksiin
adessive -iksellä -iksillä
ablative -ikseltä -iksiltä
allative -ikselle -iksille
essive -iksenä -iksinä
translative -ikseksi -iksiksi
abessive -iksettä -iksittä
instructive -iksin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of -is (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -ikseni -ikseni
accusative nom. -ikseni -ikseni
gen. -ikseni
genitive -ikseni -isteni
-iksieni
partitive -istäni -iksiäni
inessive -iksessäni -iksissäni
elative -iksestäni -iksistäni
illative -ikseeni -iksiini
adessive -ikselläni -iksilläni
ablative -ikseltäni -iksiltäni
allative -ikselleni -iksilleni
essive -iksenäni -iksinäni
translative -iksekseni -iksikseni
abessive -iksettäni -iksittäni
instructive
comitative -iksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -iksesi -iksesi
accusative nom. -iksesi -iksesi
gen. -iksesi
genitive -iksesi -istesi
-iksiesi
partitive -istäsi -iksiäsi
inessive -iksessäsi -iksissäsi
elative -iksestäsi -iksistäsi
illative -ikseesi -iksiisi
adessive -ikselläsi -iksilläsi
ablative -ikseltäsi -iksiltäsi
allative -iksellesi -iksillesi
essive -iksenäsi -iksinäsi
translative -ikseksesi -iksiksesi
abessive -iksettäsi -iksittäsi
instructive
comitative -iksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -iksemme -iksemme
accusative nom. -iksemme -iksemme
gen. -iksemme
genitive -iksemme -istemme
-iksiemme
partitive -istämme -iksiämme
inessive -iksessämme -iksissämme
elative -iksestämme -iksistämme
illative -ikseemme -iksiimme
adessive -iksellämme -iksillämme
ablative -ikseltämme -iksiltämme
allative -iksellemme -iksillemme
essive -iksenämme -iksinämme
translative -ikseksemme -iksiksemme
abessive -iksettämme -iksittämme
instructive
comitative -iksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -iksenne -iksenne
accusative nom. -iksenne -iksenne
gen. -iksenne
genitive -iksenne -istenne
-iksienne
partitive -istänne -iksiänne
inessive -iksessänne -iksissänne
elative -iksestänne -iksistänne
illative -ikseenne -iksiinne
adessive -iksellänne -iksillänne
ablative -ikseltänne -iksiltänne
allative -iksellenne -iksillenne
essive -iksenänne -iksinänne
translative -ikseksenne -iksiksenne
abessive -iksettänne -iksittänne
instructive
comitative -iksinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -iksensä -iksensä
accusative nom. -iksensä -iksensä
gen. -iksensä
genitive -iksensä -istensä
-iksiensä
partitive -istään
-istänsä
-iksiään
-iksiänsä
inessive -iksessään
-iksessänsä
-iksissään
-iksissänsä
elative -iksestään
-iksestänsä
-iksistään
-iksistänsä
illative -ikseensä -iksiinsä
adessive -iksellään
-iksellänsä
-iksillään
-iksillänsä
ablative -ikseltään
-ikseltänsä
-iksiltään
-iksiltänsä
allative -ikselleen
-iksellensä
-iksilleen
-iksillensä
essive -iksenään
-iksenänsä
-iksinään
-iksinänsä
translative -iksekseen
-ikseksensä
-iksikseen
-iksiksensä
abessive -iksettään
-iksettänsä
-iksittään
-iksittänsä
instructive
comitative -iksineen
-iksinensä

Etymology 2

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From German -is.

Suffix

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-is

  1. (music) sharp,
    Antonym: -es
    A + ‎-is → ‎Ais (A sharp)
    C + ‎-is → ‎Cis (C sharp)
    D + ‎-is → ‎Dis (D sharp)
    E + ‎-is → ‎Eis (E sharp)
    F + ‎-is → ‎Fis (F sharp)
    G + ‎-is → ‎Gis (G sharp)
    H + ‎-is → ‎His (B sharp)
Derived terms
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  • -isis (double sharp)

Anagrams

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French

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Latin -iō*-īō, -is*-īs (sense 1–2); Latin -īvī, and -īvisti (sense 3–4). In the case of regular -ir verbs (like finir), the first singular present suffix was inherited from Old French -is, from Vulgar Latin *-īscō (cf. -iss-), while other first singular suffixes (also when added to irregular -ir verbs) are added erroneously.

Suffix

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-is

  1. forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
  2. forms the second-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
  3. forms the first-person singular past historic of -ir verbs
  4. forms the second-person singular past historic of -ir verbs

Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-is

  1. forms the first-person singular past historic of -re verbs
  2. forms the second-person singular past historic of -re verbs

Etymology 3

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Inherited from Old French -ëiz, from Latin -ātus (past participle ending) + -īcius (adjective-forming suffix).

Suffix

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-is

  1. adjective- or noun-forming suffix, generally found attached to verbs
Derived terms
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German

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Etymology

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Potentially shortened from Diesis.

Suffix

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-is (invariable)

  1. (music) sharp,
    Antonym: -es
    A + ‎-is → ‎Ais (A sharp)
    C + ‎-is → ‎Cis (C sharp)
    D + ‎-is → ‎Dis (D sharp)
    E + ‎-is → ‎Eis (E sharp)
    F + ‎-is → ‎Fis (F sharp)
    G + ‎-is → ‎Gis (G sharp)
    H + ‎-is → ‎His (B sharp)

Derived terms

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  • -isis (double sharp)

Descendants

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  • Norwegian Bokmål: -iss

Hungarian

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-is

  1. (diminutive suffix) Added to a proper noun to form a shortened diminutive name.
    András (Andrew) + ‎-is → ‎Andris (Andy)

Derived terms

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See also

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Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Esperanto -is, back-formation from -as.

Suffix

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-is

  1. desinence of the past tense in verbs

See also

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Indonesian

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Dutch -isch.

Suffix

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-is

  1. -ic.
    strategisstrategic
    pragmatispragmatic
  2. -ical.
    praktispractical
    psikologispsychological

Etymology 2

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From Dutch -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, -ize, -ise, verbal suffix) +‎ -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).

Suffix

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-is

  1. -ist.
    anarkisanarchist
    jurnalisjournalist

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Irish

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Etymology

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From the dative form of Old Irish -as (-ish).

Suffix

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-is f

  1. -ish, -ese (used to form language names)

Declension

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Declension of -is (second declension, no plural)
bare forms
case singular
nominative -is
vocative a -is
genitive -ise
dative -is
forms with the definite article
case singular
nominative an -is
genitive na -ise
dative leis an -is
don -is

Derived terms

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Suffix

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-is

  1. inflection of -eas:
    1. vocative/genitive singular
    2. nominative/dative plural

Latin

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Indo-European *-is.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-is (neuter -e); third-declension two-termination suffix

  1. suffixed to the root of nouns in composition, forms adjectives of the third declension
    tri- + annus + -istriennis
    bi- + penna + -isbipennis
    ē- + norma + -isēnormis
    in- + somnus + -isinsomnis
    pro- + clīvus + -isproclīvis
    brevi- + tarsus + -isbrevitarsis
Declension
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Third-declension two-termination adjective.

singular plural
masc./fem. neuter masc./fem. neuter
nominative -is -e -ēs -ia
genitive -is -ium
dative -ibus
accusative -em -e -ēs
-īs
-ia
ablative -ibus
vocative -is -e -ēs -ia
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Swedish: -is (learned)
    • Finnish: -is
    • Norwegian Bokmål: -is
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: -is

References

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Etymology 2

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Declined forms of -us (suffix forming adjectives). Derived from Proto-Italic -ois.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-īs

  1. dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of -us

Etymology 3

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Declined forms of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-īs m

  1. dative/ablative plural of -a

Etymology 4

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

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-is

  1. second-person singular present active indicative of (third conjugation)

Etymology 5

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

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-īs

  1. (archaic) second-person singular sigmatic aorist active subjunctive of (third conjugation)

Etymology 6

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

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-is

  1. genitive singular of -s

Malay

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /-is/
  • Hyphenation: -is

Etymology 1

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Learned borrowing from Indonesian -is.[1]

Alternative forms

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Suffix

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-is

  1. -ical; -ic.
    praktispractical
    gramatisgrammatical
Usage notes
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  • Instances of this suffix are usually found in loanwords borrowed from Indonesian that have a more commonly used English-derived alternative. One example of this is the Malay term for pragmatic which can be expressed with the Indonesian-derived pragmatis that exists alongside the English-derived pragmatik.

Etymology 2

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Learned borrowing from English -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, -ize, -ise, verbal suffix) +‎ -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).

Suffix

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-is

  1. -ist.
    anarkisanarchist
    sadissadist

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from Portuguese -ês, from Old Galician-Portuguese -es, from Latin -ēnsis.

Suffix

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-is (Jawi spelling -يس)

  1. -ese.
    KantonisCantonese
    PortugisPortuguese

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Omar, A. H. (1971). Standard Language and the Standardization of Malay. Anthropological Linguistics, 13(2), 81–82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30029277

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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-is

  1. Alternative form of -yssh

Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-is

  1. Alternative form of -esse

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From Swedish -is (diminutive suffix), from Latin -is.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɪs/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪs
  • Hyphenation: -is
  • Homophone: -iss

Suffix

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-is m (definite singular -isen, indefinite plural -iser, definite plural -isene)

  1. Used to form nouns from adjectives, verbs and other nouns

Derived terms

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References

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Anagrams

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Plains Cree

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Algonquian *-ehs. Cognate to Ojibwe -s.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-is (Syllabics -ᐃᐢ)

  1. Used to form diminutives: -ie

Derived terms

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References

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  • Jean L. Okimâsis (2018) Cree: Language of the plains[1], University of Regina Press, →ISBN, page 22

Swedish

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Etymology

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At least since the late 1880s. Originally from the Latin ending -is in words such as basis (basis).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /-ɪs/
  • When combined the stress is always on the first syllable.

Suffix

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-is c or n

  1. (colloquial, particularly common in the Stockholm area) Suffix that gives a familiar, and to some extent a diminutive nuance, when combined with a word; common with both nouns and adjectives; commonly used for place names, institutions and persons in their professional role, occasionally clipped: Medis, Frälsis, dagis, vaktis; compare English -y, -ie.
    Är du sotis över att hon träffar sina killkompisar på krogen?
    Are you jealous that she's seeing her male friends at the pub?
    Hämta vaktisen. Någon hade just sönder en fönsterruta.
    Get the janitor. Someone just broke a window.
  2. (colloquial) Similar to 1 in ad hoc combinations: pankis, sötis, snuskis; compare -ie.
    Kan vi äta pankisar med sylt och visgrädde idag?
    Can we eat pancakes with jam and whipped cream today?
    Du får inte hoppa över kontroller på orienteringen, din fuskis!
    You can't skip orienteering controls, you cheater ("cheatie")!

Usage notes

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  • Nouns ending in -is take either common (en) or neuter (ett) gender, often depending on the original word: ett daghem > ett dagis, en loppmarknad > en loppis, en vaktmästare > en vaktis.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Finnish: -is
  • Norwegian Bokmål: -is
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: -is
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